新目标八年级上期末复辨析习之单元知识上.docx

1、新目标八年级上期末复辨析习之单元知识上Unit 1 Unit 1 How often do you exercise?【重点短语】1.as for sb/sth 至于2.hardly ever 难得3.look after=take care of =babysit照顾，照看look after well=take good care of 把照看好4.be the same as 和相同be different from 和不同5.watch TV 看电视watch on TV 在电视上观看节目6.once a week 每周一次 three times a week 一周三次7.go to

2、 school 上学go to college上大学go to bed睡觉go to hospital去医院go to the movies看电影go to a film看电影go to the party参加聚会go to the beach 去海滩 go to the zoo 去动物园 go to the aquarium 去水族馆 go sightseeing 去观光go boating去划船go shopping去购物go camping 去野营,go shopping 去买东西go swimming去游泳go boating去划船go skating去溜冰go walking 去散步

3、go climbing 去登山go dancing 去跳舞go hiking 去徒步远足go sightseeing 去观光go fishing 去钓鱼go for a walkgo for a drive开车兜风do some shopping 买东西do some washing 洗衣服do some cooking 做饭,do some reading 读书do some speaking 训练口语do some runningdo some cleaningdo some choresdo the laundrydo the houseworkdo the homeworkdo som

4、e dishes8.Come home from school 从学校回家from now on从现在开始from to从到learn from 向学习hear from收到的信be different from和不同【易混辨析1】how (1)How often有“多久一次”的意思。是就做某事的频率提问。回答:Twiceayear Threetimesaweek(2)Howlong表示“时间多久或物体多长”。表示时间侧重指“一段时间”。回答是时间段：forthreedays,threeyears(3)How far 是提问“路程有多远”，询问距离的。(4)Howsoon表示“多久之后”，侧重

5、某人某事能多快时间完成。回答:in+时间段，intwodays，infiveyears (5)how many times意为“多少次”，它只询问次数，即“多少次”. 回答：once一次,twice两次，three times三次(6)how old 对年龄进行提问(7)how many对可数名词的数量进行提问(8)how much对不可数名词的数量及价格进行提问(9)how对做某事的方式进行提问(10)how对身体情况进行提问(11)how对交通方式进行提问(12)how tall意为“多高”，用以询问“某人某物的高度”。How tall are you?你有多高?(13)how heavy

6、意为“多重”，用以询问“某人某物的重量”。How heavy is the big box?这个大箱子有多重?(14)how about意为“怎么样?”，与what about同义，用以询问对方的意见，是省略句。How about going to the zoo?去动物园怎么样?【易混辨析2】house, family ,home (1)house一般指所居住的建筑物，即“房子，住宅”.His house was burned in a big fire他的房子在一场大火中被烧毁了.(2)family着重指家庭成员. My family are all here我们一家都在这儿. (3)ho

7、me则指某人出生及生活的环境，包括住处及家人. He left home at the age of 18他18岁离开了家.【易混辨析3】a lot of, lots of,many, much 许多(1)a lot of, lots of 修饰可数名词，不可数名词；many修饰可数名词复数；much修饰不可数名词. We have a lot of friends=We have_ friends我们有许多朋友.Do you have a lot of money?=Do you have _ money?你有许多钱吗?(2)alittle,afew与abit(of) 一些、少量1. a l

8、ittle意为“一些、少量”，接不可数名词a little water 接形容词a little shy 2. a few 意为“一些、少数”，接复数的可数名词。a few flowers 3. a bit 意为“一点儿”，接形容词。a bit cold a bit of 接不可数名词a bit of money 4. a little和a few表肯定意义，little和few表否定意义； 5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词； a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词，意为“有点儿”。(3)some ,any

9、 already, yet and, or too, also, either 1. some变为any。There are some birds in the tree.There arent any birds in the tree. 但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。Would you like some orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。2. and变为or。I have a knife and a ruler.I dont have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot

