英语语法状语从句的归纳总结.docx

1、英语语法状语从句的归纳总结英语语法状语从句的归纳总结 在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一成分的从句叫状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。 一、 时间状语从句 时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况：A when, while, as, whenever 1when when表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。 When I got hom

2、e, my family were already having dinner. 我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。 （when表示点时间） When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. 当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（when表示段时间） He waved ahello when he saw her. 当他看见她的时候，就挥手打了个招呼。（when表示点时间） When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something. 当你认为自己一无所知的时候

3、，就开始知道一些事情了。（when表示段时间） 注意： 当when意思是正当时候（and at that moment）时，when只能跟在前一分句之后。（1）was doing sth when sb did（2）was about to do sth when sb did（3）had just done sth when sb did He was about to go to bed when the doorbel rang. 他正要上床，忽然门铃响了。 They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went ou

4、t. 他们正看着世界杯比赛，突然灯灭了。 They had just arrived home when it began to rain. 他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。 2while while通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper. 她在看报的时候睡着了。 while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成而。 I am fond of English while he likes maths. 我喜欢英语而他却

5、喜欢数学。 We slept while the captain kept watch. 我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。 while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然,常放在句首。 While they love te children, they are strict with them. 虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。 提示： 虽然during 与 while 意思很相近，但是during是介词，不能引导从句。 3as as表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。as和when两者经常可以通用。 The thief was caught as when he

6、was stealing in the supermarket. 小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。 I saw Jim as when he left the meeting room. 吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他。 as表示 一边一边，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 They talked as they walked. 他们边走边聊。 He looked behind from time to time as he went. 他一边走，一边不时地往后看。 as表示随着 As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移

7、，天气变得越来越暖了。 As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom. 随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。 5whenever whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。 You are always welcome whenever you come. 无论你何时来都欢迎。 Whenever we met with diffiulties, they came to help us. 每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。B before, after 1before before表示在一段时

8、间之前。 I must finish all the work before go home. 回家之前我必须干完所有的活。 You must first learn to walk before you try to run. 在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。 He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。 提示： before 从句往往带有否定的含义。 He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。 Thke it down

9、berore you forget it. 趁着还没忘记的时候就记录下来。 必背： before 常用句型 It is/ was/ will be +时间段+before 还要过多久才 It wasnt/wont be long before 用不了多久就 It wil be five years before we meet again. 五年以后我们才能再见。 It will be not long before you regret what you have done. 不用过多久你就会对你所作所为感到后悔的。 It was not long before I realized I w

10、as wrong. 不久我就意识到我错了。 It was minutes before the police arrived. 过了几分钟警察才到。 2after after表在一段时间之后。 Lets play football after school is over. 放学后我们踢足球吧。 The sun came out soon after the storm stopped. 暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。 Ctill, until 1untiltill用于肯定句时，表示直到 为止，主句必须为持续性动词。 We shall wait until till he comes back.

11、 我们将一直等到他回来。 (注意它们的拼写) Everthing went well untiltill that accident happened. 直到发生那意外之前，一切都正常。 2 notuntiltill表示直到 才 ，主句通常要用短暂动词，这时until和till可用before代替。 I didnt leave until till before she came back. 直到她回来，我才离开的。 Bells dont ring till until you strike them. 铃不打不响。 Peopl do not know the value of their h

12、ealth till until before they lose it. 人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。 3当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。 Not until she stopped crying did I leave. 直到她不哭了，我才离开的。 4在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用till。 It was not until she took off her drk glasses that I recognized her. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。 Dsince, ever since 1since自以来。Since后用一般过去时，主句用

13、现在完成时。 It has been just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这儿刚刚一星期。 Where haveyou been since I last saw you 自上次我见过你之后，你去了哪里？ Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps. Eas soon as as soon as.可译为一就，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。 He will come and see you as soon as he can. 他一有空就来看你。 He rushed home as soon

14、 as he got the good news. 他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。 必背： 一就还可以用on/upon doing 结构来表示。 On arriving home he called up Lester. = As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester. 他一到家就给莱斯特打电话。 F immediately /instantly/ directly 相当于as soon as，从句中用一般过去时态。 They phoned her immediately they reached home. 他一到家马上就给她打了电话。 I

15、recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her. 我一看见她就把她认出来了。 We came directly we got your telephone. 我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。 Gthe moment, the minute, the instant, the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一 就 。 He said hed turn on TV th moment he got home. 他说他一到家就打开电视机。 Ionce once作连词时，也相当于as soon as，但它含有的条件

16、意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。 Once you begin, you must continue. 一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。 Once you see him, you will neer forget him. 你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。 Jnext time, the first time, the last time, every time 等 Be sure to call on us next time you come to town. 下次你进城一定来看我们。 He left me a good impression the first time I met him.

