大学英语AB级重点语法结构.docx

1、大学英语AB级重点语法结构大学英语A/B级重点语法结构一、时态与语态 二、情态动词 三、动词不定式四、分词（分词作状语，分词的独立结构，分词短语作定语和补语，with结构，动名词）五、定语从句 六、状语从句 七、虚拟语气八、主谓一致 九、倒装句 十、强调句十一、反义疑问句 十二、代词 十三、形容词和副词一、 时态与语态考察重点：过去完成时：常和before, after, until, when 等引导的时间状语从句连用，其谓语动作一般表示过去。（by the time/the end of ）+ 表示过去时间的短语或句子。hardly/scarcely +过去完成时+when+过去时；no

2、sooner + 过去完成时 + than + 过去时 现在完成时和现在完成进行时状语词组：this day (week, month, year), so far, for some time, up to now, up to the present, all this year 等。 将来完成时：常和before, until , when, after 等词连用，其谓语动作一般表示将来。by (the time/end of )+表示将来的时间或句子。1) By the end of this month, we surely _a satisfactory solution to t

3、he problem.A. have found B. will be finding C. will have found D. are finding2) It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it high. A. have leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking3) the conference _ a full week by the time it ends.A. must have

4、lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted4) Until then, _ his family from him for six months.A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearing C. hasnt heard D. hadnt heard二、 情态动词情态动词测试重点： should (ought to) +have +p.p. （应该发生而没有发生的事情） might(could)+have +p.p. （过去可能发生而没有发生的事情） must+have +p.p. (对过去事件的推论)

5、 只用于肯定句。否定句用cant , can.1) The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned.A. cant have been B. shouldnt have beenB. mustnt have been D. wouldnt have been2) With all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night.A. mustnt go B. wouldnt go C. oughtnt go D. shouldnt have gone 三、 动词不定式考察重点：不定式的完成式，进行式和被

6、动式。1） Mrs. Brown is supposed _ for Italy last week.A. to have left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have been left2) Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem_ all the time.A. to get worse B. getting worse C. to have got worse D. to be getting worse3) This book is said _ into dozens

7、of languages in the last decade.A. to have been translated B. to translate C. to be translated D. to have translated四、 分词（现在分词和过去分词）(一) 分词作状语当分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语保持一致，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步和伴随。现在分词和主句中的主语有主动关系，过去分词和主句中的主语有被动关系。1） Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _.A. scolding B. to scold C. h

8、aving scolded D. scolded 2) _ such a good chance, he planed to learn more.A. To be given B. Having been given C. Having given D. Giving3） Heated，water changes into steam. (时间状语)当受热时，水就变成了蒸汽。4） Not knowing how to deal with the problem, I turned to the teacher for help. （原因）由于不知道如何处理这个问题，我向老师求助。5） Bei

9、ng ill, the girl still came to class yesterday. （让步）虽然病了，这个女孩仍然来上课了。6）His father died, leaving his son nothing. （结果）他父亲死了，给他的儿子什么都没留下。（二）分词的独立结构当分词短语作作状语时，其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语不一致，分词短语前需带其本身的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立结构，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等。1）His voice _，he said he was too upset to say any more A）shake B）be shaking C）was sha

10、king D）shaking 2）Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。3） More time given, we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。4） Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。（时间）5）The condition being favorable, he may succeed.（条件）若条件有利，他或许能成功。6）There being no taxis,

11、 we had to walk.（表示原因）没有出租车，我们只好步行。7）Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. （伴随情况）几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体(三） 分词短语作定语和宾补1）The manager promised to keep me _ of how our business was going on. A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing2) The first text book _

12、 for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. written B. to be written C. writing D. being written 3) The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.( 前置定语-被动意义)4) They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. （完成意义）5) Who were the so-called gu

13、ests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? （后置定语）6) Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise（四）With+名词 （代词）+ V-ed/ V-ing1).John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishingC. having finished D. was finis

14、hed2). I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes onC. went on D. to go on(五) 动名词考察重点只跟动名词的动词：risk, finish, miss, mind, avoid, dislike, enjoy, practice, admit, hate, escape, appreciate, consider, deny , fancy, favor, delay, suggest, imagine, mention, postpone, excuse, involve

15、, confess, include, acknowledge, understand,To作介词后面接ing分词常见几个词组：be accustomed to, be used to doing, devote oneself to doing object to, look forward to状语从句1)They are considering _ before the prices go up.A. of buying the house B. with buying the houseC. buying the house D. to buy the house2) its no u

