英汉翻译心理学术语.docx

1、英汉翻译心理学术语感觉记忆(SM)sensory memory短期记忆(STM)short-term M。长期记忆(LTM)long-term memory复诵rehearsal预示(激发)priming童年失忆症childhood amnesia视觉编码(表征)visual code(representation)听觉编码acoustic code运作记忆working memory语意性知识semantic knowledge记忆扫瞄程序memory scanning procedure竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P。自我终止式扫瞄self-terminated S。程序性知

2、识procedural knowledge命题(陈述)性知识propositional(declarative)knowledge情节(轶事)性知识episodic K。讯息处理深度depth of processing精致化处理elaboration登录特殊性coding specificity记忆术mnemonic位置记忆法method of loci字钩法peg word(线)探索(测)(激发)字prime关键词key word命题思考propositional thought心像思考imaginal thought行动思考motoric thought概念concept原型protot

3、ype属性property特征feature范例策略exemplar strategy语言相对性(假说)linguistic relativity th。音素phoneme词素morpheme(字词的)外延与内涵意义denotative & connotative meaning(句子的)表层与深层结构surface & deep structure语意分析法semantic differential全句语言holophrastic speech过度延伸over-extension电报式语言telegraphic speech关键期critical period差异减缩法difference

4、reduction方法目的分析means-ends analysis倒推working backward动机motive自由意志free will决定论determinism本能instinct种属特有行为species specific驱力drive诱因incentive驱力减低说drive reduction th。恒定状态(作用)homeostasis原级与次级动机primary & secondary M。功能独立functional autonomy下视丘侧部(LH)lateral hypothalamus脂肪细胞说fat-cell theory。下视丘腹中部(VMH)ventrom

5、edial H定点论set point th。CCK胆囊调节激素第一性征primary sex characteristic第二性征secondary sex characteristic自我效能期望self-efficiency expectancy内在(发)动机intrinsic motive外在(衍)动机extrinsic motive成就需求N. achievement需求层级hierarchy of needs自我实现self actualization冲突conflict多项仪polygraph肤电反应GSR(认知)评估(cognitive appraisal)脸部回馈假说faci

6、al feedback hypothesis(生理)激发arousal挫折-攻击假说frustration-aggression hy。替代学习vicarious learning发展development先天nature后天nurture成熟maturation(视觉)偏好法preferential method习惯法habituation视觉悬崖visual cliff剥夺或丰富(环境)deprivation or enrichment of env。基模schema同化assimilation调适accommodation平衡equilibrium感觉动作期sensorimotor st

7、age物体永久性objective permanence运思前期preoperational st。保留概念conservation道德现实主义moral realism具体运思期concrete operational形式运思期formal operational st。前俗例道德pre-conventional moral俗例道德conventional moral超俗例道德post-conventional moral气质temperament依附attachment性别认定gender identity性别配合sex typing性蕾期phallic stage恋亲冲突Oedipal

8、conflict认同identification社会学习social learning情结complex性别恒定gender constancy青年期adolescence青春期 -puberty第二性征secondary sex characteristics认同危机identity crisis定向统合identity achievement早闭型统合foreclosure未定型统合moratorium迷失型统合identity diffusion传承generativity心理动力psycho-dynamics心理分析psychoanalysis行为论behaviorism心理生物观ps

9、ycho-biological perspective认知cognition临床心理学家-clinical psychologist谘商counseling人因工程human factor engineering组织organization潜意识unconsciousness完形心理学Gestalt psychology感觉sensation知觉perception实验法experimental method独变项independent variable依变项dependent V。控制变项control V。生理physiology条件化conditioning学习learning比较心理学

10、comparative psy。发展development社会心理学social psy。人格personality心理计量学psychometrics受试(者)subject实验者预期效应experimenter expectancy effect双盲法doubleblind实地实验field experiment相关correlation调查survey访谈interview个案研究case study观察observation心理测验psychological test纹理递变度texture gradient注意attention物体的组群grouping of object型态辨识p

11、attern recognition形象-背景figure-ground接近律proximity相似律similarity闭合律closure连续律continuity对称律symmetry错觉illusion幻觉delusion恒常性constancy大小size形状shape位置 location单眼线索monocular cue线性透视linear- perspective双眼线索binocular cue深度depth调节作用accommodation重迭superposition双眼融合binocular fusion辐辏作用convergence双眼像差binocular disp

12、arity向度 dimension自动效应autokinetic effect运动视差motion parallax诱发运动induced motion闪光运动stroboscopic motion上下文脉络context人工智能artificial intelligence A.I。脉络关系作用-context effect模板匹配template matching整合分析法analysis-by-synthesis丰富性redundancy选择性selective无意识的推论-unconscious inferences运动后效motion aftereffect特征侦测器feature

