专题十一 倒装句省略句强调句插入语反意疑问句.docx

1、专题十一 倒装句省略句强调句插入语反意疑问句2010届高三二轮复习专题十一 倒装句、省略句、强调句、插入语、反意疑问句 【考纲展现】高考试题每年都要涉及此类句法知识，这些特殊的句型结构，每年单项填空题都会出现12道。考纲要求对这些句型结构的往往是以测试它们中的特殊结构为主，例如倒装句中否定副词位于句首；as引导让步状语从句的倒装；省略if的虚拟条件句等。反义疑问句往往要求掌握前肯后否，前否后肯的基本用法以及反义疑问句的简易回答，掌握祈使句、主从复合句、表示猜测的句式的反义疑问句，把握反义疑问句前后时态和人称的一致特点。按照考纲要求，考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调，近几年

2、的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用，考查复合句中的强调句式；考生应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用省略；而近几年的高考试题主要考查定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、简单句中和交际语境中的省略；依据不同语境能正确使用插入语，分析近几年的高考题多以考查短语的形式，在交际用语中或句中进行辨析。【真题评析】(2009年各地高考真题汇编解析)1 Not until I came home last night _ to bed. A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒装语序

3、的用法。not until 位于句首时要用半倒装的句型，把助动词did提到主语Mum的前面。所以答案为：B2. So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 【答案】C【解析】本题考查倒装，so .that., such .that.的句子结构中，若so, such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒装，又因为sudden是形容词，作表语，所以选C。3. He must be helping the

4、 old man to water the flowers,_ ? A. is he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustnt he【答案】B【解析】考查反意疑问句。陈述句中的谓语中虽有情态动词must，但此处must表示对正在进行的动作进行推测，这时反意疑问句需借助后must面的动词构成， must后有助动词be，故选B。4. Little_ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D.

5、 does Rose care 【答案】A【解析】考查特殊句式。little是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装句，选A。5. It was _ he came back from Africa _ he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查的是强调句型。根据It is that 结构可知。6. Some of you may have finished unit one. _ , you can g

6、o on to unit two. A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查省略句的用法。 If so = If you have done that / so7. Every evening after dinner, if not_ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired【答案】 C【解析】本题考查省略句的用法。if 后面是一个省略句，if not=if

7、Iam not tired.8. You and I could hardly work together, _?A. could you B. couldnt I C. couldnt we D. could we【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句的用法。根据陈述部分是肯定形式，疑问部分用否定形式；反之亦然。陈述部分中含有否定词hardly，故疑问部分用肯定形式，主语是you and i。故应选D。9. For a moment nothing happened. Then _ all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voices C

8、. voices would come D. did voices come【答案】B【解析】考查特殊句式。副词then位于句首，且当句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装句，选B。10. _ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. A. Such B This C That D So 【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。such置于句首句子要倒装，防止误选D;此处不是such-that; so-that句型；such代替的是” that it can make a person suddenly famous. ”,选

9、A.11.Ive read another book this week.Well, maybe_ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A. .this B. that C. there D. it【答案】D【解析】考查强调句型的用法。把“ is”和句中的that省略后，该句话依旧成立，由此可知该题是强调句型的结构，所以答案只能是it。正确区分句子结构是该题的关键。12. Unsatisfied _with the payment ,he took the job just to get some work experi

10、ence.A. though was he B. though he wasC. he was though D. was he though【答案】.B 【解析】考查倒装句。此处为though引导的让步状语从句倒装。句型为adj./adj./n./动词原形+though+主语+谓语，故选B。【专题预测】强调句、省略句、插入语要点概览：1.强调句型“It is/was-that-”的用法。强调句型的特殊疑问句；2.it强调句型与定语从句、状语从句的区别；3.动词不定式的省略；4.状语从句中的省略，“连词+分词”的省略现象；5.常用插入语：by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下；so far

11、到目前为止；and so on 等等；on the contrary 相反； no wonder 不足为奇；as a matter of fact 事实上；come along 快点，来吧；in other words 换句话说；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，结果。倒装句式和反意疑问句考点概览：1.否定副词放在句首引起倒装；2.so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语结构；3.表示方位的介词短语和副词out, in, away, off等放在句首引起全部倒装；4.only+状语从句和not until从句放在句首，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装；5.

