翻译课作业答案.docx

1、翻译课作业答案Synthetic (E) vs. Analytic (C) 综合语vs分析语They told me that by the end of the year they would have been working together for thirty years. Synthetic他们告诉我，到（那年）年底，他们在一起工作就有三十年了。 AnalyticDefinitions for Synthetic & Analytic LanguagesA synthetic language is “characterized by frequent and systematic

2、 use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships. EnglishAn analytic language is “characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”. ChineseFeatures of English as a Synt

3、hetic Language 综合语英语通过词汇的形态变化，表示句子丰富多采的语言关系和逻辑关系。性(gender)、数（number)、格(case)、时(tense)、体(aspect)、语态(voice)、语气(mood)、比较级(degree of comparison)、人称(person)Features of Chinese as an Analytic Language 分析语汉语基本没有形态变化，主要靠词语、词序及暗含逻辑关系来表达句子的语言意义。Translation techniques英译汉时，一般用加词或变换说法的办法来表示。汉译英时，应把汉语的时态、语态、情态、语气

4、等用英语的形态变化表达出来,并能尽可能地运用分词和派生名词使句子结构简洁地道。例1Oxford is much smaller in number, for example, than the State University of Minnesota, and is much poorer. It has, or had till yesterday, fewer students than the University of Toronto.例2During the wartime, years like these would have meant certain death for m

5、any people. Many would have become beggars and others would have been compelled to sell their children.例3Well-planned and managed ecotourism has proven to be one of the most effective tools for long-term conservation of biodiversity.例4 The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the va

6、lley.译文1牛津大学在校学生少多了，比明尼苏达州立大学都要少，也穷多了。无论现在还是过去，牛津的在校学生都比多伦多大学少。译文2战争期间碰到这样的年景，很多人肯定会死去，很多人会逃荒要饭，很多人会被迫卖儿卖女。译文3精心规划、严格管理的生态旅游已被证明是长期保护生物多样性的最有效的方法之一。译文4群山开始向山谷投下一道道蓝灰色长影。例5李教授原打算在这干一辈子的，但还是由于种种原因去了深圳。例6听到他这样讲话，我差点笑出来了。例7一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个问题。例8杭州位于钱塘江北岸，是一座花园城市，素以风景优美著称。译文5 Professor Li had planned

7、to work here for the rest of his life, but now he has gone to Shenzhen for reasons.译文6 I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.译文7 Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and snowed under with questions.译文8 Situated on the north bank of the Qiantang River, Hangzhou is a garden-like city famou

8、s for its scenic charm.1 I didnt go to the cinema, because Id already seen the film.2 I had never thought Id be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was.3 I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her

9、own.4 There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.5 Men and nations working apart created these problems; men and nations working together must solve them.译文1我没去看电影，因为我以前看过这部片子。译文2在此之前我从未想到我发现人们认为我无足轻重时会感到很高兴，但这次我真的感到高兴。译文3我原以为这不过是一种亲热的表示，但是现在看来这只是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道，来判定是不是自己生的。译文4这一排排房子都是他以前没见过

10、的。译文5人与人之间、国与国之间离心离德，便产生这些问题，人与人之间、国与国之间齐心协力，定能解决这些问题。6受到这样的鼓励，他们为来年制订了一个更为大胆的计划。7据说此书已译成了多种语言。8我本来是一个谦虚谨慎、人见人爱的孩子，是牛津大学将我弄得这么人见人嫌。9大学毕业后我分配到一所学校任教，认识了后来成为我妻子的琳。但我并未引起她的注意，因为我实在太平常了。译文6 Thus encouraged, they made a still bolder plan for the next year.译文7 The book is said to have been translated into

11、 languages.译文8 I was a modest, popular boy; it is Oxford that has made me insufferable.译文9 After graduation from a university, I was assigned to work as a teacher in a high school, where I met Lin, who later became my wife. But Im so ordinary a man that I never attracted any of her attention then.Co

