八年级英语下册Unit 4知识讲解.docx

1、八年级英语下册Unit 4知识讲解八年级英语下册Unit 4知识讲解Unit 4 He said I was hard-working 【单元目标】 1单词与短语 ever mad anymore snack message supposehard-working nervous semesterworst true disappointing lucky copy hers decision start influence peace border danger first of all 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to 被期望或被要求. . do better in

2、 在.方面做得更好 be in good health 身体健康 report card 成绩单 get over 克服；恢复；原谅 open up 打开 care for 照料；照顾 have a party for sb.为某人举行一次聚会 be mad at sb 2目标句型： 转述他人话语 What did sb. say? He said I She said she They said 3语法 直接引语和间接引语 【词汇学习】 1mad adj极为愤怒的；十分恼火的 She was mad with me for losing my keys她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。 2anymo

3、re adv再；还（用于否定句） He doesnt come here anymore他再也不到这儿来了。 3however adv无论如何 He can answer the question however hard it is不管问题有多难他都能回答。 4suppose v假定；认为；料想；期望 What do you suppose you will do after school? 你放学后想干什么? 5nervous adj紧张的；神经质的 I felt very nervous when I went into his office 当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。 6se

4、mester n一学期；半年 We will have ten subjects in this semester这个学期我们将学十门功课。 7disappointing adj令人失望的 Maybe this news is disappointing 也许这是一个令人失望的消息。 8be supposed to 认为必须；认为应该 You are supposed to be successful你应该成功。 9get mad 变疯；变得着迷 She gets mad about going to dance她对跳舞着了迷。 10get over 恢复，克服困难 Can we get ov

5、er this difficulty? 我们能克服这个困难吗? 11. first of all 首先 12. pass on 传递 13. be supposed to 被期望或被要求 14. do better in 在.方面做得更好 15. be in good health 身体健康 16. report card 成绩单 17. get over 克服；恢复；原谅 18. open up 打开；开拓；开发；开放 19. care for 照料；照顾 20have a party for sb. 为某人举行一次聚会 21be mad at sb 对某人恼火，愤怒【重点句型分析】 1.

6、What are some soap operas you know? 你所知道的有哪些肥皂剧？ you know是定语从句，修饰前日面的名词soap operas 2. What are some things that happen on soap operas? 肥皂剧里发生了些什么事？ That happen on soap operas 是定语从句，修饰前日面的名字something. 3. Lana said she wasnt mad at Marcia anymore. 拉娜说她不再生玛西娅的气了。 be mad at (with) sb. 对某人恼火 be mad at (a

7、bout) sth. (doing sth.) 对某事恼火 eg. Mother got mad at (with) me for watching TV for hours. （此处的got mad at = was mad at） not anymore 不再 eg. She didnt cry anymore. 她不再哭了。 4. bring some books to her house. 给她带来一些书 bring sth. to 从（远处）带来，拿来（到近处） 而其反义词为：take to “从（近处）拿（走）到（远处） eg. Could you bring some water

8、 to me? Please take the chair to Jims room. 5.pass this message to sb.将这个消息(信息)传给某人 pass on sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人 eg. She said she would pass the dictionary to Tom. 6.You want to know why C didnt return it and where it is.你想知道为什么C未将它还回来并想知道它在哪里。 此句中why C didnt return it and where it is是宾语从句作know的宾语,请注

9、意宾语从句的语序。（陈述语序） 7You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it. 你应该今早上在车站去见面并把它还给人家。 be supposed to do 被期望，应该(做) eg. He is supposed to be there on time.按理他应该准时到哪里。 【课文解析】 1. In English, Im better at reading than listening. 在英语方面，我的阅读比听力更好。 be better at doing (than doing)是be goo

10、d at 的比较级，意思为“更擅长” eg. Are they better at playing football than basketball? 2. I can do better in math.在数学方面我能做得更好。 better 是well的比较级 do well in 在方面做得好 eg. Does she do well in physics? 3. I finished my end Cof Cyear exams last week. 我上周结束了期末考试。 finish sth. (doing sth.) eg. Did he finish doing his hom

11、ework before he went to bed? 4. I had a really hard time with science this semester. 这学期我的科学学科学得的确不好。 5. Its not right to copy others homework. 抄袭别人的作业是不对的。 请记住这一句型：Its right for sb to do Its right for sb to do 6. I said I didnt think it was a good idea for her to copy ma homework. 我说我认为对她来说抄我的作业不是个

12、好办法。 注意1：此句中的三个动词都是过去时，即时态的一致性 注意 2：中英文语序（否定词的位置）的不同 7. She said it was much better if she din her own work. 她说如果她自己做作业就会好多了。 much +比较级，意思是“得多” e.g. He runs much faster than I. 8. Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not sound like fun to you. 在甘肃省一个贫困的山村里教中

