人教英语八年级下册第3单元 重点知识归纳及练习.docx

1、人教英语八年级下册第3单元 重点知识归纳及练习Unit3 B 知识归纳及练习1.buy some drinks and snacks买一些饮料和小吃(1)buy-bought- bought 动词,意为“购买;买”。buy sb.sth.= buy sth. for sb.意为“给某人买某物”。eg: Yesterday my father bought me an English dictionary.=Yesterday my father bought an English dictionaryfor me.昨天爸爸给我买了本英语词典。(2) snack可数名词,意为“点心;小吃;快餐”

2、。Drinks and snacks are served at the bar.酒吧里供应饮料和小吃。2invite my friends to a party邀请我的朋友们来参加聚会invite及物动词,意为“邀请”。名词形式为 invitaion,意为“邀请;请柬”。其常见的用法有：“ invite sb.to+地点名词”意为“邀请某人到某地”。I invited Jenny to my house.我邀请珍妮到我家。 invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。They invite me to play the game.他们邀请我来玩这个游戏。3I do no

3、t understand why some parents maketheir kids help with housework and chores at home.我不理解为什么一些家长社他们的孩子在家里帮着做家务。(1) make sb. do sth.意为“让/使某人做某事”。为不带to的动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语。常见的类似用法还有：let/ have sb do sth.eg: He made me wait there for two hours.他让我在那里等了两个小时。(2) help with sth.意为“帮忙做某事”,相当于help (to) do sth.。eg:

4、 Lets help with the preparation for the party.=Lets help(to) prepare for the party. 咱们帮忙为聚会做准备吧。44. Kids these days already have enough stress from school. 现在的孩子们已经有来自学校的足够的压力了。stress名词,意为“精神压力;心理负担”eg: Too much stress is bad for your health.太大的压力对你的健康有害。Things can easily go wrong when people are un

5、derstress.人在压力之下做事情容易出差错。拓展stress作名词,还可意为“重音;重读”。We worked on pronunciation, stress and intonation.我们学习了语音、重读和语调。5Housework is a waste of their time.家务劳动是在浪费他们的时间。a waste of time意为“浪费时间”。此处 waste意为“浪费”。eg: Watching TV too much is a waste of time.看太多电视是浪费时间。I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。拓展 waste作为名词,还可意为“废物;垃圾

6、”。eg: The waste in the sea caused the whales death.海洋里的垃圾导致了这头鲸的死亡。 waste作形容词,意为“无用的;废弃的;丢弃的”。eg: A factory is pouring waste water into the river一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。 waste作及物动词,意为“浪费;滥用”, waste time/money on sb./sth.“在某人/某事物上浪费时间/金钱”, waste time/money(in) doing sth.“浪费时间/金钱做某事”。eg: Don t waste water.不要浪费水

7、。His wife wasted much money on clothes.他妻子在衣服上浪费了很多钱。Jack wastes a lot of time watching TV every day.杰克每天浪费很多时间看电视。6They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩,并进入一所好大学,他们应当把时间花在学业上。(1)辨析: spend,pay,cost与take四者都有“花费”之意,其区别为:spend-spen

8、t-spentSb. spend(s)some time/ money on sth;某人在某事/某物上花费一些时间/金钱Sb. spend(s)some time/ money doing sth.某人花费一些时间/金钱做某事pay-paid-paidSb.pay(s) some money for sth.某人付钱某物cost-cost-coststh.cost(s)(sb.)some money某物花费(某人)多少钱take-took-takeneg: It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间She spent 50 dollars on

9、the skirt.她花了50美元买了那条裙子。He spent two years writing the book.他花了两年时间写了那本书。She paid 50, 000 dollars for the car.她花了50000美元买了那辆车。The house cost them a lot of money.那所房子花了他们许多钱。It took him three weeks to finish the work完成这项工作花了他三周的时间。助记：spend,pay,cost与takecost与pay花金钱,take花费是时间;既花时间又花钱, spend出场露露面。练一练Its

