Beingdone的用法.docx

1、Beingdone的用法Being done 的用法一、 与be动词一起构成现在进行时的被动语态(am/ is/ are being done)和 过去进行时的被动语态(was/ were being done)。如：The new houses are being pai nted这些新房子还在刷漆。When I went to pay him a visit, he was being exam ined by a doctorS 我去看他 时，他正在接受医生的检查。二、 作后置定语，修饰某一名词，表示某一被动动作正在进行。如：The meeti ng being held now is

2、of great importa nee 现在正在开的会很重要。上面的句子也可以变成含有定语从句的句子：The meeting which is being held now is of great importance.注意：being done，to be done 与 done 均可作后置定语，其区别为：being done表示正在发生的被动动作；to be done表示将要发生的被动动 作；而 done 表示已经发生的被动动作。如：The house to be built here n ext year bel ongs to Fred 明 年将在这里建的房屋是 弗雷德的。The h

3、ouse built here last year belo ngs to Free去年在这里建的房屋是弗雷德 的。三、 作某些及物动词或介词的宾语。如：Joh n hates be ing laughed at in public约翰不喜欢当众被嘲笑。Do you mi nd bei ng left alo ne at home.把你一个人留在家里你介意吗？My class teacher was honoured for being devoted to the cause of the education. 我的班主任因致力于教育事业受到了表彰。四、有时作主语或用在 see， hear，

4、feel 等少量感官动词后作宾语补足语 如：Bei ng lost ca n be a terrifyi ng experie nee迷路可能是一种可怕的经历。（作主 语）He heard the song being sung next doo他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。（作宾 补）Having been done和done用法的区别1.done是过去分词，having been done是现在分词完成时的被动语态。两个 都可以表示 完成+被动。”但作状语时，havingbeendone表示该动作发生在主 句动作之前；而 done 则不强调这层含义；Having been criticized

5、 by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy.（分词完成式的被动语态（having been done强调分词动作先于谓语动词）Killed, she couldnt stop her blood from going chilled.Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.（过去分词也表示被动，但没有强调动作先后的含义）2.done可作定语而 having been done 般不作定语。The concert

6、given by the symphony orchesta was a great success.They are problems left over by history.完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如：我们一般不说：The girl having won the race is my deskmate.而常这样说：The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.但非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限 制。如：Anyone hav ing passed the test has got a

7、prizes 何通过考试的人都能得至 U份 奖品。Charlie, hav ing lived in Paris for years, decided to return to Lon dor在 巴黎呆 过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。The man, hav ing bee n disturbed sobadly, almostlost hismemory由 于被严重困 扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。 （The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almostlost his memory.）3.如果分词是短暂动词，那么该分词完成式所表示的动作往往是在谓语动作

8、之前发生过多次，请看例句：（1）Havingbeenbittentwice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechain ed our dog up.xx 点睛：分词完成式 havingbeenbitten 在谓语动作 refused 之前已经重复过两次，即 分词完成式用于短暂动作时往往会体现出重复性的特点。过去分词的用法一、动词的 -ed 形式的特征A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成动词的 -ed 形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词 的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。1.

9、规则动词的 -ed 形式limit t limited 限制） pretend 宀 pretende（假装）escape 宀 escaped逃 脱） provide tprovided （提供）refer treferred （提交）drag tdragged （拖） pray t prayed（祈祷）supply t supplied供应）2.不规则动词的 -ed 形式cast t cast投掷）spread 宀 spread传播）bite 宀 bitten（ 咬）forgive tforgiven原谅）spit tspat吐） weartworn （穿）fight t fought搏斗）l

10、ose t lost丢失）3少数动词的 -ed 形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同lear neda lear ned professor 一位知识渊博的教授ageda n aged man 老人B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式动词的 -ed 形式的否定形式是由 not 或 never 加动词的 -ed 形式构成。Not allowed to go i n, he had to wait outside.不允许他进去，他只好在外面等 着。Never in vited to his party, she got angry with him.从未被邀请过去他的聚会， 她很生气。C.动词的-ed形

11、式的特征动词的 -ed 形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。1.动词的 -ed 形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的 -ed 形式外，动词的 -ed 形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。Born and brought up in the coun tryside, he was in terested in biology .由于在农 村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。One of the glasses was found broken有 人发现其中一个杯子破了。The books, writte n by Lu Xun, are popular with many C

12、hin ese people鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多 xx 人的喜爱2及物动词的 -ed 形式一般表示被动的意思。Give n more time, I could have solved that riddle.要是有充足的时间，我就能猜 出那个谜语。（句子的主语I和动词give之间是被动关系。）When you speak En glish, be sure to make yourself un derstood尔说英语的时 候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。（动词 make 的宾语 yourself 和宾语补足语 understand 之间是被动关系。）The experie nee ga

13、ined in the army was of great value to our study在 军队获得 的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。3不及物动词的 -ed 形式只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。an escaped prisoner逃犯（二 a prisoner who has escapeda retired worker 退休工人（ = a worker who has retired）a newly arrived guest 新来的客人（二 a guest who has just arrivedWeshouldbringinadvancedtechnologyfromdev

14、elopedcountriesfromtimetotime. 我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。People should pay atte ntio n to the cha nged situatio n.人们应该注意至 U变化了 的形势。二、动词的 -ed 形式的用法动词的 -ed 形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语、状 语和补语。A.动词的-ed形式作表语1-ed 形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。The stude nts are fully prepared学生们已做好了充分的准备。When we got there, the shop was clos

15、ed我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。She felt satisfied with her performa nee on the high-a nd-low bars.她对自己在高 低杠上的表现感到很满意。The land rema ined un exploited.这片土地尚未开发。Heari ng the n ews, he looked disappoi nted听到这个消息，他看起来非常失 望。The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the ye a r .山顶上终年 积雪覆盖。比较：要把-ed形式作表语和被动

