湖北联考博士研究生英语入学考试模拟题2笔记.docx

1、湖北联考博士研究生英语入学考试模拟题2笔记湖北联考博士研究生英语入学考试-模拟题2-笔记Practice Examination 2Part I Reading Comprehension (40 %)Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following passage: The National Trust in Britain，together with similar voluntary organization，plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enj

2、oyment of the best that is left unspoiled of British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the government，it is not a rich government，supported by public taxes. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoild countryside and the ancient sites

3、 to preserve them for the permanent enjoyment of the public. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. It has 160,000 members in England，Wales and Northern Ireland who pay a small subscription each year，and its primary duties are to protect for

4、the nation places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest and preserve them from the dangers of modern development and extinction. 英国的国民托管组织，和类似志愿者组织一起，在保护公众最喜爱的未被破坏的英国乡村中起着越来越重要的作用。尽管这个组织受到政府的实际的和精神上的支持，但不是一个资金充裕的政府，没有公众纳税支撑。这是一个志愿者协会，是一些关心未被破坏的乡村和古物遗址的人们联合在一起，为大众保护这些东西。这是一个慈善团体，由

5、公众成员自愿支撑其运转。这个组织在英国有160,000位成员，威尔士和白爱尔兰每年捐款很少，他们的主要责任是保护国家自然景观和名胜古迹，保护他们不被现代开发破坏，保护他们使他们免于消逝。Wales weilz n. 威尔士（英国大不列颠岛西南部地区）Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰自治区（在爱尔兰东北部）place of historical interest 名胜古迹 The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of B

6、ritain by the late Lord Lothian，who in 1935 said that，as a result of taxation and estate duty，most of these ancient houses were under sentence of death. When he died he left his great seventh century house and all its contents to the Trust together with 4,500-acre park and estate surrounding it. Thi

7、s gift attracted wide publicity，and it started the Trusts“Country House Scheme”. Under the scheme，with the cooperation of the government and thanks to the generosity of the general public，the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old house

8、s，together with often very valuable contents. Whenever possible，the Trust seeks to maintain continuity and to preserve these as living realities rather than as dead museums. It is the view of the Trust that the families who give them to the nation and whose ancestors created them make the best possi

9、ble curators. 公众头一次开始注意到大使洛锡安勋爵Lord Lothian1935年所说的话，他说课税和遗产税威胁到英国的古房屋建筑，这些古建筑濒临灭绝。他去世的时候，把他的宏伟的7世纪的房子及里头所有的陈设，还有周围4500英亩的院子都留给了国民托管管组织。这一馈赠，吸引了大量的公共宣传，促使该组织发起了“乡村住宅计划”。按这个计划，与政府合作，得益于大众的慷慨解囊，该组织能保护而且可以允许公众参观这些150年前的房子了，这些房子里大都还有珍贵的陈设。只要可能，该组织尽量保存这些建筑的连续性，把它们作为真实生活场所来保存，而不是死气沉沉的博物馆。国民托管组织认为，那些把古建筑赠送

10、给国家的人，以及这些房子建造者的后人们，是管理这些古建筑的最好人选。taxation tksein n. 课税，征税；税款estate duty 遗产税Lord Lothian 大使洛锡安勋爵publicity pblisiti n. 宣传，宣扬；公开；广告；注意generosity ,denrsti n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量general public 公众whenever possible 只要可能continuity ,kntinju:iti n. 连续性；一连串；分镜头剧本castle k:sl n. 城堡；车(象棋) vt. 置于城堡中；筑城堡防御curator kjureit n

11、. 馆长；监护人；管理者In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills，gardens，Roman antiquities，farms and small villages，as well as complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build，develop or disturb the old village environment and

12、all houses maintain their original sixteenth-century style. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace，beauty and wildlife. 出了乡村住宅和露天场地以外，信托组织现在还有了一些风力和水力磨粉机、花园、罗马古董、农场、小村子，完整的村庄也有。这些村庄里，不准再建房屋，以免改变或影响了村庄的环境，让所有的建筑保持它们16世纪的风格。公众都可以免费进入那些场所，但他们必须尊重那里的宁静、美和野生动植物。i

13、n addition to 除之外open spaces 空地；露天场所water mill 水磨，水力磨粉机1. The National Trust is B .A. a government department FB. a charity TC. a group of areas of great natural beauty FD. one organization of great natural beauty FNational Trust n. 国民托管组织（英国保护名胜古迹的私人组织）2. Lord Lothian said most of the ancient house

14、s were D .A. to be protected by the government FB. decaying through lack of money for their repair FC. kept in good condition for the time being FD. doomed to decay without good preservation T3. Who takes up the responsible managerial work of the old house? B A. The directors of the local branches o

15、f the Trust FB. The ex-owners of the structure. TC. The members of the organization appointed for the post. FD. The men who enjoy the prestige in the local places. Fprestige prestid n. 威望，声望；声誉4. Which of the following may be not allow to be done by a visitor? B A. Taking pictures of the scenes. TB.