13、学学生在你听起来可能不算什么有趣的事。 此句中may+ 动词原形，表示“可能” sound like +名词，意思为“听起来像” 9. Every year they send 100 volunteers to teach in Chinas rural areas. 每年他们都往中国的乡村地区派100名志愿者去教书。 send to 派，送到 10. Her village was 2000 meters above sea level. 她的村庄位于海拔2千米。 11. the thin air made her feel sick 稀薄的空气使她病了 make sb. do 使某人干某

14、事（此处只能用动词原形，不能+to） 12.They love heaving volunteer teachers there. 他们喜爱让志愿者老师教他们。 love doing (to do) 13.There often isnt money for education. 经常没有钱来受教育。 14. I can open up my students eyes to the outside world. 我能开阔学生们的视野，把他们带到外部世界。 15. give them a good start in life 给他们一个生活的新起点 give sb. sth.给某人某物 16.

15、 She said she likes being a good influence in the childrens lives. 她说她愿意给孩子们的生活中起一个好的影响。 17. Yang Lei enjoyed her time as a volunteer very much. 杨蕾很愿意做一个志愿者。 18. care for “Mother Earth” 关心“地球母亲” 19. care for wild animals in danger 关心处于危险中的野生动物 20. I cant do anything about that. 我对于那件事无能为力。 【词语辨析】 1.

16、 hard working 与work hard 前者是形容词，可作表语、定语；如：a hard-working student ; He is hard-working. 后者是一个动词短语，“努力工作”hard 是副词，修饰动作work. eg. Alice works hard. 2. forget to do 与forget doing 前者是“忘记做”(to do 表示将来的动作) e.g. Dont forget to call me.别忘了打电话给我。 She forgot to mail the letter.她忘了寄信。 后者是“忘记曾做”(通常与will, shall, n

17、ever连用) eg. Ill never forget seeing the musical in New York.我永远忘不了在纽约看过的那出歌舞喜剧。 【重难点分析】 直接引语和间接引语 （一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就

18、是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如： Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。 例如： She asked Jack, “Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he had been. He said, “These books are mine.” He said t

19、hat those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。 1.陈述句的间接引语 陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。 “I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要蓝色的。” 他说。 He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要蓝色的。 She said to me, “You cant settle anything now.”她对我说：“此刻你无法解决任何事情。” She told me

20、that I couldnt settle anything then.她对我说那时候我无法解决任何事。 2. 疑问句的间接引语 直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire。间接疑问句一般有三种： (1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。 如： “Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。 Jim asked whether/if

21、 he had ever worked in Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。 “Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？ The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。 (2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如： “Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间

22、？”他问我。 He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。 “What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问“你怎么看这部电影？” She asked her friend what she thought of the film.她问她的朋友怎么看这部电影。 (3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if or引导。 如： “Is it your bike or Toms? Mum asked. 妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？” Mum asked whether/if it

23、was my bike or Toms. 妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 “Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. “你妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。 Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我的妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的。 3. 祈使句的间接引语 当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语

24、。 如： Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.”杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。” Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。 The teacher said to the students,“Stop talking.”老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了。” The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。 “Dont touch anything.” He said.“不要碰任何东西

25、。”他说。 He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。 4. 动词时态和代词等的变动 (1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下： 直接引语 间接引语 today that day now then, at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day / the following day the day after tomorrow two day

26、s after, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etc last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before here there this that these those come go bring take (2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下： 现在时间推移到过去的时间，即一般现在时变为一般过去时； “I feel better tod

27、ay.” He said. “我今天感觉好多了。”他说。 He said that he felt better that day. 他说他那天感觉好多了。 现在进行时变为过去进行时； “Xiao Ming is doing some washing” Mum said. “小明正在洗衣服。”妈妈说。 Mum said that Xiao Ming was doing some washing. 妈妈说小明正在洗衣服。 练习 I. Put the following into reported speech. 1. “In most countries red stands for dange

28、r.” Said Mr. Jackson. 2. “You must leave a message for your mother.” Said Tom. 3. “Are you being attended to, sir?” He asked. 4. “Shall I carry your bag for you?” Mary asked. 5. “Do you know her name?” My friend Jack asked me. 6. “Where is the nearest hospital?” John asked. 7. “Dont look out of the

29、window when you have classes.” Our teacher told us. 8. “Make good use of your time.” Mr. Li advised. 9. He asked Li Ying “Were you watching TV at this time yesterday?” 10. He asked me, “When did you see the film?” II. Please change the following sentences from indirect speech into direct speech. 11.

30、 Betty asked me if I had been at home the day before. Betty asked me，“_ _ at home _?” 12. She said that she had been back for a week. She said，“_ _ _ for a week.” 13. Mr. Smith said that John had told him all about it three weeks before. Mr. Smith said，“John _ _ all about it three weeks _.” 14. The teacher asked his student why she had made so many mistakes in the test that time. The teacher asked hi