10、of (=lots of)变为many或much。They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）They dont have many friends.There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）There isnt much orange in the bottle.3. already变为yet。I have been there already.I havent been there yet.4. too，also与either A).too用于肯定句和疑问句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗号。 We are in the sa

11、me school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。 B).also用于肯定句和疑问句，一般位于实义动词前、be动词后。 Sandra is also a Korean student.Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。 C).either用于否定句，一般放在句末。 They dont know the answer, either.她们也不知道答案。【易混辨析4】kind 的用法A)kind of后接形容词或副词，意为“有点，有几分”.=a little ,a bitHe felt kind of tired他感觉有点累.The bike is kind of expensive那辆自行车有点

12、贵.B)kind 表示种类(1)a/this kind of+ 单数名词 一种/这种This kind of question is hard to answer这种问题很难回答.(2)all kinds of+复数名词 各种各样的There are all kinds of flowers in the park公园里有各种各样的花.(3)different kinds of+n不同种类的There are different kinds of animals in the zoo.动物园里有不同种类的动物.C)kind表示友好，慈祥 a kind man 一个慈祥的人【易混辨析5】alth

13、ough , though ，butalthough和though作连词用，意为“尽管，虽然”，二者可以通用.AlthoughThough they are so poor ,they have enough to eat他们虽然穷，食物还是够吃的.注意：在一个句子中， although或though but不能同时使用即：“虽然但是”不见面引申because so【易混辨析6】hard, hardly hard既可作形容词，也可作副词，其词义丰富；hardly是具有“几乎没有，几乎不”这种否定含义的独立副词. The ground is too hard to dig这块地太硬，挖不动.(a

14、dj)Chinese is hard to learn for foreigners对于外国人来说汉语很难学.(adj.=difficult)You should study hard你应该努力学习.(adv)There is hardly any coffee left几乎没剩下什么咖啡了.(adv)Hardly anybody came几乎没有什么人来. (adv)引申：few little ,hardly 在反意疑问句中的应用注意区分：hard work 困难的工作work hard 努力工作【易混辨析7】tell,speak,say与talk1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”，指某人把

15、某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲述一件事。如： He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。 tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。如： He told me something about his past. 他告诉我一些他的往事。 tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如： David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。 2. speak 意为“说话、讲话”，后面主要接语言。如： He can speak English and a l

16、ittle Chinese. 他能讲英语和一点汉语。 speak to 意为“和.讲话、谈话”。如： Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和张先生讲话吗？ speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如： The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。 3. talk 意为“谈话、讲话”，如果只有一方对另一方说话时，一般用 talk to；如果双方或多方交谈，多用 with。如： Please talk to him right now.请立即同他谈话。 He is talking with his friend.他在和朋友交谈。 talk a

17、bout 意为“谈论.”。如： They are talking about the movie.他们在谈论那部电影。 have a talk with 意为“与.交谈”。如： Can I have a talk with you?我可以和你交谈吗？ 4. say 意为“说”。如： Can you say it in English once more?你能用英语再说一遍吗？ Say to oneself 自言自语It is said that. 意为“据说”。如： It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time. 据

18、说他能呆在水里很长时间。【易混辨析8】sometime/some time/sometimes/some times (1) sometime作副词时表示“在某时，有朝一日”，指将来或过去的一个不确定时间。I saw her sometime last year .(2) some time用作名词词组，指“一段时间”。I waited for you for some time .(3) sometimes是个频度副词，意为“有时”。(4) some times意为“几次，几倍”。He has been to Japan some times .【易混辨析9】in/on/at表示时间的用法(

19、1) in表示一段时间，常用于年份、月份、季节、泛指的早/午/晚之前。in the morning/afternoon/evening in Mayin summerin a week在一周之内（后）(2) on表示在某天，常用于星期、日期、节日或某天（特指）的早/午/晚之前。on Mondayon January 1st.on Teachers Dayon the morning of July 2ndon the rainy morningon a hot afternoon在一个炎热的下午(3) at常用于时间点之前。at 7 oclockat nightat midnightat no