16、se _ me not to worry.A. you tell B. your telling C. for you to have told D. having tolddifficultytroublehave a good/hard time (in) +v-ingno businessplease (六) 定语从句考察重点： that, as, when, where, which, whose 引导的定语从句 名词/代词/数词/形容词比较级和最高级+of +which /whom 介词 + which/whose/whom1) A child _ parents are dead

17、is called an orphan.A. who B. whos C. whose D. which2) The train _ she was traveling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that3) Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult.A. which B. it C. what D. that4) He has two sons, _ work as chemists.A. two of whom B. both of wh

18、om C. both of which D. all of whom5) _ might be expected, the response to the question was vey mixed.A. As B. That C. It D. What(七) 状语从句考察重点：1）时间状语从句的名词词组：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant2) 原因状语从句的连词：as, seeing that (), in that, considering that, for the reason th

19、at, now that, given that, because, since, as, for3) 目的状语从句：lest, in case, in order that, for fear that, for the purpose that4) 条件状语从句：as/so long as, unless，only if, providing/provided that（假若）, suppose that, in case that, on condition that， assuming that， （假定），suppose/supposing that （假使）5）比较状语从句：the

20、 more the more, than（不同程度的比较） , as(同级比较)6）让步状语从句：though, although, even if, even though，as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装), while ( 一般用在句首 ), no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, etc. 1). We wont give up _we should fail ten times. A. even if B. since C. whether D. until2) We had hardly got to the

21、 station _it began no rain.A. until B. since C. while D. when3) . Father was _busy in working _he often forgot rest or meals.A. very, that B. so, that C. such, as D. enough, as4) . He always thinks Im wrong, _I may say.A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what D. that5) Not until I began to work _ho

22、w much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C.I didnt realize D. I realized(八) 虚拟语气 在下列表示具有请求、建议、愿望、命令等主观意向的动词、形容词、名词、过去分词等之后的从句中，需用虚拟语气。形式是“should+动词原形”或者省去“should”, 直接用动词原形。1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句常用动词有：一个坚持（insist）；两个命令（order, command）；四项要求（demand, desire, require, request）；四条建议（advise, sug

23、gest, propose, recommend）。1）The guard at the gate insisted that everyone _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 2） He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用专机来运送药品。2. 用于主语从句常用形容词：necessary, important, essential, desirable, advisable, imperative(迫切的), ur

24、gent, preferable, vital, insistent, crucial（紧要关头）, strange（不可思议的）常用的分词：suggested, proposed, demanded, required, requested，desired, ordered, recommended, insisted, asked, resolved等1)、It is vital that enough money_ to fund the project.A)be collected B)must be collectedC)is collected D)can be collected

25、2)、It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.A)is not started B)will not be startedC)is not to be started D)not be started3. 虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句常见的名词有：suggestion, advise, proposal, order, decision, request, requirement, necessity, desire, demand, idea, motion, neces

26、sity, insistence, instruction, plan, preference, recommendation, resolution1) My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other group. 我的建议是我们派几个人去帮相别的小组。2) This was his order that we stay where we were.4 虚拟语气用于状语从句1）_ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a won

27、derful dinner party.A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive2) The tree looked as if it _for a long time.A. hasnt watered B. didnt water C. hadnt been watered D. wasnt watered5 虚拟语气的其它用法1）It is (high, about) time句型，表示“早该干某事而已有些晚了”。If only 引起的感叹句，表示“但愿，该。就

28、搞了”。1） Its time _ about the traffic problem downtown.A. something was done B. anything will be doneC. everything is done D. nothing to be done2) Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I _ your advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed2) 条件暗含在with, without, but for, o

29、r , otherwise, except for , under the condition, in the position of 等介词短语中，谓语一般要用should+动词原形或省略should, 直接用动词原形。1）_ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In spite of B. In case of C. But for D. Because of 2) We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we _ him.A. would h

30、ave telephoned B. must have telephonedC. would telephone D. had telephoned3) He must have had an accident, or he _ then.A. would have been here B. had to be hereC. should be here D. would be here 3. lest, for fear that, in order that, in case 引导目的状语从句。1） The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell (软垫小室) lest he _ himself. （A）A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure4. wish, would rather/sooner/as soon后的宾语从句。Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. shouldnt九、主谓一致重点：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 如果主语为单数而后面