12、mpact（E） vs. Diffusive（C） 聚集VS流散这姑娘长得漂亮，鹅蛋形脸，两眼又深又黑，披着又长又密的头发。 DiffusiveShe is a pretty girl with an oval face, deep dark eyes and long heavy clinging tresses. CompactFeatures of English as a Compact Language句子主次分明，层次清楚，前呼后拥，严密规范，句式呈“聚集型” (compactness)。 主要信息以“主、谓、宾（表）”的语法主干形式突出地表达出来;运用动词不定式、分词短语、从句、

13、独立结构或其他语法手段来表现次要信息或用连词、介词来衔接。 Features of Chinese as a Diffusive Language汉语主谓结构具有很大的多样性、复杂性和灵活性，因而句式呈“流散型”（diffusiveness）。 句与句之间缺少连接成分，信息往往从语法外形上主次不分，善用流水句，把主要信息和次要信息的区别暗含在短句的并列之中。Translation Techniques英译汉时，可以不考虑英语句子信息的主次分明，少用介词、连词，译成流水句。汉译英有时则必须加上适当介词、连词，或采用其他句式把流水句变成主次分明的英语句子。例1Now the integrated

14、circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputers.例2The kaleidoscope of shifting interests of the nations during the negotiation made it impossible to sort out the “winners” and “losers”.例3Ranked as one of th

15、e most important industries in Britain, the motor components industry consists of over 2,000 companies.例4He was struck by her powerful profile, her rich black hair falling freely onto her shoulders, and the intensity of her dark eyes.译文1现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的手提微型计算机。译文2谈判期间，各国利益如万花筒般

16、变化莫测，谁输谁赢，难以分辨。译文3汽车配件业是英国最重要的产业之一，共拥有2000多家公司。译文4她面容姣好，摄人心魄，秀发如云，飘逸于肩，黑眸如潭，深邃迷离。他不禁为之神颠魂倒。例5玛丽没有被邀请去参加宴会，心里很难受。例6他有个女儿，在北京工作，已经打电话去了，听说明天就能回来。例7他们这群人，又想吃人，又是鬼鬼祟祟，想法子遮掩，不敢直接下手，真要令我笑死。例8许多房子，盖着琉璃瓦，曲曲折折，无数的朱红栏杆。译文5Mary felt sad not to have been invited to the banquet.译文6He has a daughter, who works in

17、 Beijing. Someone has phoned her and it is said that she will be back tomorrow.译文7All these people wanting to eat human flesh and at the same time stealthily trying to keep up appearances, not daring to act promptly, really made me nearly die of laughter.译文8Many houses were roofed with glazed tiles

18、and set within winding red balustrades.1周恩来的门打开了。他们看到一位个子较高但有些清瘦的人，双眼炯炯如炬，五官轮廓分明，称得上英俊。2阳光射入其能所及之地，赶走黑暗，驱散幽影。3国会已制定法律，要求大部分遭受群众舆论压力的集团呈报他们的花销、名目、款项总额及来源、成员人数、代表姓名及其薪金等情况。4塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是四处可得的取之不尽的天然资源；煤可通过自动化和机械化的方法开采，成本较低；石灰可由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石生成。5有个叫毛满珠的哑巴姑娘，翻过几重山来找王斌，痛苦地做着各种手势，要求得到帮助。6我家里生活苦，父亲做小买卖，

19、妈妈是家庭妇女，弟弟妹妹多。7湖中有十来枝荷花。荷花上清水滴滴，荷叶上水珠滚来滚去。8如今没奈何，把你雇在间壁人家放牛，每月可以得他几钱银子，你又有现成饭吃，只在明日就要去了。译文1When Chou En-lais door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. 译文2Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving

20、 out darkness and choking shadows.译文3 Congress has made laws requiring most pressure groups to give information about how much they spend and how they spend it, the amount and sources of funds, membership, and names and salaries of their representatives.译文4 Plastics is made from water which is a nat

21、ural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost and lime which can be obtained from the calcinations of limestone widely present in nature.译文5There was a dumb girl called Mao Manzhu, who traveled over ranges of mou

22、ntains to come to Wang Bin. With various painful gestures, she begged for Wangs help.译文6My family was hard up, with Father a peddler, Mother a housewife, and so many children to feed.译文7Crystal drops were dripping from a dozen lotus buds in the lake, while beads of water rolled about the leaves.译文8T

