初二英语下册知识点归纳.docx

1、初二英语下册知识点归纳初二(八年级)下册英语第一单元知识点归纳初二(八年级)下册英语第一单元知识点主要是依据初二(八年级)下册英语教材，从重点短语、知识归纳、语法知识这三个部分总结了初二(八年级)下册英语第一单元知识点，适合初二学生学习英语、中考考生备考英语。【重点短语】1. fewer people 更少的人(fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定)2. less free time 更少的空闲时间(less修饰不可数名词，表示否定)3. in ten years 10年后(in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon)4. fall in love with 爱上例：When I met M

2、r. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他5. live alone 单独居住6. feel lonely 感到孤独(比较：live alone/go along等)The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独7. keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪8. fly to the moon 飞上月球9. hundreds of +复数 数百/几百(概数，

3、类似还有thousands of; millions of)10. the same as 和相同11. A be different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)12. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人”13. get bored 变得厌倦(get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等)14. go skating 去滑冰(类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike ridin

4、g等)15. lots of/a lot of 许多(修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以)16. at the weekends 在周末17. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习18. agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见)19. I dont agree. = I disagree. 我不同意20. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上(注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词)21. on vacation 度假22. help sb with sth/hel

5、p sb do sth 帮助某人做某事23. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼24. live in an apartment 住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor 住在12楼25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号26. as a reporter 作为一名记者27. look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗29. in the future 在将来/在未来30. no more=not anymore 不再(强调多次

6、发生的动作不再发生)Ill go there no more.31. no longer=not any longer 不再(强调状态不再发生)32. besides(除之外还，包括)与except but(除之外，不包括)33. be able to与can 能、会l (be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中;have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态)例如：1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. (不可以用can)2. had to stay at home

7、/ will have to (不可以用must)34.be big and crowded 大而且拥挤34. be in college 在上大学35. live on a space station 住在空间站36. dress casually 穿得很随意casual clothing 休闲服饰37. win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯 win award 获僵38. come true 变成现实39. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间40. be fun to watch 看起来有趣41. over and over again 一次又

8、一次42. be in different shapes 形状不同43. twenty years from now 今后20年 【本单元目标句型】1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.l fewer; less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词;more二者都可以修饰。3. Will kids go to school? No, they wont/Yes, the

9、y will。4. Predicting the future can be difficult.5. I need to look smart for my job interview.6. I will be able to dress more casually.7. I think Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.8. What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?9. That may not seem pos

10、sible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.【知识归纳】形容词，副词的比较等级考查热点透视：a)表示A与B在程度上相同b)时，c) “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不d)如B时，e)可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。f)表示A比B在程度上“更.”时，g)可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构h)表示三者或三者以上的比较，i)其中一个在程度上“最.”时，j)常用“the+形容词或副词

11、的最高级”结构，k)后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意：副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.)l)在形容词或副词的比较级前，m)可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰，n)以加强语气。o)表示“越来越.”时，p)常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构，q)但要注意，r)对于多音节和部分双音节形容词，s)副词而t)言，u)若要表达此意时，v)要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。w)在表示“其中最.之一“的含义时，x)常使用 “one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名y)词复z)数”

12、结构，aa)其中的定冠词the不bb)可以省略。cc)如果强调“两者中比较的(一个)”的意思时，dd)可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。ee)表示“越.越.”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级，ff)the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。2 .一般将来时一般将来时的构成：由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常简略为ll， will not常简略为wont。这个时态的肯定，否定和疑问结构可表示如下：肯定句否定句疑问句I (We)shall(will) go.You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)

13、shall(will) not go.You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?Will you (he, she, they) go?用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时，表示将要发生的事，打算或决定要做的事。b)一般将来时的用法：1)表示将要发生的动作或情况;2) 不以人的意志为转移，肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”，句子中的谓语动词要用

14、一般将来时态;after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”，所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后，或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时，它可以与将来时态连用。4.more, less, fewer的用法区别：more为many, much的比较级，意为“更多”，可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级，意为“更好，较少”，修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级，意为“更少”，修饰可数名词复数。【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点，几个”。5.would like sth意思为“想要

