届高三英语二轮复习精品学案湖北专用第4模块 完成句子 专题3 非谓语动词.docx

1、届高三英语二轮复习精品学案湖北专用第4模块 完成句子 专题3 非谓语动词2012届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第4模块 完成句子 专题三非谓语动词专题导读非谓语动词以其形式多样、结构复杂、内涵丰富、功能较多而成为高中英语教学的重点和难点，同时也是历届高考的重点测试项目。从近几年湖北高考完成句子的试题看，对非谓语动词的考查立意较低，强调对非谓语动词基本概念、基本结构及其基本功能的考查。考查内容涉及非谓语动词的各种时态与语态；不定式、现在分词及过去分词作状语、补足语、定语，以及动名词用作主语、宾语，还有独立主格结构等。一般来说，重复考查同一概念的几率较小，所以复习时要善于分析归纳知识盲区

2、，并进行针对性的训练，以提高学习的有效性。五年高考已考测试点： 非谓语作状语；非谓语作主语；非谓语作宾语；非谓语作定语；独立主格结构。2012年复习备考考点聚焦： 考点(1)非谓语作主语和宾语其主要考点如下： 1动名词作主语及其复合结构和主语从句之间的转换。如： His being elected our team leader (That he was elected our team leader)made us all very excited.他被选为我们的队长，这使我们都很兴奋。2接v.ing形式作宾语的动词。 下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid,

3、stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit等。下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth等。介词后要接动名词：what about，how about，without，be

4、fond of，be good at等。3接不定式和动名词作宾语意义有别的动词。remember to do sth.记住要做某事；remember doing sth.记得做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要做某事； forget doing sth.忘记做过某事regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事； regret doing sth.后悔做过某事try to do sth.设法，试图； try doing sth.试试看，试一试mean to do sth.打算做，想要；mean doing sth.意味着，就是注：need/want/require doing(to

5、 be done) 需要被做4. “特殊疑问词 不定式”结构作主语和宾语。下列动词后可接“特殊疑问词不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find，out，advise，discuss等。5. “wish/intend/plan/mean to have done”表示过去未曾实现的愿望。6常考句型：(1)Its adj./n. to do和Its no good/no use doing(2)It is good(nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid)of sb. to do sth.It is possibl

6、e(important, necessary)for sb. to do sth. (3)consider, think, make, feel, find, know, regard, believe it 宾补(adj./n.)to do sth. (4)have trouble/difficulty/a good time(in) doing； (5)It takes sb. some time to do sth.(6)have no choice but to do sth./cannot help but do sth. 考点(2)非谓语作定语和补语其主要考点如下：1分词、不定式作

7、定语的区别。过去分词作定语表示被动的、完成的动作，或是不具有时间性的概念；现在分词表示动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生；不定式一般表示未来的、具体的动作。此外，分词作定语时经常和定语从句相互转化。如：The Computer Centre , built last year(完成的、被动的), costs lots of money, being built now(进行的、被动的)。相应时态的定语从句：The Computer Centre, which was built last year, costs lot of money, which is being built now.2分词、不

8、定式作补语的区别。现在分词强调动作的进行；过去分词强调动作的被动性、完成性；不定式侧重动作的全过程。常带分词、不定式作补语的两类典型动词：(1)种类：感官动词see, notice, watch, observe, catch(sight of), listen to, hear, feel, find等。使役动词have, make, get, leave, send, keep等。(2)结构：see(watch, notice)宾语 doing/being done/done/do(主动)be seen (watched, noticed) doing/being done/done/to

9、 do(被动) 3不定式作定语的特殊用法。(1)下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。(2)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义。不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，只能用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定式的被动形式。如：Do you have anything to wash today? (to wash的逻辑主语为句子的主语you)Do you have anything t

10、o be washed？(to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人来做)在形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy, difficult, important, impossible等。如：The work is impossible to finish in two days.(The work is finished)4常考句型：be reported/said/to do/to be doing/to have done考点(3)非谓语作状语和表语其主要考点如下：1现在分词、过去分词和不定式作状语的区别。不定式作状语，