10、 reported that Chinese_ more than 40 minutes a day reading WeChat(微信).A. spend B.cost C. pay D. take解析:我们可用“用法辨析法”及“关键词法”解答本题。spend指“花费(时间或金钱)”,常用于句式Sb. spend(s) some time/money doing sth.;cost指“花费(金钱)”,常用于句式Sth cost(s)sb some money;pay“支付”,指花费金钱,常用于句式Sb.pay(s) some money for sth.;take常用于固定句式 It tak

11、es/ took sb some time to do sth,意为“花费某人多长时间做某事”。由题干中的 reading可知应用Sb.spend(s) some time/ money doing sth.结构,故选A。答案:A(2) in order to意为“目的是;为了”,相当于so as to,后面接动词原形,可放在句首,也可放在句中,而so as to只能放在句中。否定结构为: in order not to do.eg:In order to look after his parents, he returned to work in his hometown.为了照顾父母,他回

12、到了家乡工作She started at five o clock in order not to be late为了不迟到,她五点钟就出发了。练一练_stop more accidents, we should slow down the driving speed.A. In order thatB. In order toC. Thanks forD. Thanks to解析:我们可用“词义辨析法”及“前后照应法:解答本题。in order that意为“为了”,后接句子；in order to意为“为了”,后接动词(短语);thanks for意为“感谢”; thanks to意为“多

13、亏;幸亏”。“我们降低车速”是“为了防止更多的事故”,故排除C、D两项。由空格后是动动短语可知选B。答案:B7Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now.而且,当他们长大一些的时候,他们将不得不做家务,因此他们没有必要现在做家务。There is no need for sb. to do sth.,意为“对于某人来说,没有必要做某事”。其中need用作不可数名词意为“需要;必要”。eg:There is no need for her t

14、o go to the market every day对于她来说,没有必要每天都去市场。8It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。(1) It is/was+名词+ to do sth.意为“做某事是,句中it作形式主语,真正的主语是 to do sth.eg:Its our duty to keep our classroom clean.对于我们来说,保持教室干净是我们的责任。(2

15、) provide此处用作及物动词,意为“提供;供应”。provide sth. for sb.相当于 provide sb. with sth.,意为“为某人提供某物”或“提供给某人某物”。eg:The sun provides light and heat for us. =The sun provides us with light and heat.太阳给我们提供光和热。9And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.反正我觉得干点儿家务也不太难。anyway副词,意为“而且;加之”。anyway在此句中的作用是追加评论。注意

16、：anyway位于句首时,其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。eg：The coat is too expensive and anyway I don t like the color.这件外套太贵了, 反正我不喜欢那个颜色。拓展anyway还可意为“不管怎样;无论如何”。Anyway,it s worth trying.不管怎样,这值得一试。10Children these days depend on their parents too much现在的孩子们过于依赖父母。depend on意为“依靠;依赖”,主语通常是表示人的词,其中 depend用作动词,意为“依靠;依赖”。eg

17、: I have no one but you to depend on.除了你,我没有可依靠的人。You cant depend on your parents forever.你不能永远依赖你的父母。拓展depend on其他的用法:depend on意为“信赖”。eg: You can depend on this English dictionary.你可以信赖这本英语词典。 depend on意为“取决于;视而定”Everything depends on whether you pass theexam.一切取决于你能否通过考试。练一练Its important for us to

18、 protect nature because weits rich resources to live.A.depend on B leave for C. give up D lead to:解析:我们可用“逻辑推理法”解答本题。depend on意为“依靠;依赖”; leave for意为“(动身)去某地” give up意为“放弃; lead to意为“导致”。由主句句意“对我们来说保护大自然很重要”可推知,从句意为:因为我们依靠它丰富的资源来生活。故选A。答案:A11Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and te

19、aches them how to look after themsel.做家务帮助培养孩子们的独立性并教会他们怎样去照顾自己。(1) develop此处用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,意为“发展;壮大”。其名词形式为 development,意为“发展;发育;成长”。eg: Sports can develop mind and body,体育运动有益于身心发展。Her business developed quickly.她的事业迅速地发展起来了。With the development of his business, he helped morepeople.随着他事业的发展,他帮助

20、了更多的人。拓展develop的形容词有两个: developed和developing。前者意为“发达的”,后者意为“发展中的”。eg: America is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。India is a developing country.印度是发展中国家。练一练It is necessary for everyone to _ a good habit of reading.A enjoy B choose C develop D accept解析:我们可用“词义辨析法”及“逻辑推理法”解答本题。enoy意为“喜欢”; choose意为“选择”; d

