自考英语二重点语法复习笔记docx.docx

1、自考英语二重点语法复习笔记docx虚拟语气是把作者想陈述的动作当成一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客 观现象中真实事件。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。该语法现象应用在非真实条件中， 包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句和错综复杂条件句。这里所说的非真实条件句，大家便会联想到if这个词，如 果我们在句子中看到if引导的条件从句是以动词的过去式作为句子的主要谓语的话，我们就应基本设定它为 虚拟语气。如果句子中出现了 wish这个词，我们应该明白要考虚拟了。Wish如果在句子中表达的是与蛭事实相 反的结果，如果考系动词，一定要选择were;如果没有系动词，只是一个简单

2、的动词，那么我们要选择它的 过去式；第二，如果wish表达的是与过去事实相反的结果，那么我们就用had+过去分词（或would/could+ have+过去分词）；如果wish表示的是将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should （could, might） + 动词原形。看几个例子：I wish she were here.对现在的虚拟，而且出现系动词了，用were.I wish she had taken my advice.从句意了解到，这个动作应该发生在过去，所以虚拟，虚拟应该用动 词的过去完成式（当然里面可能会出现被动形式had been done ）.I wish

3、you would go with us tomorrow.表达的是将来没有有把握实现的愿望，用would+ to的形式。 实战一下：A: You have made some mistakes.B:l wish I mistakes every day.A. dont make B. havent c. wouldnt have made D. didnt makeevery day足以说明对现在的虚拟，应用动词的过去式，选D。A： What would you wish to do if you were a college student again?B: Thafs very hard

4、 to say, but I wish IA. have not studied psychology B. did study psychologyC. had studied psychology D. studied psychology句子中出现了 were，说明是对过去的虚拟，应用过去完成式，选C。I didnt go to the football match, but I do wish I there.A. went B. was C. were D. had been句子中出现了动词的过去式didn t go to,说明是对过去的虚拟，选择过去完成式，选D。if only在虚

5、拟语气中的解题技巧它表示的是“要是就好了” O从这种翻译的语意当中我们可以体会到：说话人是出于一种愿望或遗憾/ 后悔的心情。这就需要用虚拟的情况，如果它是对现在没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面考点一定要用动词的过 去式，如果表示对过去没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面的考点一定要用动词的过去完成形式（当然也会出现有 被动语态的情况，小心！）举例：If only I could speak several foreign languages!这句话明显是说话人对过去发生事情的一种遗憾心 情，证明结果并没有找到，因此我们用动词的过去完成形式。Look at the terrible situation （局面）

6、I am in ! If only I your advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed解析：从句意中我们体会到，这人的做法是没有听他的的意见。应选B （动词的过去完成式）If only I the examination!A. have passed B. pass C. will pass D. passed解析：“我要是考试能及格该多好啊！”属于有些心虚的那种感叹或祝愿。可以体会出是对现在/未来的虚拟, 选D。If only she of Aunt Ruth!（露丝）A. was not so t

7、erribly frightened （害怕） B. would be so not terribly frightenedC. will not be so terribly frightened D. were not so terribly frightened解析：虚拟语气中be的用法仅为were/should be形式，不可能出现is/was/has/will/shall等形式。排除A和C,那么if only后面 有两种动词形式可以出现：过去式和过去完成式，选择D。If only I how to operate a computer!A. learned B. would lear

8、n C. have learned D. had learned解析：排除B和C,说话人对自己不能使用计算机表示遗憾，是对过去没能掌握计算机的遗憾，选D。记牢下面这些动词，它们主要的考点是要考查你知不知道这些词一旦出现，后面要用虚拟的状态。当然，这 些动词会在句子中充当谓语，一般都会以它的过去式出现，后面都接that从句，从句中必然有一条横线，要 求你来选择或填写从句中的虚拟动词状态。我们称之为用在一些动词后面的宾语从句的虚拟考点，这些词包 M suggest （建议）,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,order,pro

9、mise,ask ,move,recommend, advise, urge, demand, instruct, direct, provide, etc,这些词汇一旦出现，我们应立即反应 出它要考我虚拟了，后面从句中的谓语动词用（should） +动词原形do （当然包括被动状态be done,这要才艮 据具体的句意来定，通常可以这样来考虑：如果横线前面是人，横线里一定要填do/be done;如果横线前面 是物,不是人，那肯定填写be done）.They requested that he sing a song0我们必须首先发现requested,看到后马上反应出后面一定是原形 动词

10、，只不过可以是主动，可能是被动。She insisted that the seats be booked in advance.首先发现 insisted.实战：The city council ordered spitting on the streets.A. was prohibited（禁止）B. is prohibited C. be prohibited D. be prohibiting解析：虽然ordered后面没有that ,被动，选C。The teacher recommended （推荐）that Jack _D_ maths or physics instead of

11、 English because he was quick at numbers.A. must study B. could study C. studied D. studyThe doctor urged （催促）that she _C an operation as early as possible.A. had B. has C. have D. would haveThe manager of the hotel requested that their guests after 11:00p.m.A. not to play loud music B. shouldnt pla

12、y loud music C. dont play loud music D couldnt loud music解析：选B, should既可以省略，也可以添加。He suggested _D _to tomorrows exhibition（展览）together.A. us to go B. we went C. we shall go D. we go一般情况下在考虚拟语气的时候，横线前面的那个词多为第三人称he/she/Jack人名等。回顾：1 .If only I D_ there.a. have not been b. would not been c. will not be

13、d. had not been解析:答案正确.这明显是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成，恭喜恭喜！2.Tom would buy that bicycle but he c no money.a. had b. has c. had had d. has had解析:这题就考虑歉佳了,首先不能考虑B和D,因为前面有would,同时它是对过去的虚拟啊，用过去完成.选C.3.I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _C there.a. was b. were c. had been d. went解析:答案正确.前面出现didrYt,说明是对过去的虚拟，用过去完

14、成.恭喜恭喜！4.It is time we B_ up our results.a. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum解析:答案正确.前面出现了熟悉的句型,It is time that,后面一定要用过去式，恭喜恭喜！5.Dr Bethune(白求恩)worked hard as if he _B.a. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired c. never felt tired d . was tired never解析:答案正确.前面出现worked,后面一定是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成.恭喜恭

15、喜！6.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I D the book from which it was made.a. have read b. should have read c. am reading d. had read解析:答案正确.从句意分析wish后是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成.况且另三个答案A,B,C从形式上都不符合虚 拟语气的要求!恭喜恭喜！7.It is strange that such a thing C in your school.a. will happen b. happens c. should happen d. h

16、appened解析:答案正确.前面出现熟悉的形容词strange,后面一定用(should)+动词原形.恭喜恭喜！8.If she could sew, B .?a. she make a dress b. she would have made a shirtc. she will make a shirt d. she would had made a coat解析:这题做得有些眼睛发花了吧!你的答案D中出现的是would had,这怎么可能呢？怎么可能是had 呢?would后面怎么着也是动词原形吧!你肯定一激动，看见了答案中有过去不可能完成事实的虚拟would have, 正确的答案应该是B.小心啊!这可是1分啊!你已经认识到了事物的本质，可决策做得