11、修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。in order(not) to, so as(not)to用来引导目的状语；enough, too, soas to do, suchas to do作结果状语，如：The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. Im not such a fool as to believe that.现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，

12、其动作与句子主语之间是被动关系。2现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，有“令人”之意，如amusing, exciting, interesting, surprising；过去分词说明主语所处的状态，有“对感觉如何”之意，如excited, relaxed, worried, shocked, disappointed3常考句型：句型：ones dream/plan/goal/aim/intention/purpose/ is to do sth.sth. remain done (某事某物处于状态)/ sth. remain to be done(undon

13、e)(某事某物有待于) do all one can to do sth.意为“尽力做”tooadj./adv.to do sth.结构表示否定意义，意为“太而不能”too ready(glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy)to结构表示肯定意义。 考点(4)独立分词结构：名称或代词主格分词 如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，则使用表示主动意义的现在分词；如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则使用表示被动意义的过去分词；如： The problems solved ( As the problems were solved), the

14、 quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 考点(5)独立不定式结构：名称或代词主格不定式 不定式的主动形式。在独立不定式结构中，如果“名词或代词主格”是“不定式”动作的发生者，则两者在逻辑上存在主谓关系，用不定式的主动形式。如：Nobody to help us tomorrow, we cant finish our task ahead of time. 明天没有人来帮忙，我们不可能提前完成任务。 不定式的被动形式。如果“名词或代词主格”是“不定式”动作的承受者，则两者在逻辑上存在动宾关系，用不定式的被动形式。 如：More presents

15、to be given, she will find it difficult to accept. 再多给她一些礼物，她就会觉得很难接受。 考点(6)with宾语宾语补足语 充当宾语补足语的是形容词、副词、分词、不定式、介词短语等。其中不定式表示尚未发生的、将来的动作；动词的ing形式表示主动的、正在进行的动作；过去分词则强调被动意义，也可表示动作已完成。考点(7)特色句式There being 名词或代词主格。这是独立主格结构的一种特殊形式，在意义上表示存在，充当原因状语或条件状语，其中的being不能省略。如： There being nothing interesting in the

16、 lecture ( As there was nothing interesting in the lecture), the listeners felt a bit sleepy. 因为演讲中没有什么令人感兴趣的东西，听众感到有点困倦。 有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑主语。如：generally speaking，judging from/by，supposing(假如)等。有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，在句子中作独立成分。如：to be honest，to be sure, to tell you the truth，to cut a long st

17、ory short，to be frank，to make matters/things worse等等。 真题典例12011湖北卷 It was cold and damp; the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his _(冻僵了的脸)(freeze)1frozenface考查过去分词作前置定语。face和freeze之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。答案为frozenface。 22011湖北卷 _(把钥匙握在手上), he looked for them everywhere. (hold)2Holding the key

18、s in the/(his)hand/With the keys held in the(his)hand/The keys held in the/(his)hand考查现在分词作伴随状语。其中，hold和he之间构成的是主动关系，故用现在分词，其答案为Holding the keys in the/ his hand。同时，表示伴随状态的状语还可以用with的复合结构，这个时候key和hold之间构成的就是被动关系，故其答案为With the keys held in the/his hand；不仅如此，主分句的动词的逻辑主语不一致，故此处还可以运用独立主格结构，其答案为The keys

19、held in the/his hand。 32011湖北卷 A number of the paintings in this castle are believed _(被毁掉)in a fire in 2009.(destroy)3to have been destroyed考查不定式用法。It be said/believed/thought/considered/reported that sb./sth.sb./sth. be said/believed/thought/considered/reported to是一固定结构。根据句子含义，“毁掉”这个动作发生在“认为”之前，并且