23、here is no way out but to set you to work looking after our neighbors buffalo. Youll make a little money every month, and youll get your meals there too. You are to start tomorrow.Impersonal （E）vs. Personal （C）物称VS人称The very spot always reminded him of the accident which took away Sylvias life. Impe

24、rsonalA:就是这个地方总是让他想起夺走西尔维娅生命的那次事故。B:每回看到这个地方，他就会想起夺走西尔维娅生命的那次事故。 PersonalFeatures of English as an Impersonal Languageinanimate subject +animate verb 无灵主语有灵谓语expletive “it” 替补词“it”Features of Chinese as a Personal Language具体的人称、通称或泛称、无人称、隐称inanimate subject（无灵主语）：心理、体貌、感觉、见闻等抽象概念的名词时间、地点、自然现象、事物名称等具

25、体名词由动词或形容词派生而成的抽象名词animate verb（有灵谓语）：与人的视觉有关的若干动词：see, witness, look, peer,.与人的活动密切相关的动作动词：greet, kiss, tell, ask,.与人的活动有一定关系的动作动词：escape, slip, take, bring, refuse, grip, choke,.导致状态变化的动词：give, set, make, kill, keep, leave, deprive, disarm, remind, prevent, show, lead (to),.使用其转义的动词：snow, father,

26、creep, obey,.expletive “it”（替补词“it”）：preparatory “it”(先行词“it”)unspecified “it” ”(虚义词“it”)emphatic “it” ”(强调词“it”)English-Chinese Translation Techniques与人有关的句子成分主语，无灵主语状语或其他成分与人有关的句子成分和无灵主语的所有格名词结构主谓短语物称句无主句Chinese-English Translation Techniques选用合适的物名或用形容词或动词的抽象名词作主语，将人称或泛称主语处理成修饰成分或宾语运用替补词“it”例1 A

27、chill of horror suddenly swept over him.例2The early 1600s witnessed the beginning of a great tide of emigration from Europe to North America.例3And their smiles broadened as the students noted there were only five essay-type questions. 例4 The arrival of Saturday called Mr. Collins from his amiable Ch

28、arlotte. 例5 The internet allows schools to develop a large amount of learning material that is accessible for students online anytime. 例6My good fortune has sent you to me, and we will never part.例7 It never occurred to me that she was so dishonest.例8 It is hardly possible to realize a relatively ri

29、ch Chinese society in overall scale without a solution to farmers medicare problem.例9 Its only half an hours walk to the ferry.例10 It is in the hour of trial that a man finds his true profession.译文1他突然感到不寒而栗。译文217世纪初期，移民大潮开始从欧洲涌向美洲。译文3看到只有5道论述题，学生一个个脸上笑开了花。译文4星期六一到，科林斯先生就得和温柔可爱的夏洛特分手了。译文5有了因特网，学校能够开

30、发出大量的学习材料以供学生随时从网上获取。译文6我很幸运，能够得到你，让我们永不分离吧。译文7我从没想到她这么不老实。译文8不解决农民的医疗问题，就很难最终实现中国社会的全面小康目标。译文9只需走半个钟头就可以到渡口。译文10人总是在面临考验的关头，才发现自己的专长。例11 我便觉得有三分怅惘，三分无奈；然而，思之又觉释然。例12 听到这个消息，他这一肚皮的酒几乎全化成了醋酸。例13 他烟抽得厉害，所以患了肺癌。例14 徐悲鸿的马画得非常出色，他由此一夜之间声名大噪。例15 从长远的战略眼光来发展中国与欧盟的关系符合双方的根本利益。译文11A touch of frustration and

31、helplessness came over me; however, a second thought brought me relieved calm.译文12The news turned the wine in his stomach into sour vinegar in his jealousy.译文13His heavy smoking led to his lung cancer.译文14Xu Beihongs exceptional excellence in painting horses gained him an overnight fame.译文15It is in the fundamental interests of both sides to develop China-EU relations from the long-term strategic perspective.1 Excitement deprived