16、语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被 动语态中的 -ed 形式表示被动动作。All the doors are locked.所有的门都是锁着的。（-ed形式作表语，表示状 态）All the doors were locked by the guard所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。（被动语 态，表示动作）Peter the Great is buried here彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。（-ed形式作表语， 表示状态Peter the Great was buried here in1725.彼得大帝于 1725 年被埋葬在这里。（被动语态，表示动作）2.同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作

17、表语时的区别。动词的 -ed 形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动 的意思，而 -ing 形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。They were frighte ned to hear the frighte ning sound.他们听至 U那可怕的声音很 害怕。At the sight of the movi ng see ne, all the people prese nt were moved 看至 U这么 动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动了。提示：上述动词的-ed 形式，有的(如 pleased, tired, excited, disappointe

18、d等)已 经变成形容词，可以被 very, too 等副词修饰。有的(如 amused, puzzled, relaxed 等)还不能被 very, too 修饰，只能被 much 修饰。These problems are very puzzli ng这些问题很令人迷惑。We are much puzzled by hisfailure toreply他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其 解。His speech was very movi ng他的演讲非常感人。All the people prese nt were moved to tears .在场的所有人都被感动得流泪 了。B.动词的-e

19、d形式作宾语补足语当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词的 - ed 形式作宾语的补足语。1 .在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。I heard the Ni nth Sympho ny played last n ight 昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。We found all the rivers seriously polluted .我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染 了。Yesterday I no ticed a little girl caught steali ng in the shop昨 天我

20、在商店里注意 至一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。He felt his collar pulled by someo ne from behind.他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉 了一下。2.在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。 动词的 -ed 形式作 get 的宾语补足语。Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。 比较：动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主 动关系。I couldn誸get the car to start this

21、morning.今早我无法把汽车发动起来。He got his sister to help him with his clothes 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。It is not hard to get him talk ing; the problem is stopp ing him!让他说话不难，难 的是说开了止不住他。Can you really get that old clock goi ng again你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来 吗？ 动词的-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。He raised his voice in order to make himself heard他 提高了

22、嗓门为了使别人听 清他的讲话。You should make your views known to the public 你应该让公众知道你的观 点。动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式，但 不可用动词的 -ing 形式。【误】 Can you make the students understanding the text【正】Can you make the students understand the text你能让学生理解这篇课 文吗？【正】Can you make the text understood by the students你能让学生理解

23、这 篇课文吗？ 动词的-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。They all went home, leavi ng all the work undone 所有的工作都没完成，他们 就回家了。The detective and his assista nt kept themselves locked in the room all ni gh侦 探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。3.动词的-ed形式也可用在with (without)结构中，作介词的宾语补足 语。With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之

24、后，他离开 了办公室。e back with her backpack filled with in terest ing picture-books.她已经回来了， 背包里塞满了有趣的图书。Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里没有粮 食，小女孩只好出去讨饭。Without any more time given, we couldnt finish the task in three weeks. 如果不 再给我们任何时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。4.某些动词后(如 wan

25、t, need, prefer, would like 等)，作宾语补足语的不 定式被动形式省略“to be, ”就成了 -ed形式作宾语补足语。I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望这事立即得到解 决。Id prefer this book tra nslated by my sister.我情愿让我妹妹来翻译这本书。Weneedthework(tobe)finishedbySaturday. 我们需要这项工作周六之前完成。The peasa nts dont want good farmla nd (to be)

26、built on.农民们不想让好好的农 田被用来建造房子。C.动词的-ed形式作定语动词的 -ed 形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。1前置定语单个的动词的 -ed 形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。A watched pot n ever boils .心急锅不开。All the broke n doors and win dows have bee n repaired 所有的坏门窗都修好 了。When we arrived, we each were give n a prin ted questi on paper 我们至 U达的时 候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。

27、提示：如要表示强调，单个动词 -ed 形式也可作后置定语。Money spe nt is more tha n money earned.入不敷出。2后置定语作后置定语的 -ed 形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个 定语从句。We have read many no vels writte n by this author.我们读过这个作家写的许多 小说。( = that are written by this author)Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors

28、. 被邀请至招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。(=whohadbeeninvitedtothereception )A woma n, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge.个律师 装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。 (= who was dressed like a lawyer)3动词的 -ed 形式作定语和 -ing 形式作定语的区别动词的 -ed 形式作定语表示动作已完成或和被动，而 -ing 形式作定语表示动 作正在进行或和主动。the risen sun 升起了的太阳 the rising sun 正在

29、升起的太阳boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家fallen leaves 落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子changed condition 改变了的情况 changing condition 变化着的情况D.动词的-ed形式作状语动词的-ed形式作状语和-ing形式作状语一样，也 可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1.表示时间动词的 -ed 形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Seen from the tower,

30、 the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看，城市显得很美 丽。( = When the city is seen from the tower.)Show n the lab, we were taken to see the library 带我们参观了实验室之后，又 带我们参观了图书馆。( = After we had been shown the lab.)有时动词的 -ed 形式前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念。When asked why she was late for class aga in, she hung her head in

31、 sham当被 问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地 干起了工作。Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time一 旦给这钟上 了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。2.表示原因动词的-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句Moved by the heroic deeds, the childre n could nt help crying.孩子们被英雄事 迹感动，情不自禁地哭

32、了起来。( = Since they were moved by the heroic deeds .)Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read.因为写得快，她的信很难 阅读。(=As it was written in haste .)Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate我 们因为新 发现而激动万分，决定出去庆祝一下。 (Because we were excited by.)为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的 连词。Eve n if in vi