计算机科学导论课后问答.docx

1、计算机科学导论课后问答1. Explain the five parts of an information system .What part do people play in this system?An information system has five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware and data.People: Are end users who use computer to make themselves more productive.Procedures: Specify rules or guidelin

2、es for computer operations.Software: Provides step-by-step instructions for computer hardware.Hardware: Processes the data to create information.Data: Consist of unprocessed facts including text, numbers, image and sounds.People are the most important part of any information system.2. What is system

3、 software? What kinds of programs are included in system software?System software helps the computer manage its own internal resources. It includes three kinds of programs: operating systems, utilities and device drivers programs.3. Define and compare basic and specialized application software. Desc

4、ribe some different types of basic application software. Describe some types of specialized applications.Basic applications are the kinds of programs to be considered computer competent.Specialized applications are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations.Basic applications have

5、 some types, such as browser, word processor, spreadsheet ,and so on.Also specialized applications have many types, some of the best known are graphics, audio and video, multimedia, Web authoring ,and artificial intelligence programs.4. Describe the different types of computer. What is the most comm

6、on type? What are the types of microcomputers?There are four types of computers: supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, and microcomputers.Supercomputers are the most powerful type of computer.Mainframe computers occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms, they are capable of great p

7、rocessing speeds and data storage.Minicomputers are refrigerator sized machines.Microcomputers are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing, type of computer.Microcomputers are the most common type of computers. There are four types of microcomputers: Desktop computers, Noteb

8、ook computers, Handheld computers and PDA.5. What is connectivity? How are the wireless revolution and connectivity related? What is a computer network? What is the Internet? What is the Web?Connectivity is the capability of you microcomputer to share the information with other computers.Wireless re

9、volution dramatically affect connectivity.A computer network is a communications system connecting two or more computers.Internet is the largest network in the world.The Web provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.CHAPTER21. Discuss the uses of the Interne

10、t. Which activities have you participated in? Which one do you think is the most popular?The most common uses of the Internet are the following: communicating, shopping, searching, entertainment, education, and so on. I have participated in almost all of them. I think communicating is the most popul

11、ar.2. Explain the differences between the two most common types of providers. The two most common types of providers are National and wireless. National service providers provide access through standard telephone connections.Wireless service providers provide Internet connections for computers with

12、wireless modems and a wide array of wireless devices.3. What are the basic elements of an e-mail message? A typical e-mail message has three basic elements: header, message and signature.4. What is social networking ? Describe the three types if social networking sites.Social networking is the group

13、ing of individuals into specific groups. There are three basic categories of social networking sites: reuniting, friend-of-a-friend and common interest Reuniting sites are designed to connect people who have known one another but have lost touch.Friend-of-a-friend sites are designed to bring togethe

14、r two people who do not know one another but share a common friend.Common interest sites bring together individuals that share common interests or hobbies.5. Describe the different types of search engines. Given an example of the type of search each engine is best for.There are three types of search

15、 engines: crawler-based search engines, metasearch engines and specialized search enginesCrawler-based search engines, such as Google, create their listings automatically.Metasearch engines are programs that automatically submit your search request to several engines simultaneously. The metasearch e

16、ngines receives the results, eliminates duplicates, orders the hits, and then provides the edited list to you .one of the best known is Dogpile.Specialized search engines focus on subject-specific Web sites. such as Environment.CHAPTER31. Explain the difference between general-purpose and special-pu

17、rpose applications.General-purpose application are widely used in nearly every discipline and occupation. They include word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems and presentation graphics.Specialized application includes thousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on s

18、pecific disciplines and occupations.2. Discuss the common features of most software programs. Describe the new interface to what-if analysis?Most applications use a GUI, use windows to display information, and have menus to present commands.3. What is the difference between a function and a formula?

19、 How is a formula related to what-if analysis?A formula is an instruction to calculate or process. Functions are prewritten formulas. A formula related to what-if analysis is called recalculation.4. What are presentation graphics programs? How are they used?Presentation graphics are programs that co

20、mbine a variety of visual objects to create attractive, visually interesting presentation. People in a variety of setting and situations use presentation graphics programs to make their presentations more interesting and professional.5. What is the difference between an integrated package and a soft

21、ware suite? What are the advantages and disadvantages od each?An integrated package is a single program that provides the functionality of a word processor, spreadsheet, database manager, and more. The primary disadvantage of an integrated package is that the capabilities of each function are not as

22、 extensive as in the individual programs. The primary advantages are cost and simplicity.A software suite is a collection of separate application programs bundled together and sold as a group. It is significantly less expensive to buy a suite of applications than to buy each application separatelyCH

23、APTER41. Describe graphics , including desktop publishers, image editors, illustration programs, image galleries, and graphics suites.Graphics are widely used to analyze data and to create professional-looking presentations; Desktop publishers focus on page design and layout and provide greater flex

24、ibility; Image editors are programs for creating and editing bitmap images; Illustration programs are used to create and to edit vector images; Image galleries are libraries of electronic images. These images are used for a wide variety of applications from illustrating textbooks to providing visual

25、 interest to presentations;Graphics suites are some companies combining their separate graphics programs in groups.2. Discuss audio and video editing software.Audio editing software allows you to create and edit audio clips, most software allow you to add audio effects to your tracks. Video editing

26、software allows you to reorganize, add effects, and more to your digital video footage.3. What is multimedia? How are multimedia presentations developed?Multimedia is the integration of all sorts of media into one presentation. The creation of interactive multimedia presentations follows several ste

27、ps: Plan, Design, Create and Support.4. Describe Web authoring , including Web site design and Web authoring programs.Creating a site is called Web authoring. A web site design is an interactive multimedia form of communication, designing a web site begins with determining the sites overall content,

28、 the overall site design is commonly represented in a graphical map. More specialized and powerful programs, called Web authoring programs, are typically used to create sophisticated commercial sites.5. Discuss three areas of artificial intelligence.The three areas of artificial intelligence are vir

29、tual reality, knowledge-based systems and robotics. Virtual reality is an artificial, or simulated, reality generated in 3-D by a computer. Knowledge-based systems are a type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to provide assistance to users. Robotics is the field of study concerned with

30、 developing and using robots.CHAPTER51. Describe system software. What are the four types of system programs?System software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details. It consists of four types of programs: operating systems, utilit

31、ies, device drivers and language translators.2. What are the basic functions of every operating system? What are the three basic operating system categories?The basic functions of every operating system are : managing computer resources, providing a user interface, and running applications. The thre

32、e basic operating system categories are: embedded, network and stand-alone.3. Explain the differences and similarities between Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. Windows is by far the most popular microcomputer operating system today. It comes in a variety of different versions and is designed to run with Intel and Intel-compatible microprocessors. Mac OS is not nearly as widely used as the Windows operating system. It is a powerful, easy-to-use operating system that is popular with professional graphic designs, desktop publishers, an