21、evelop意为“发展;壮大;养成”; accept意为“接受”。由空格后的 a good habit of reading(好的阅读习惯)可知 develop符合要求,故选C。句意为“对每一个人来说,养成阅读的好习惯是必要的”。答案:C(2) independence不可数名词,意为“独立”,其形容词形式为 independent,意为“独立的;自主的”。eg:He wants to live a life of independence.他想过独立的生活。China is an independent country.中国是一个独立自主的国家。independence(n.独立)去ce加t

22、-independent(adj独立的)12Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.既然他们与父母一起住在一所房子里,他们就应该知道每个人应当尽一份力来保持房子干净和整洁。(1) since此处作连词,意为“因为;既然”,用来陈述原因或理由,引导原因状语从句,通常放在句首。eg: Since we don t have money, we cant buy a house.因为

23、我们没有钱,我们不能买房子。拓展since作连词,还可意为“从以后;自以来”,引导时间状语从句。注意:since表示原因,要比 because更加正式和书面化。eg: He has worked in the company since he came to China.自他来中国以来,他就在这家公司工作。(2)do one s part in( doing)sth.意为“尽自己的职责做某事”。eg: Everyone should do their part in saving water.每个人都应尽自己的职责来节约用水。13he had no idea how to take care

24、of himself.他不知道怎样去照顾自己。(1) have no idea意为“不知道”,相当于don t knowI have no idea what to do next. =I dont know what todo next.我不知道下一步该做什么。(2) take care of意为“照顾;处理”,相当于look after或 care for,其后可接名词、(反身)代词作宾语。eg: Can you help me take care of (=look after/care for）my little sister？你能帮我照顾我的妹妹吗?拓展take good care

25、of.意为“好好照顾”相当于 look after. well。练一练When you are swimming, _ your ears. You can use earplugs(耳塞) to stop water getting into your ears.A. take afterB take part inC take offD take care of解析:我们可用“前后照应法”解答本题take after意为“(外貌或行为)像(父或母)”;take part in意为“参加”; take of意为“脱下;(飞机)起飞”; take care of意为“照顾;照料”。由后句“你可

26、以用耳塞来阻止水进入你的耳朵”可知要“照顾”好你的耳朵。故选D。答案:D14As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped.结果,他经常生病,成绩也下降了。(1) as a result意为“结果;因此”。He didnt work hard. As a result, he failed his exam.他学习不用功,结果他考试不及格。拓展 as a result of意为“由于;作为.的结果”eg: He was late as a result of the heavy snow.由于大雪,他迟到了。(2)fall ill是固

27、定短语,意为“生病”,此处fall 用作连系动词,其后接形容词作表语。eg: Peter often fell ill when he was in primary school.彼得上小学时经常生病。(3)ill用作形容词,意为“有病;不舒服”,常作表语。eg: Tom was ill, so he couldnt go to school yesterday.汤姆病了,所以他昨天没去上学。辨析:ill与sickill: “有病;不舒服”,用作表语,不能作定语sik:“生病的;有病的”,既可作表语又可作定语。the sick意为“病人”一言辨异The man is ill,/sick, bu

28、t he has to look after his sick father.这个人生病了,但他不得不照顾他生病的父亲。(4)drop( dropped, dropped, dropping)此处用作不及物动词,意为“落下;掉下”。eg: The cup dropped and broke.杯子掉下来摔破了。Fruits will drop.果实快落了.15The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立, 对他们的未来就越好。the earlier., the bette

29、r.意为“越早., .越好”,其结构为“the+比较级.,the+比较级.”,意为“越,就越”,表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。the用在形容词或副词的比较级前。eg: The more friends you have, the happier youll be.你拥有的朋友越多,你就会越快乐。The harder you study, the better grades youll get.你学习越用功,你取得的成绩就越好。练一练The _ kids learn to be independent, the _ it is for their future.A early; goodB early; betterC earlier; betterD. earlierr: good解析:我们可用“固定句式法”解答本题。“the+比较级,the+比较级”为固定句式,意为“越,就越”,故选C。句意:孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来就越好。答案:C