16、 Picking flowers in the gardens. FC. Having a complete view of the area. TD. Singing quietly while visiting T这篇文章较为简明，各个提问也很清楚。生词不多。可以根据词根推测一个大概。Questions 5 to 8 are based on the following passage: Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans

17、 at work was employed，i. e.，worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employeed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial for

18、mal education，holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed，two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fa

19、st that the industrial worker，that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution，has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production. 我们的社会已成一个雇员社会。约100年前，在美国，五个有工作的人中只有一个是受雇的，为他人打工。而今，每五个有工作的人中只有一个是不受雇的，为自己干活。50年前，“受雇”意味着做工厂工人或者农场帮手，而现在受雇的人，已经越来越多的是中产阶级人士，他们接受了良好的教育，从

20、事的是需要知识和技术的专业性或管理性工作。实际上，美国最近50年有两个显著的特征：在我们劳动人口的增长中，中产阶级和上层阶级雇员增长是最快的，他们增长如此之快，即使工业生产也在扩张，但仍旧使产业工人工业革命最大的孩子，在数量上已经不占多大比例了。farmhand f:mhnd n. 农经 农场工人 industrial worker 产业工人 industrial production 工经 工业生产Yet you will find little of anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great

21、 deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can find a great deal of work in a chosen field，whether it is the mechanists trade or bookkeeping. Everyone of these trades requires different skills，set different standards，and requires a different preparation. Yet they

22、 all have employeeship in common. And increasingly，especially in the large business or in government，employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly people fail more because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they

23、 do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder，the more you get into administrative or executive work，the greater the emphasis is on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical ability or professional knowledge. 你可能找不到任何写什么是雇员的文字资料。但你可以找到很多

24、教人们如何找工作、如何升迁的叫人半信半疑的资料。在求职市场，你可以找到大量的工作，从事机械贸易或者当账房先生。各个行业需要不同的技能，有不同的标准，需要不同的准备。不过他们所需要的雇员素质相同。特别是在大型企业或者政府部门，对个人成功而言，雇员素质越来越比专业知识和技能更重要。当然，失败的人，更多的是因为他们不知道作为雇员的必要条件，而不是因为他们从业所需的知识和技能不够。你爬得越高，你就越多的从事行政或管理工作，与组织协同工作的能力就越发显得比专业知识技能更重要。bookkeeping buk,ki:pi n. 记帐，簿记in common 共同的；共有的employeeship 员工素质a

25、dministrative dministrtiv adj. 管理的，行政的dubious dju:bjs adj. 可疑的；暧昧的；无把握的；半信半疑的hip hip n. 臀部；蔷薇果；忧郁 adj. 熟悉内情的；非常时尚的executive izekjutiv adj. 行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的n. 经理；执行委员会；执行者；经理主管人员5. It is implied that fifty years ago D .A. eighty percent of American working people were employed in factories FB. twent

26、y percent of American intellectuals were employees FC. the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers FD. the percentage of intellectuals working as employee was not so large as that of industrial workers F50年前受雇的主要是当工人，没多少知识分子。50年前知识分子最为雇员的

27、比例没有产业工人作为雇员的比例大。6. According to the passage，with the development of modern industry， D .A. factory laborers will overtake intellectlectual employees in number F 劳工变少了，白领变多了B. there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborers F 中产阶级雇员增多了，没说和过去劳工相等了C. employers have attached great importan

28、ce to factory laborers F 没提这事，但劳工处于下滑地位，不可能得到更重视D. the proportion of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreased T 劳工人数比例下降了 7. According to the writer，professional knowledge or skill is A .A. less important than awareness of being a good employee T 作者确实这么说的，说的很明确B. as important

29、as the ability to deal with public relations FC. more important than employer-employee relations F 没提这个关系D. as important as the ability to cooperate with others in the organization F8. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one A . A. to be more successful in his career TB. to solve

30、 technical problems FC. to be more specialized in his field FD. to develop his professional skill Fspecialize in专门研究；专攻；专门经营Questions 9 to 12 are based on the following passage: During the second half of the nineteenth century，in the United States both the stimulus to produce landscape art and the s

31、ubject of landscape altered appreciably as the pressure of events surrounding the Civil War witnessed the emergence of a new national consciousness. It was a time when certain fundamental religious beliefs were assaulted by new scientific theory and when new critical writing，particularly those of Jo

32、hn Ruskin，exercised an important influence on art. The landscape painting from the Ganz collection provides an opportunity to examine the shifts in taste and the pluralities of style that characterized American landscape painting，especially in the latter part of the century. 19世纪下半页，在美国，与美国内战南北战争相关的种种事件，产生了逼人的形势，使人们亲眼目睹了新的民族意识的出现