全国硕士统考英语一真题及答案.docx

1、全国硕士统考英语一真题及答案2010年全国硕士统考英语（一）真题及答案Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone

2、-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting_1_workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended _2_giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very_3_to being experimented upon changed subjects beha

3、vior.The idea arose because of the _4_behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to _5_of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not _6_what was done in the experiment; _7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)_8

4、_that they were being experimented upon seemed to be _9_to alter workers behavior _10_itself.After several decades, the same data were _11_ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 _the descriptions on record, no systematic _13_ was found that levels of produ

5、ctivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to_ 14_ interpretation of what happed._ 15_ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output _16_ rose compared with the previous Saturday and_

6、 17 _to rise for the next couple of days._ 18_ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers_ 19_ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before _20 _a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests t

7、hat the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. A affected B achieved C extracted D restored2. A at Bup C with D off3. Atruth Bsight C act D proof4. A controversial B perplexing Cmischievous D ambiguous5. Arequirements Bexplanations C accounts D assessments6. A conclude B matter C indicat

8、e D work7. A as far as B for fear that C in case that D so long as8. A awareness B expectation C sentiment D illusion9. A suitable B excessive C enough D abundant10. A about B for C on D by11. A compared Bshown C subjected D conveyed12. A contrary to B consistent with C parallel with D pealliar to13

9、. A evidence Bguidance Cimplication Dsource14. A disputable Benlightening Creliable Dmisleading15. A In contrast B For example C In consequence D As usual16. A duly Baccidentally C unpredictably D suddenly17. Afailed Bceased Cstarted Dcontinued20. Abreaking Bclimbing Csurpassing DhitingSection II Re

10、ading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the

11、 m ost far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a con

12、siderable number of the most significant c ollections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of new spaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We ar

13、e even farther rem oved from the unfocused newspaper review spublished in England between the turn of t he 2 0th century and the eve of World War , at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts crit icism was consi dered an ornament to the publications in which it appe ared. In those far-

14、off days, it was taken for granted tha t the cri tics of major papers woul dwri te in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bern ard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trus ted to know wh

15、at they were a bout. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, ”Newman wrote, “ that I am tempted to definejournalism as a term of cont empt appl

16、 ied by writers who are not read to writers who are. ”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays ont he game of cricket. During his l ifetime,

17、though, he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography（1947）became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so ho nored. Yet on ly one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on musi

18、c is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revi val? The prospect seems remote. Jour nalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern reader shave little use for the ric hly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover,

19、 the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D youn

20、g readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before world warwere characterized byA free themes.B casual style.C elaborate layout.D radical viewpoints.23. which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on？A It is writers duty to fulfill j

21、ournalistic goals.B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?A His music criticism may not appeal to readers toda

22、y.B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.CHis style caters largely to modern specialists.DHis writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?A Newspapers of the Good Old Days.B The lost Horizon in Newspapers.C Mournful Decline of Jour

23、nalism.D Prominent Critics in Memory.Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. A received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a techniq

24、ue for lifting a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal

25、circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says DennisD. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on busi

26、ness-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method pat

27、ent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM

28、noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases o

29、pposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to eval

30、uate is whether it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents we

31、re being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti_ patent trend at the supreme court” ,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because ofA their limited value to businessB their connection with asset allocationC the possible restriction on their grantingD the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?A Its ruling complies with the court dec