13、detector节省分数savings外显与内隐记忆explicit & implicit memory记忆广度memory span组集chunk序列位置效应serial position effect起始效应primacy effect新近效应recency effect心(情)境依赖学习state-dependent L。无意义音节nonsense syllable顺向干扰proactive interference逆向干扰retroactive interference闪光灯记忆flashbulb memory动机性遗忘motivated forgetting器质性失忆症organic

14、 amnesia阿兹海默症Alzheimers disease近事(顺向)失忆症anterograde amnesia旧事(逆向)失忆retrograde A。高沙可夫症候群korsakoffs syndrome凝固理论consolidation激发性excitatory抑制性inhibitory几何子geons由上而下处理up-down process由下而上处理bottom-up process连结者模式connectionist model联结失识症associative agnosia脸孔辨识困难症prosopagnosia意识conscious(ness)意识改变状态altered

15、states of consciousness无意识unconsciousness前意识preconsciousness内省法introspection边缘注意peripheral attention多重人格multiple personality午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应lunch line(cocktail party) effect自动化历程automatic process解离dissociate解离认同失常dissociative identity disorder快速眼动睡眠REM dream非快速眼动睡眠NREM dream神志清醒的梦lucid dreaming失眠insomni

16、a显性与隐性梦manifest & latern content心理活动性psychoactive冥想meditation抗药性tolerance戒断withdrawal感觉剥夺sensory deprivation物质滥用substance abuse成瘾physical addiction物质依赖sub. dependence戒断症状withdrawal symptom兴奋剂stimulant幻觉(迷幻)剂hallucinogen镇定剂sedative抑制剂depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄delirium tremens麻醉剂narcotic催眠hypnosis催眠后暗示posthyp

17、notic suggestion催眠后失忆posthypnotic amnesia超心理学parapsychology超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP心电感应telepathy超感视clairvoyance预知precognition心理动力psycokinesis PK受纳器receptor绝对阈absolute threshold差异阈difference threshold恰辨差-JND韦伯律Webers law心理物理psychophysical费雪纳定律Fechners law频率frequency振幅amplitude音频pitch基音fundamen

18、tal tone倍音overtone和谐音harmonic音色timbre白色噪音white noise鼓膜eardrum耳蜗cochlea卵形窗oval window圆形窗round window前庭vestibular sacs半规管semicircular canals角膜cornea水晶体lens虹膜iris瞳孔pupil网膜retina睫状肌ciliary muscle调节作用accommodation脊髓spinal cord反射弧reflex arc脑干brain stem计算机轴性线断层扫描CAT或CTPET正子放射断层摄影MRI磁共振显影延脑medulla桥脑pons小脑ce

19、rebellum网状结构reticular formationRAS网状活化系统视丘thalamus下视丘hypothalamus大脑cerebrum脑(下)垂体(腺)pituitary gland脑半球cerebral hemisphere皮质cortex胼胝体corpus callosum边缘系统limbic system海马体hippocampus杏仁核amygdala中央沟central fissure侧沟lateral fissure脑叶lobe同卵双生子identical twins异卵双生子fraternal twins古典制约classical conditioning操作制约

20、operant conditioning非制约刺激(US unconditioned stimulus非制约反应(UR)unconditioned R。制约刺激(CS)conditioned S。制约反应(CR)conditioned R。习(获)得acquisition增强作用reinforcement消除(弱)extinction自(发性)然恢复spontaneous recovery前行制约forward conditioning同时制约simultaneous conditioning回溯制约backward cond。痕迹制约trace conditioning延宕制约delay c

21、onditioning类化(梯度)generalization(gradient)区辨discrimination(次级)增强物(secondary)reinforcer嫌恶刺激aversive stimulus试误学习trial and error learning效果率law of effect正(负)性增强物positive(negative)rei。行为塑造behavior shaping循序渐进successive approximation自行塑造autoshaping部分(连续)增强partial(continuous)R定比(时)时制fixed ratio(interval)s

22、chedule FR或FI变化比率(时距)时制variable ratio(interval)schedule VR或VI逃离反应escape R。回避反应avoidance response习得无助learned helplessness顿悟insight学习心向learning set隐内(潜在)学习latent learning认知地图cognitive map生理回馈biofeedback敏感递减法-systematic desensitization普里迈克原则Premacks principle洪水法flooding观察学习observational learning动物行为学ethology敏感化sensitization习惯化habituation联结association认知学习cognitional L。观察学习observational L。登录编码encoding保留储存retention提取retrieval回忆(free recall全现心像照相式记忆eidetic imageryphotographic memory 。舌尖现象(TOT)tip of tongue再认recognition再学习relearning