考研英语一真题及答案范文.docx

1、考研英语一真题及答案范文Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We s

2、uddenly cant remember _1_ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintances name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain _2_, we refer to these occurrences as senior moments. _3_ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) _4_ impact on our pro

3、fessional, social, and personal _5_.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that theres actually a lot that can be done. It _6_ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental _7_ can significantly improve our basic

4、cognitive _8_. Thinking is essentially a _9_ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to _10_ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. _11_, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can exp

5、and and fluctuate _12_ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step _13_ and developed the first brain training program designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental _14_.The Web-based program _15_ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. T

6、he program keeps _16_ of your progress and provides detailed feedback _17_ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it _18_modifies and enhances the games you play to _19_ on the strengths you are developingmuch like a(n) _20_exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary y

7、our muscle use.1. Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhy2. Aimproves Bfades Crecovers Dcollapses3. AIf BUnless COnce DWhile4. Auneven Blimited Cdamaging Dobscure5. Awellbeing Benvironment Crelationship Doutlook6. Aturns Bfinds Cpoints Dfigures7. Aroundabouts Bresponses Cworkouts Dassociations8. Agenre Bfunctions C

8、circumstances Dcriterion9. Achannel Bcondition Csequence Dprocess10. Apersist Bbelieve Cexcel Dfeature11. A Therefore B Moreover C Otherwise D However12. Aaccording to Bregardless of Capart from Dinstead of13. Aback Bfurther Caside Daround14. Asharpness Bstability Cframework Dflexibility15. Aforces

9、Breminds Churries Dallows16. Ahold Btrack Corder Dpace17. Ato Bwith Cfor Don18. Airregularly Bhabitually Cconstantly Dunusually19. Acarry Bput Cbuild Dtake20. Arisky Beffective Cidle DfamiliarSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each

10、 text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to change lives for the better and reduce dependency George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the upfront work search scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, registe

11、r for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseekers allowance. Those first few days

12、 should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on. he claimed. Were doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster. Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for th

13、e better, complete with reforms to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for fundamental fairness protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring

14、 that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know t

15、hat support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself an

16、d your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency permanent dependency if you can get it supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is a

17、s though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase j

18、obseekers allowance invented in 1996 is about redefining the unemployed as a jobseeker who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited allowance, conditional on actively seeking a job; no enti

19、tlement and no insurance, at 71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osbornes scheme was intended toAprovide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.Bencourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking.Cmotivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.Dguarantee jobseekers

20、legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase, to sign on (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably meansAto check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.Bto accept the governments restrictions on the allowance.Cto register for an allowance from the government.Dto attend a governmental job-training progra

21、m.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?AA desire to secure a better life for all.BAn eagerness to protect the unemployed.CAn urge to be generous to the claimants.DA passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feelAuneasyBenraged

22、.Cinsulted.Dguilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?AThe British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness.BOsbornes reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.CThe jobseekers allowance has met their actual needs.DUnemployment benefits should not be made conditi

23、onal.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other professionwith the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal serv

24、ices in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly

25、nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar A

26、ssociation and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves todays average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming t

27、he system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students

28、sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed todo so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high

29、is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insi

30、st that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ pro

31、fessional managers to focus on improving firms efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due toAthe growing demand from clients.Bthe increasing pressure of inflation.Cthe prospect of working in big firms.Dthe