精品选选市重点初中数学名词中英文对照doc.docx

1、精品选选市重点初中数学名词中英文对照doc市重点初中数学英语名词positivepztvnumber正数negativengtvnumber负数rationalrn!number有理数numberaGiskss数轴originrdn原点oppositepztnumber相反数absolutepztvaluevlju绝对值powerpau乘方，幂basenumber底数eGponentksponnt指数approGimateprksmtnumber近似数significantsgnfkntdigit有效数字monomialmnoml单项式coefficient,kofnt系数degreeofam

2、onomial单项式的次数polynomial,plnoml多项式termtm项constantknstntterm常数项degreeofapolynomial,plnoml多项式次数equationknstnt方程integralntgrleGpressionksprn整式solutionslun解linearlnequationkwenwithoneunknown一元一次方程net展开图geometricdmtrkfigurefgj几何图形solidsldfigurefgj立体图形planefigureknstnt平面图形solidsld体line线surfacesfs面point点int

3、ersection,ntskn相交pointofintersection焦点center中点angleg!角distance距离angulargjldissector角平分线complementary,kmplmntrangle余角degree度supplementary,splmntriangle补角congruentkgruntfigures全等形symmetricsmtrkfigure轴对称图形congruenttrianglestra,g!全等三角形aGisofsymmetrysmtr对称轴symmetricpoints对称点radicandrd,knd被开方数perpendicula

4、r,ppndkjlbisectorbaskt垂直平分线graphgrf图象isoscelesass!,iztriangle等腰三角形variablevrb!变量equilateral,ikwltrltriangle等边三角形constantknstnt常量arithmeticrmtksquareskwrroot算术平方根realnumber实数squareroot平方根/二次方根eGtractionkstrknofsquareroot开平方cubekjubroot立方根/三次方根eGtractionofcuberoot开立方radicalrdk!eGponentksponnt根指数irrati

5、onalrn!number无理数functionfkn函数independent,ndpndntvariable自变量proportionalprporn!function正比例函数linearlnfunction一次函数formulafrmjlforthedifferenceofsquares平方差公式factoringfkt因式分解formulaforthesquareofthesum完全平方公式commonkmnfactorfkt公因式adjacentdesntanglesonastraightstretline邻补角verticalvtk!angles对顶角perpendicular,

6、ppndkjl垂直corresponding,krspndangles同位角perpendicularline垂线alternateltntinteriorntrangles内错角footofaperpendicular垂足interioranglesonthesameside同旁内角parallelpr,ll平行proposition,prpzn命题theoremirm定理translationtrnslen平移orderedpair有序数对rectangularrktgjlcoordinatekordnetsystemsstm平面直角坐标系G-aGiskssG轴y-aGisy轴coordi

7、nate座标quadrantkwdrnt象限triangle三角形altitudelt,tjud高medianmidn中线bisectorbasktofangle角平分线polygonpl,gn多边形diagonaldagn!对角线regularrgjlpolygon正多边形linearequationoftwounknown二元一次方程systemoflinearequationoftwounknown二元一次方程组bargraph条形图substitution,sbsttjunmethodmd代入法inequalitynkwlt不等式additiondn-substitutionmetho

8、d加减法solutionslunset解集linearequalityikwltofoneunknown二元一次不等式statisticsttstk统计学systemoflinearequalityofoneunknown二元一次不等式组piecharttrt扇形图samplingsmplsurvey抽样调查histogramhst,grm直方图population,ppjlen总体individual,ndvdul个体samplesmp!样本samplesizesaz样本容量simplerandomrndmsamplingsmpl简单随机抽样frequencyfrikwnsdistribut

9、ion,dstrbjun频数分布fractioninlowestterms最简分数reductionrdknofafraction约分changingfactionstoacommondenominatordnm,net通分fractionalequation分式方程fractionfrkn分式inversenvsproportionalprporn!functionfkn反比例函数hyperbolahapbl双曲线parallelogram,prll,grm平行四边形rectanglerktg!矩形rhombusrmbs菱形squareskwr正方形trapeziumtrpizm梯形isos

10、celesass!,iztrapezium等腰梯形barycenter重心weightedwetdaveragevrd加权平均数weight全medianmidn中位数modemod众数rangerend极差variancevrns方差quadratickwdrtkfunction二次函数similarfiguresfgj相似图形similarpolygonspl,gnz相似多边形proportionalsegmentssgmnt比例函数homotheticfigures位似图形sinesan正弦（sin）cosinekosan余弦（cos）tangenttndnt正切（tan）trigono

11、metric,trgnmtrkfunctionofacuteangle锐角三角形projectionprdkn投影parallelpr,llprojection平行投影centerprojection中心投影viewvju视图algebraic,ldbrekeGpression代数式rotationroten旋转quadratickwdrtkequationinoneunknow一元二次方程root根centeralsymmetrysmtrfigure中心对称circlesk!圆centerofacircle圆心radiusreds半径chordkrd弦diameterdamt直径arcrk弧

12、semism-circle半圆centeralangle圆心角angleinacircularsegmentsgmnt圆周角circumcircle外接圆circumcenter外心tangenttndntline切线inscribedcircle内切圆incenter内心randomrndmeventvnt随机事件proability概率treediagramda,grm树形图数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理aGiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)

13、命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被加数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)被除数divi

14、dend除数divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator平均数mean算术平均数arithmaticmean几何平均数geometricmeann个数之积的n次方根倒数（reciprocal）G的倒数为1/G有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber数字digit数number自然数

15、naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null,zero,nought,nil十进制decimalsystem二进制binarysystem十六进制heGadecimalsystem权weight,significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式

16、formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial,multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,G-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂eGponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthp

17、owern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower开方evolution,eGtraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthrootsqrt(2)=1.414sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236常量constant变量variable坐标系coordinates坐标轴G-aGis,y-aGis,z-aGis横坐标G-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin象限quadrant截距(有正负之分)inter

18、cede（方程的）解solution几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角

19、形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等边三角形equilateraltriangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width周长perimeter面积area相似similar全等congruent三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正割arcsecant反余割arccosecant子

20、集subset补充：集合aggregate元素element交集intersection并集union空集void补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definiteintegral不定积分in

21、definiteintegral复数compleGnumber矩阵matriG行列式determinant圆circle圆心centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference轨迹locus,loca(pl.)多面体polyhedron旋转rotation轴aGis球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola正方形square

22、梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid多边形polygon正多边形equilateralpolygon相位phase周期period统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weightedaverage方差variance标准差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviation比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normaldistribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bargraph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图brokenlinegraph曲线统计图curvediagram扇形统计图piediagram