学士学位论文听力理解中存在的问题及解决办法.docx

1、学士学位论文听力理解中存在的问题及解决办法【英语论文】题目： 听力理解中存在的问题及解决办法 年级：2009 专业：英语 作者：郭晓梅Problems and Strategies in Learning Comprehension摘要： 听力在英语学习过程中有着非常重要的作用。本文将讨论在听力理解中存在的问题并且在一群中国的英语学习者中调查这些问题。根据调查显示，总共有二十个因素影响学习者的听力理解，其中在参加调查的四十个学习者中的三分之二认为主要的因素有四个。结果表明为什么听力成为学习者的困难主要有以下四个方面：词汇和词语、记忆力、教育水平和背景知识以及心理因素。针对这些因素，本文将给出详

2、细的解决办法。关键词：听力理解；听力技巧；问题与对策 Abstract: Listening is very important in the process of English learning. This paper discusses problems which influence learners reading comprehension and examines the extent of awareness of these problems among a group of Chinese ESL learners. According to the investigati

3、on, altogether there are twenty factors that influence learners reading comprehension, and among them four factors were reported by more than two-thirds of the forty language learners who participated in the investigation. The evidence shows that why listening is difficult comes mainly from four sou

4、rces: vocabulary and idiom, memory, educational level and background, psychological elements. According to the problems, this paper will give some strategies to them.Key words: listening comprehension; learning skills; problems and strategiesTable of ContentsIntroduction1Chapter One The Aim of Liste

5、ning Comprehension.21.1 The interpersonal function.21.2 The transactional function3Chapter Two The Factors Influencing Listening Comprehension.42.1 Vocabulary and idiom.42.2 Memory.42.3 Educational level and background52.4 Psychological elements.5Chapter Three The Strategies of Listening Comprehensi

6、on.73.1 Take some notes.7 3.2 Guess the meanings of unfamiliar words.7 3.3 Develop a good memory.83.4 Learn to predict correctly.83.5 Enlarge the background knowledge 83.6 Keep a good mood9Conclusion10Bibliography.11 Page 1Introduction Listening is one of the main ways to get information from the ou

7、tside world. In the days of rapid development of science, technology and media, because of the close contact between China and English speaking countries, English seems more and more important in all kinds of fields. If you want to master a foreign language, you must improve your listening ability a

8、s quickly as possible. This paper will discuss the problems and strategies in listening comprehension.The teachers often speak of the four skills- listening, speaking, reading and writing. That means each of them is important. You cant say that you have mastered the language without any one of them,

9、 Listening, one of the means of language communication, is used most widely in peoples daily lives. About 45% of an adults time concerns listening to other people, listening to the radio, listening to the music. I have done an investigation among 40 learners. About two thirds of the learners think t

10、hat the most bothering and most difficult factors which affect their listening comprehension are: vocabulary and idiom, memory, educational level and background, and psychological elements.Listening is one of the basic skills in language learning. The role of listening comprehension for communicatio

11、n in FL is obvious. Without effective listening skills, learners will never learn to communicate effectively. However imperfect the speech production of an EFL learner can be, he/she still has a variety of ways of conveying a message. Nevertheless, if the learner does not understand the interlocutor

12、s response, the goal of communication remains unfulfilled. Once assumed to be a passive activity, listening is now recognized as an active process, critical to SL/FL acquisition and deserving systematic development as a skill in its own right. Page 2Chapter One The Aim of Listening comprehension The

13、 final and the most important purpose for language learning is to use the language, to communicate with people. We often speak of the four skills- listening, speaking, reading and writing. That means each of them is important. You cant say that you have mastered the language without any one of them.