17、我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。 Every time I see him he looks miserable. 我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。 The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough. 上一次我见到他时，他看上去很开心。 Kby the time by the tine 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为到 时为止，主句一般要用完成时态。By the time +过去时间 与过去完成时连用By the time +将来时间 与将来完成时连用 By the time he was fourteen, Einstein ha

18、d learned advanced mathematics all byhimself. 爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。 (从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时) I shall have finished my work by the time you return. 在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。(从句为一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时) 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever（where的强势语）和everywhere引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。A where where 在地方，去地方 Wuhan lies here the Yangtze a

19、nd the Han River meet. 武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 I found my books where I had left them. 我的书在我原来放的地方找到了。 Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. 哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句) 注意： 在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。 【误】You should put the book at where it was. 【

20、正】You should put the book where it was. 你应该把书放在原来的地方。 【误】We should go to where we are needed most. 【正】We should go where we are needed most. 我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。 B.wherever wherevr在任何地方，无论哪里 Wherever you go, you should do your work well. 不论到什么地方，都要把工作做好。 You may sit down wherever you like. 你爱坐哪儿就坐哪儿。 C.e

21、verywhere Everywhere they went, they were kindly receivd. 他们每到一处都受到了友好的接待。 三、原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有as, because, since, now (that), considering that, seeing that等。 Abecause because因为 Because I like it, I do it. 因为我喜欢，所以我才干。 He couldnthave seen me, because I was not there. 他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在

22、那儿。 比较： because 和for的区别。 1for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。 【误】For he did not obey the rules, he was punished. 【正】Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished. 由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了处。 2for 表示的是推断解释，because强调动作发生的直接原因。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了，因

23、为地面是湿的。（不可用because，因为地面湿不是天下雨的原因） The day breaks, for the birds are singing. 天亮了，因为鸟在叫。（不可用because，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因） He went to bed early, because he was tired 由于他累了，所以他很早就上了床。（直接的理由） He must be tired, for he went to bed early. 他肯定累了，因为他很早就上了床。（间接的推断） 3在强调结构It iswasthat和关联词notbut 引导的原因状语从句中，宜用because。 It

24、s because he helped you that Im prepared to help him. 正是因为他帮助过你，所以我乐意去帮助他。 He decided to give up thechance of going abroad, not because he did not want to but because his wife was ill. 他决定放弃出国的机会，不是因为他不想去，而是因为他妻子病了。B since since 因为，既然。引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。 Since you have no licence, you are not al

25、lowed to drive. 因为你没有驾驶执照，所以不允许你开车。 Since you are al here, lets try and reach a decision. 既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。 Cas as 由于。一般多用于句首。 As she was ill, she didnt come to the party. 由于病了，她没来参加晚会。 As he was not well enough, I had to go without him. 由于他身体欠佳，我只好不带他去了。 As it rained, we all stayed at home. 由于下

26、雨我们都呆在家里。C because, since, as 的区别 1because语气最强，表达的是未知的新信息，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开。在回答why引导的特殊疑问句时，或在强调结构It iswas that 和关联词not but 引导的原因状语从句中，要用because。另外，because还常和副词just, merely等连用。 2since 往往表示的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。 3as 表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。as从句通常放在主句前。 Just because he doesn

27、t complain, you must not suppose that he is satisfied. 你不可只因他不抱怨就以为他满足了。 You shouldnt get angry only because some people speak ill of you. 你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就生气。 Since youre not interested, Iwont tell you about it. 既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。 As you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else. 因为你不能

28、回答，也许我们该问一问别的人。 注意： because等词不能与 so连用。 【误】Because he was careless, so he failed in the exam. 【正】Because he was careless, he failed in the exa. 由于他粗心，所以他考试不及格。 【正】He was careless, so he failed in the exam. 由于他粗心，所以他考试不及格。状语从句（二） 四、目的状语从句目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连词有that, so，so that, sothat, in orde

29、r that等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can, could, may, might, should等。Athat, so that，in order that表示为了，以便，一般放在主句之后。that语气较弱，用的较少，多用so that。Lets take the front seats that we may se more clearly. 我们坐前排吧，这样我们可以看得更清楚些。 Man does not live that he may eat, but eats that he may live. 人生存不是为了吃饭，而吃饭是为了生存。 They hurried so th

30、at they might not miss the train. 他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。 In order that everyone present might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again. 为了使在场的每个人都能听清楚，她再次提高了声音。 注意：当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。 We got upearly so that we would arrive in time. 为了能及时赶到，我们起得很早。 They hurried so

31、 that they might not miss the train. They hurried so as not to miss the train. 他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。 Betty saved money in order that she could uy a portable computer. Betty saved money in order to buy a portable computer. 贝蒂存钱是为了买一台手提电脑。 Bin case, lest, for fear that 几个短语都表示万一，惟恐，含有否定的意义。 Better take more clothes in case the weath