20、已经完成，故选择不定式的完成时to have done；同时，paintings和destroyed之间是被动关系，故答案为被动完成时to have been destroyed。42010湖北卷 _(不会用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)4Not being able to use/Being unable to use/Not being capable of using/Being incapable of using考查动名词作主语。52010湖北卷 After

21、she completes the project, shell have _(没什么要担心的). (worry)5nothing to worry about考查不定式作后置定语。动词 “worry”与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成动宾关系，由于 “worry” 是不及物动词，后面须加上介词about，由此可知答案为nothing to worry about。62010湖北卷 _(油漆成)red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)6Painted考查过去分词作状语。主语

22、 the building是动作paint的作用对象，因此用过去分词Painted。72009湖北卷 When you are finished with the electric iron, dont forget _(关掉它). (turn)7to turn it off考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth意为“记着要去做”；“关掉”是turn sth off；并且要注意代词的用法。根据语境可知答案为to turn it off。82009湖北卷 _ (获得奖学金) gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the

23、northern states.(win)8Winning a scholarship考查动名词作主语。“获得奖学金”是win a scholarship，此处要用动名词作主语，因此答案为winning a scholarship。9Youd better go and_(把你的轿车洗洗)No, I ll do it myself.(wash)9have/get your car washed考查have sth.done结构。根据答语可知，这里表示“让某事被别人做”，应该用have sth done结构，由此可知答案为have/get your car washed。10They sat t

24、ogether around the table, with_(门关着)(shut)10the door shut考查独立主格结构。本题是“with名词/代词非谓语动词”型的独立主格结构，名词the door与“关着”是动宾关系，故用过去分词shut，由此可知答案为the door shut。 新题预测考试动向预测(110小题)：1_ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.(remain)吉姆是否适合打决赛还有待证明。1It remains to be seen2_， the postman refused to delive

25、r our letters unless we chained our dog.(bite)被咬了两次，邮递员拒绝给我们送信了，除非我们把狗锁起来。2Bitten twice 3The old lady is said to have three children，two of them _.(study)这位老太太有三个孩子，其中两个在国外学习。3studying abroad4My daughter was badly hurt in the accident.I really regretted _ from school yesterday.(pick)我的女儿在事故中严重受伤。我很后

26、悔昨天没有开车去学校接她。4not having picked her up/not picking her up5Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication，unless _，may lead to serious problems.(handle)因缺少社会沟通而产生的误解如果不妥善处理的话很可能会导致严重的问题。5handled properly 6When she noticed the teacher _，she lowered her head in shame.(stare)当她注意到老师正盯着她的时候，

27、她羞愧地低下了头。6staring at her7Every year one million tourists visit Stonehenge, which is believed _ before the Pyramids, about 4000 years ago. (construct )每年都有上百万的人参观巨石阵，它被认为是修建于比金字塔更早的四千年前。7to have been constructed 8The mudslide is reported _ more than 1400 lives in Zhouqu County. (claim)据报道，发生在舟曲县的塌方已夺

28、去了1400多人的生命。8to have claimed 9The mine explosion in Heilongjiang Province caused 104 deaths, with four other miners still _.(trap)黑龙江省的煤矿爆炸导致了104人死亡，仍有4名矿工被困地下。9trapped underground10To every one of us, _ is a great honor. (admit)对于我们中的每一个人来说，被北大录取是极大的荣幸。10being admitted to/into Beijing University11A

29、t Beijing Olympic Opening Chinese families sat in front of TV and watched the ceremony，_(感到非常自豪)(feel)11feeling very proud 12The kid was so proud of his work that he was just sitting there with _(跷着二郎腿), waiting for praise from his teacher. (cross)12his legs crossed13The catastrophy _(呈现出来的) in the

30、movie 2012 is so striking that it takes away the breath of audience. (present)13. (which/that is) presented14The hottest topic of this week _ (正在谈论)on newspapers and TV programs is Wall Street financial crisis and what the White House is going to do with it.(talk)14being talked about/that is being talked about 15I also remember _(听说过)the moon cycle and that crafters or magic users will