浙江专用版高考总复习第1部分 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars.docx

1、浙江专用版高考总复习第1部分 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars1fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的2chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链3dissolve vt.& vi. 溶解；解散4acid n. 酸5multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加6gravity n. 万有引力；重力7extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的8exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽9satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星10spaceship n. 宇宙飞船1atmosphere n. 大气层； 气氛2solar adj. 太阳的；日光

2、的3thus adv. 因此；于是4gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的5climate n. 气候6crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落7pull n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力8float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物9system n. 系统；体系；制度10theory n. 学说；理论1globe n球体； 地球仪； 地球global adj.全球性的； 全世界的2violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地3unlike prep.与不同；不像like vt.喜欢 prep.像dis

3、like vt.不喜欢；讨厌likely adj.可能的4harmful adj.有害的harm n& vt.伤害harmless adj.无害的5exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存6puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n谜；难题puzzled adj.感到困惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的7religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的8biology n生物学biologist n生物学家9reaction n反应；回应react v反应 用所给词的适当形式填空1There was a puzz

4、led look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle) 2Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent) 3Playing computer games will not only do harm to your phys

5、ical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)1in_time 及时； 终于2lay_eggs 下蛋3give_birth_to 产生； 分娩4in_ones_turn 轮到某人5prevent.from 阻止； 制止6block_out 挡住(光线)7cheer_up 感到高兴； 感到振奋8now_that 既然9break_out 突发； 爆发10watch_out_for 密切注意； 当心； 提防11do_h

6、arm_to. 对有害 选用上面的短语填空1The government took immediate measures and the disease was prevented_from spreading.2Please tell me when Mr. Smith is arriving at the train station so that I can pick him up in_time3At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke_out at ten this mornin

7、g.4Mum, you had me do the cleaning yesterday, so today Tom, in_his_turn,_should do the washing!5To ensure good sleep, she bought a heavy curtain to block_out the light.6When the Chinese women volleyball team turned up, all the fans cheered_upun前缀高频形容词集锦unlike 不像的unfair 不公平的unimportant 不重要的unusual 不寻

8、常的unhappy 不幸福的unfortunate 不幸运的以ful 结尾的形容词harmful 有害的useful 有用的helpful 有帮助的powerful 强大的careful 小心的表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃watch out (for) 小心；当心look out 当心take care 小心be careful 小心“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达 阻止某人做某事 禁止某人做某事 1be to do结构表示不可避免将要发生的事They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and o

9、ther gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.2“make itadj.to do sth.” 结构This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.3“倍数as.as” 句型But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.4now that引导的原因状语从句.walking does n

10、eed a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 句式仿写1那时人们并不知道他们的所作所为会让地球变暖。 At that time people didnt know what they did was_to_make the earth warm.2无论他在哪里，早饭前散散步成为他的习惯。No matter where he is, he makes_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walk before breakfast.3李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。 Li Mings mobile phone loo

11、ked just the same as Zhang Huas, but it cost twice_as_much_as his. 4既然你精通英语，你就可以申请这份工作。 Now_that_you_have_a_good_command_of_English,_you can apply for the job.harmfuladj.有害的(经典例句)Littering and scribbling are harmful to the image of our school.乱丢垃圾，乱涂乱画损害了我们学校的形象。(1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害 对某人

12、有害 做某事没有坏处。 These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.目前，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。基础练习单句语法填空(1)As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful(harm) to ones health.(2)As far as Im concerned, there is no harm in making an

13、 apology to him first.能力提升一句多译(3)有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度， 这对他们的健康非常有害。 Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which_is_very_harmful_to_their_health(定语从句)Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, and it_does_great_harm_to_their_healthexistvi.存在； 生存(教材P26)They laid

14、 eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也下蛋， 在地球上生存了超过一亿四千万年。 (1)exist in. 存在于之中exist on. 靠为生There exists. 某地有； 存在(2)existence n. 存在； 生存come into existence 产生； 成立； 开始存在(3)existing adj. 现存的； 现行的 As is known to us, there exists a generation gap between the young and the ol

15、d.众所周知， 青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。 You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he is earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。 exist是不及物动词， 没有被动语态， 也不用于进行时态。 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist)(2)We have no money to buy advanced machin