15、某物“; would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时，其肯定回答为 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “Id like /love to, but.”6. Such作形容词，意思是“如此的”“这样的”，修饰各种名词。Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。Such常和as搭配，表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配，表示“如此.以至于”如It was such a hot

16、day that we all had to stay at home.Suchthat和sothat都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词，所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.如果名词是可数名词的单数形式，such和

17、so的位置不同：such+a/an+形容词+单数名词so+形容词+a/an+单数名词如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数，只可用such,不能用so.:such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时，用so，不用such.当little表示“年纪小的”时，可用such+little+名词。7.be able to 为“能，会”，表示能力，在这个意义上与can的意思相同，一般情况下两者可以互换，但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to则用于更多的时态，主要体现在be的变化。两者在用法上

18、有一些差异：can (could)表示主观能力不表示意愿，它的将来时用will be able to而 be able to表示主观意愿强调克服困难做某事。 【重点语法】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：1.含tomorrow; next短语; 2.in+段时间 ; 3.how soon;4.by+将来时间; 5.by the time sb.do 6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do例Be quick, or you will be late=If you dont be quick, you will be late7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果

19、从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day比较be going to 与will:be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.3. be going t

20、o 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you.掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。be going to do (动词原形)结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to r

21、ain.will do 结构表示将来的用法：1. 表示预见Do you think it will rain?You will feel better after a good rest.2. 表示意图I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：(1)will+主语+do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?(2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be ?Will there

22、be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont否定句构成：will + not (wont)+doSarah wont come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词+will+主语+?What will Sarah do next Sunday?根据例句，用will改写下列各句例：I dont feel well today. (be better tomorrow) Ill be better tomorrow.1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of

23、 homework tonight)_2. Im tired now. (sleep later)_3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)_4. We cant leave right now. (leave a little later)_5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow)_初二英语下册第二单元重点总结一丶重点短语1.argue v.争论;争吵 argue with sb.与某人吵架I argued with my best friend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。2. eith

24、er adv.(用于否定句)也He doesnt have any money, and I dont, either.他没有钱，我也没有。I cant play chess. She cant, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。 too 也(用于肯定或疑问句)Im a teacher.He is a teacher, too.我是老师，他也是老师。3.ask (sb.)for sth.向某人寻求某物;要Dont ask for food every day.Go and find some work. 别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。I dont think you should ask

25、 your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。4.the same as. 与相同 (注意前后两个比较对象的属性保持一致)The clothes are the same as my friends.这些衣服与我朋友的一样。Tom is the same age as Anna.= Tom is as old as Anna. 汤姆和安娜一样大。Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。5.except 除以外;(不包括在内)My class has been invited except me.除我以外，我的同学

26、都被邀请了。All the students went to the park except him.除了他之外，全体同学都去过公园了。They all traveled America except her. 除了她以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。注意区别：besides 除以外，还有.(包括在内)We all went there besides him.除他去以外，我们也都去了。(= He went there.We went there, too.) 他也去了，我们也去了!/大家都去了!There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5名访

27、客 (加上我是6个)6.wrong adj.错误的;有毛病的;不合适的 Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?) Ive got a headache.我头痛。Whats wrong with your watch? It doesnt work.你的手表怎么了?它不走了。注意：Whats the matter with you?= Whats wrong with you ?=Whats the trouble with you? 你怎么了?/你出什么事了?7.get on(well) with sb.与某人相处(融洽)get on ( well ) with

28、 sth 某事进展地好The students will get on well with the teacher.学生会和老师相处得非常好。How are you going on with your new friends? 你和你的新朋友相片如何 ?These days ,Mr Green gets on well with his new job.这些天，格林先生的工作进展很顺利8.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.与某人打架I dont want to have a fight with my cousin. 我不想和我的堂兄打架。They n

29、ever fight with each other.They are really good friends.他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。 二、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)What should I do? You could write him a letter.What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to himWhat should they do? They shouldnt argue.三、词语辨析1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物 (借回来)lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth 把某物借给某人 (借出去)注： borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.是指该句的主语把某物(往外)借给别人用例如：Could you lend me your car?=Could you lend your car to me?请你借给我你的车用一下好吗?2. get s