14、 Listening, as one of the means of language communication, plays an important role in peoples daily lives. About 45 of an adults time concerns listening to other people, listening to the radio, listening to the music. So we can say that listening is the ability to identify and understand what others

15、 are saying. This involves understanding a speakers accent or pronunciation, his grammar and his vocabulary, and grasping his meaning (Howatt and Dakin1974). An able listener is capable of doing these four things simultaneously. Willis (1984:134) lists a series of micro-skills of listening, which sh

16、e calls enabling skills. They are:1) Predicting what people are going to talk about2) Guessing at unknown words or phrases without panicking3) Using ones own knowledge of the subject to help one understand4) Identifying relevant points; rejecting irrelevant information5) Retaining relevant points (n

17、ote-taking, summarizing)6) Recognizing discourse markers, e.g., Well; Oh, another thing is; Now, finally; etc.7) Recognizing cohesive devices, e.g., such as and which, including link words, pronoun, references, etc.8) Understanding different intonation patterns and uses of stress, etc., which give c

18、lues to meaning and social setting9) Understanding inferred information, e.g., speakers attitude or intentions And we can classify the thousands of purposes in the use of a language into 2 categories: to communicate and to exchange information, and respectively name them the interpersonal functions

19、and transactional functions.1. The interpersonal function The interpersonal function means that the purpose of using the language is to communicate, when the speakers focus on the harmonious relationship between them, but not to exchange information. Although the speakers may exchange information Pa

20、ge 3during the conversation, yet its secondary to the main purpose. This generally happens when people greet, chat, or try to kill time with friends. 2. The transactional function The transactional function means that the main purpose of using the language is to exchange information. This function f

21、ocuses on information but not the relationship. The speaker cares if the information is expressed exactly and if the listener understands it correctly, so the language should be direct and brief. Examples can be found in news broadcast, speech, description or orders etc. Page 4Chapter Two The Factor

22、s Influencing Listening Comprehension There are many factors that influence learners listening comprehension, and among them there are four factors that play important roles in listening comprehension. They are: vocabulary and idiom, memory, educational level and background, psychological elements.1

23、. Vocabulary and idiomVocabulary and idiom is the base of English learning. Lacking of vocabulary and idiom can affect the level of listening comprehension directly. Some people think that the more one listens, the stronger of his ability of listening comprehension is. It is no doubt that listening

24、more is one of active means of improving ones ability of listening comprehension , but ones ability of listening comprehension doesnt all lie on the times that one listens, it is the all-around embodiment of ones English knowledge, While the base of all English knowledge is vocabulary and idiom. Voc

25、abulary plays an important role in English learning, including in English listening. Each dialogue, each paragraph and each passage is made up of sentences, and each sentence is made up of words or phrases. In the course of listening, we can imitate the pronunciation that we have heard, but if you a

26、re lack of vocabulary, you cant connect the marks that the words stand for with the words, and you can not know the things and meanings that the marks stand for. So in theory, vocabulary controls ones levels of listening comprehension in a side. In my investigation, for 58.5% students, vocabulary an

27、d idioms become one of the most difficult things in listening comprehension. The more new vocabulary and idioms appeared in the listening material, the more difficult they feel when doing listening comprehension. The strange new words make the students lose the interest in going on listening. Most s

28、tudents may guess the meaning of the new word they heard just now, the result of which is that they miss the following part.2. MemoryAlthough listening and reading are both regarded as inceptive skills, listening is more difficult than reading. When reading something, readers could come back to the

29、previous part to reread, while for listeners, then couldnt. if you can not concentrate, Page5they will miss the important information, even the all. So in this case, memory becomes very important in listening comprehension. Trying to remember as much content as possible becomes the main goal for the

30、 English learners.3. Educational level and backgroundThe present English teaching places extra emphasis on the teaching of language, that is to say, teachers seldom introduce the history, geography, culture and custom of English speaking countries. The content of listening materials is broad, and th

31、e subject matter is various. For students, because of their limited educational level or lacking of background knowledge, they often feel that they can understand the words but not the meaning. We have found that students have difficulty if understanding the unfamiliar thing, even if there are no new words. The learning of language should be also the learning of culture, knowing about the background knowledge of English speaking countries, we can understand and use English mo