16、es, so we should make a better use of the existing(exist) old ones.(3)There exists a wide range of different opinions among the committee members.puzzlevt.(使)迷惑； (使)为难； (使)窘困； 感到迷惑n(游戏的)猜谜； 难题； 谜(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源

17、是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。 (1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的 事情(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的(4)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解 The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。 Where the missing plane has gone still remains a pu

18、zzle to us.失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)(2)What puzzles(puzzle) you is actually a puzzle to many parents in China.(3)She lost heart since she failed in the exam, because her future was

19、 puzzling(puzzle)in time及时； 终于， 总有一天(经典例句)We reached on the top of Mount Tai, just in time to enjoy the rising sun.我们到达了泰山顶，正好赶上欣赏日出。(1)in no time 立刻； 马上at no time 决不(位于句首时， 句子 须用部分倒装结构)at a time 每次； 一次at one time 曾经； 一度at the same time 同时from time to time 有时； 偶尔(2)take ones time 别着急； 慢慢来kill time 消

20、磨时间Youll succeed in time because you are always studying hard.你一直努力学习，迟早会成功的。 (2016全国卷)At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.曾经我甚至感到我父母不理解我，我希望我能自由。基础练习用time的相关短语填空(1)If we dont hurry up, we wont be in_time to catch the train.(2)Luckily, I qui

21、ckly adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in_no_time(3)At_one_time,_half the land on the earths surface was covered by forest.能力提升完成句子/词汇升级(4)(山东卷书面表达)常言道：“有志者事竟成”， 我们的努力迟早会有所回报。 As the old saying goes，“Where there is a will, there is a way.”Our efforts will pay off soon

22、er_or_laterAs the old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in_timein ones turn轮到某人； 接着(经典例句)When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时， 我激动得都说不出话来了。 in turn 依次； 轮流； 反之； 反过来by turns 轮流； 交替地take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人

23、做某事。Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。I think its my turn to drive the kids to school this week.我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。基础练习单句语法填空(1)At the meeting they took turns to_put(put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.(2)The

24、 two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.能力提升完成句子/句式升级(3)人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。普通表达：People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn_creates_more_problems高级表达：People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，w

25、hich_in_turn_creates_more_problems(定语从句)cheer up(使)高兴； (使)振奋； 感到高兴； 感到振奋(经典例句)I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 我真心希望她能振作起来， 勇敢地接受生活的挑战！ (1)cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励； 为某人加油cheer for 为而欢呼(2)Cheers! 口语(用于祝酒)干杯！ The moment Sun Yang, a famous athlete

26、 turned up, all the audience cheered up.著名的运动员孙杨一出现，所有的观众都振奋起来。 (2016天津卷)Cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.凯西没有期待任何奖项，但仍然在那里为朋友的成就鼓劲加油。巧学活用完成句子/词汇升级当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。(1)低频词汇：When Im feeling sad, my mother tells me funny

27、stories to make_me_happy(2)高频词汇：When Im feeling depressed,_my mother tells me funny stories to cheer_me_upfundamentaladj.根本的；基本的；基础的；必不可少的be fundamental to. 是的基础 完成句子(1)Some experts think reading is the_fundamental_skill(基本技能) upon which school education depends.(2)As we know, hard work is_fundament

28、al_to_success(是成功的基础)pulln& vt.拉(力); 拖； 牵引力pull down 拆毁； 摧毁pull in (车辆)进站停靠； 靠边停靠pull out 驶出； 拉出， 拔出pull through 康复； 痊愈pull up (使)停住 单句语法填空(1)They are pulling down those houses to make room for a new hotel.(2)Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not.(3)We waved as the train p

29、ulled out of the station.watch out for密切注视；当心；提防(1)watch over 照看；看守(2)keep a watch on 监视； 密切注视be on the watch (for) 提防，警惕，当心 单句语法填空(1)Youll catch cold if you dont watch out；you need a warmer coat than that.(2)Will you watch over my clothes while I have a swim?(3)Please keep a close watch on the children while they are in the pool.(教材P31)But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时， 我发觉我被送出去很远， 步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍， 因而我摔倒了。 twice as far as.是一种倍数的表示方法， 意为“是的两倍远” 。 as far as.“远到” 。 英语里常见的倍数表达法有： (1)Ab