20、on在中午at/on weekend(4)一些不加介词的特殊用法：yesterday,tomorrow, every, last, next, this, that, 【易混辨析10】be good for 、 be good at 、be good to、be good with擅长于1.be good for 对.有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。2.be good at 擅长于.=do well inLi Ping is good at basketball.= Li Ping is good at

21、 playing basketball.李平擅长于篮球。Im good at math. = I do well in math.我擅长于数学。3. be good to对.好Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。4.be good with和相处好get on well with【易混辨析11】maybe/may bemaybe是副词，意思是“也许、可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。 Maybe shell come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。 在may be中，may是情态

22、动词，be是动词原形，意为“也许是、可能是”，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构。 I cant find my watch. It may be in your pocket. 我找不到我的手表了，它可能在你的口袋里。 maybe和may be可相互转换。 He may be in the office. = Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。 副词 maybe 可单独用作答语，但 may be 不能这样用。如：A：Do you think hell come back? 你认为他会回来吗?B：Maybe. (Maybe not.) 也许会回来吧(

23、也许不会回来吧)。【易混辨析12】much too/too much/too many1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生。2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：The box is much too heavy, so I cant carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。【词语讲解1】exercise

24、的用法(1).作名词讲：1).作“运动、训练、锻炼”讲，为不可数名词。 2).作“练习、习题、体操（常用复数形式）”讲，为可数名词。You should take more _ and drink more water.We do morning _ every day ,but we dont do eye _ .(2).作动词讲：锻炼、运动The old man always _(exercise )every day. 【词语讲解2】most 1、 “大部分，大多数的，几乎全部的”形容词，修饰可数或不可数名词Most children like eating ice cream. 多数孩

25、子喜欢吃冰激凌Most food goes bad in such hot weather.在这么热的天气里多数食物都变质了。2、 many的much最高级形式或者和多音节形容词构成最高级形式 【词语讲解3】频度副词的位置1.always（总是，一直）usually（通常）often（常常，经常）sometimes（有时候）never（从不）hardly(几乎不)2.频度副词的位置：a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。b.放在行为动词前。如：We usually go to school a

26、t 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在7：10去上学。c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：3.how often 提问【词语讲解4】pretty Adv.”颇，相当，非常” =very，quite I am pretty healthy. 我非常健康。Adj,“漂亮的，标致的”She is a pretty girl. 她是个漂亮的女孩子。Unit 2 Whats the matter?【重点短语】1.a piece of advice/music/news/information2.give sb advice= give advice to sbAsk for o

27、nes adviceTake ones advice3.have a coldhave a headache/stomachache/toothachehave a sore back/throat have the fluhave breakfast/lunch/supperhave a matchhave a meetinghave acting lessonshave a welcome party 召开一个欢迎会4.see a dentist=go to the dentists see a doctor=go to the doctors5.be stress out6.get ti

28、red/wetstay healthyfeel wellkeep healthykeep in good health7.a balance of8.be angry with sb9. believe in sb【同义句转换】1.What is the matter with you?=what is wrong with you?=what is the trouble with you?=what happened to you?2.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this =It is good for this t

29、o eat Dangshen and Huangqi herbs【易混辨析1】hope， wishhope v.通常用来表示一种相信可以达到的“希望”；wish v.通常用来表示一种不易达到的“愿望”，或这种愿望并未想到有无可能性。I hope that 1 will see you again我希望能再次见到你。I wish I could ny like a bird但愿我能像鸟儿一样飞翔。 与hope常构成的三种句型：(1)hope for sth希望Everyone hopes for a good grade大家都盼望有个好成绩。(2)hope to do sth希望做I hope to visit Beijing this week我希望这周可以参观北京。(3)hope that希望I hope that you will finish the work tomorrow我希望你明天能完成这项工作。 与wish构成的句型：wish to do sth.wish sb to do sth.wish n. Best wishes to you.【易混辨析2】be sorry for sth、be sorry about、be sorry to do sth 、be sorry that