12、反意疑问句的一般情况；6. 常见句型的反意疑问句；7.复合句的反意疑问句；8.含有情态动词的反意疑问句。【知识梳理】倒装句的用法英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调型倒装和以so, neither, nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。（一）倒装句的意义 1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。May I come in?Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927?2、为了强调

13、某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。Never have I been late for school this term.So early did he come to school that no other students came.（二）倒装的使用情况1、在 “there be” 结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。There is a box on the table.2、在疑问句中。Is she singing in the classroom?What does your mother do?3、在here, there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果

14、主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）There goes the bell.Here is an apple for you.There she comes.4、重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。I am watching TV. So is she.My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.5、直接引语的全部或一部

15、分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）“Very well,” said the French student.“Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不倒装。 Little did he say at the meeting.Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army. 比较：I shall ne

16、ver forget the day when I joined the Army.7、用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.Only in this way can we learn English well.注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。Only Wang Lili knows this.8、为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放

17、在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）Away hurried the boy.Out rushed the girl.9、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。 Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you. Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring

18、me up.10、as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.Child as he is, he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠词）Hard as he worded, he made little progress.11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!12、So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时要倒装

19、。So happy did he feel. Such was me.反意疑问句的用法反意疑问句（The Disjunctive Question）又叫附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式2陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式They work hare, dont they?She was ill yesterday, wasnt she?You didnt go, did you?He cant ride a bike, can he?一、反意

20、疑问句的一般情况1当陈述部分的主语是：等everyone, everybody, someone, no one, nobody, somebody合成代词时，附加疑问句的主语非正式文体中往往they用。（也可以按语法一致原则用单数。）2当陈述部分以one不定代词做主语时，附加问句的主语在正式常场用one，非正式场合用he。3当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this或that，附加疑问句的主语用it。（是those, these则用they）4当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything, anything, nothing等，附加问句的主语用 it。5陈述部分带有否定词或半

21、否定词，例如：never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, none, no one, rarely, nowhere, nothing, nobody, few, little等，附加疑问句的动词要用肯定形式。6如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀，那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理，附加疑问句应用否定形式。二、常见句型的反意疑问句7当陈述部分是there be 存在句型时，附加疑问句的主语也用there。8感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。9祈使句后面的附加疑问句问题A) 祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问句只能用will you。B) 祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问

22、句用肯定、否定均可。C) Let开头的祈使句要注意：1.Lets 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内，表示提出建议或征求对方意见，其反意疑问句往往用shall we。2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内，表示请求对方允许做某事的含义，let 有allow的意思。附加疑问部分用will you。3. Let me 开头表示请求，附加疑问句用will you，或用may I。三、复合句的反意疑问句10当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是，当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I

23、 imagine, I expect等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。11当陈述部分是Im sure that,；we are sure；Im afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。12当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句13陈述部分中有have一词，且表示“所有”含义时，附加疑问句部分既可用have也可用do。14陈述部分中有have to，附加疑问句部分用d

24、o。15含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?16陈述部分有used to，附加疑问句部分可用used 也可以用did 。17陈述部分有neednt时，附加疑问句部分用need但有时也可用must。18陈述部分有must，且表示“必须”时，附加疑问句部分用mustnt，如果表示“必要”则用neednt。19陈述部分中是mustnt表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用must。陈述部分中的must表示“一定”、“想必”等

25、推测意义时，附加疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。20陈述部分是I wish， 表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用may I。21弄清陈述句中的d rather = would rather；d better = had better附加疑问句部分前者用would，后者用had。其它特殊结构的反意疑问句22陈述部分的主语是each of.结构时，附加疑问句在强调整体时用they，当作个别时用he。23陈述部分有neither.nor.(either.or.)做并列主语，附加疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are w

26、e?24陈述部分是：Im .结构，附加疑问句一般用arent I?25. 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?26. 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?27. 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt y

27、ou?28. 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do +主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?强调句的用法（一）强调句句型 1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。 It was yesterday tha

28、t he met Li Ping. 2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。 Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ When and where was it that you were born?4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。 强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming

29、at the railway station yesterday. 强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday. 强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, w

30、ho不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ，其余的时态用It is 。（二）not until 句型的强调句1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, un

31、til可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。（三）谓语动词的强调 1、It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。Do sit down. 务必请坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。省略句用法为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：（一）简单句中的省略1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。(I) Thank you for your help.（括号内为省略的词语，