高中英语人教版必修一unit4课文内容.docx

1、高中英语人教版必修一unit4课文内容必修一 Un it4 课文内容1.You have time to take only one thing.time 后接不定式短语 to take only one thing 作定语。动词不定式作后置定语动词不定式可以做后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词，一般强调动作将要发生。Have you got anything to sendI have no thi ng to say.不定式与所修饰词间的关系可有一下 4种：主谓关系被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。如：We n eed some one to help with the work.

2、( some one will help with the work )动宾关系被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如：I have many letters to write. ( to write many letters )同位关系不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。如：We have made a pla n to lear n from Lei Feng.状语关系被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。如：Thats the way to do it. 那样做才对。I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那儿。作定语的

3、不定式如果含有不及物动词，且不定式所修饰的名词或代词表示地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词，但当不定时所修饰的名词是 time, place 或way时，不定式后的介词通常省去。Please give me a kn ife to cut with.Mary had no money and no place to live. 辨析：动名词、现在分词做定语动名词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系， 只表示被修饰名词的一般用途，必须位于名词之前。如：There is a swim ming pool in our school.现在分词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的

4、主谓关系，表示所修饰名词的特征,一般强调动作正在发生。如 ：Liste n to the singing bird.Who is the boy running towards us。练习：(1)Bird s singing is sometimes a warning to other birds away.A. to stay B. stay ing C. stayed D. stay(2) The ability an idea is as importa nt as the idea itself.A. express ing B. expressed C. to express D.

5、 to be expressed2.In the farmyards, the chicke ns and even the pigs were too n ervous to eat.too. to. 结构该句型在多数情况下表示否定意义，通常为“太而不能，太而无法” 。该结构用法说明如下：too为副词，修饰形容词或其他副词。 to为不定式符号，其后接动词原形。The hat is too large to wear.He walks too slowly to get there on time. 不定式作结果状语，常用主动形式，其逻辑主语有时是句子的主语，有时不是，若不是，不定式的逻辑主语

6、通常由 for引出。The book is too difficult for us to read.She was too short to reach the apples on the table. 该句型可以与so .that. ”，not .enough to. ”句型转换。She is too short to reach the book on the shelf.=She is not tall eno ugh to reach the book on the shelf.=She is so short that she can t reach the book on the

7、 shelf.too. to. 有时也可以表示肯定的意义：too后跟ready, eager, willing, pleased, glad 等表示心情或倾向性的形容词时too前有only, all 等副词对其进行修饰时He is too eager to know the result of the exam in ati on.I am only too glad to accept your in vitati on.can/could not. too/e no ugh 结构常出现在情景对话中，表示再怎样也不未过，无论怎么也不够”。You cannot be too careful w

8、he n cross ing the road.I cannot tha nk you eno ugh.练习：同义句转换：1The boy is too young to join the army.2It is too cold for the stude nts to play on the playgro und.3t an swer it.The teacher s question was too difficult that the students couldn Must I turn off the lights after work- Of course. You can n

9、ever be careful to do that.A.eno ugh B. too C. so D. very3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 此句为简单句， 该句中的looking for places to hide作ran的伴随状语，状语中动作lookfor与句子的谓语ran表示的动作同时发生。现在分词作伴随状语现在分词表示主动，所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作是同时或几乎同时发生的。现在分 词作状语，是对谓语动词所表示的动作或状态的补充说明。现在分词作伴随状语的具体用法如 下：现在分词作伴随状语时其逻

10、辑主语为句子的主语， 且现在分词与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词所表示的动作是伴随着句子的谓语动词表示的动作而发生或存在的， 是主语的另个、较次要的动作。现在分词作伴随状语，可位于句首或句末。现在分词作伴随状语时没有相应的状语从句可以与之相互转换，但可以转换为相应的并列 句。He sat at the table reading China Daily .She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. (= She came into the house, and carried a lot of books.)He lay on

11、the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. (= He lay on the grass, andstared at the sky for a long time.)练习:用括号内动词的适当形式填空1The sun light is white and bli nding, (throw) shadows on the ground.2Do you wake up every morning (feel) en ergetic and ready to start a new day4.It seemed as if the world wa

12、s at an end!本句为主从复合句，其中 as if引导的表语从句，该从句用了陈述语气。 as if引导从句的用法as if意为似乎，好像”，可以引导方式状语从句与表语从句。其意义和用法与 as though相同。 引导表语从句，常置于系动词 look, seem, sou nd 等之后。She looks as though/if she were ten years youn ger.引导方式状语从句，用来修饰主句的谓语。The child talks to us as though/if he were a grow n-up.as though/if 引导的从句有时用省略形式，

13、as though/if 后面可接形容词、副词、不定式、名词、分词、或介词短语等。He acted as though/if (he were) a fool.Tom raised his hand as though/if (he were going) to say someth ing.as though/if 从句的语气：1如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，那么从句就用陈述语气；2如果从句所表示的情况没有依据，只是表达一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，那么就用虚拟语气，用法如下：“as if/though + 从句”表示虚拟的情况虚拟情况从句时态与现在事实相反般过去时态与过

14、去事实相反过去完成时态与将来事实相反Should/would/might/could + 动词原形You treat them as if/though they were your pare nts. He kept work ing as though/if nothing had happe ned. It looks as though/if it is going to snow.练习：用括号内词的适当形式填空)Eliza remembers everyth ing as if it (happe n) yesterday. He talked about the book as t

15、hough he (read) it. In fact, he didn t readit. The sky looks so dark that it looks as though it .5.(1) On e-third of the nation felt it. All of the city s hospitals, 75%of its factories and buildings and 90%of its homeswere gone.“分数/百分数+ of + 名词”作主语时的主谓一致问题“分数/百分数+ of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由 of后面的名词的单复数来

16、决定。About one third of the books are worth read ing.Only 60 perce nt of the work was done yesterday.About 20 perce nt of the stude nts are abse nt today.“ some of, plenty of, a lot of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of,the majority of. + 名词” 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由 of后接的名词决定。The rest of the money

17、 bel ongs to you.The rest of the stude nts are praised.A lot of stude nts are wait ing impatie ntly outside.A lot of money has bee n wasted for no reas on.分数的表达法：分子在前，分母在后；分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是 2或大于2时，分母用复数形式。one fourth three fifths two thirds two and three fifths百分数的表达法：百分数是有基数词和百分号或 percent构成的thirty-f

18、ive perce nt练习：(1) One-third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people.A,is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is The factory used 65 perce nt of the raw materials, the rest of which savedfor other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were6.Thousa nds of families were k

19、illed and many childre n were left without pare nts.本句是 and 连接的并列句， many children were left without parents 是 left many childrenwithout pare nts 的被动形式。 without pare nts 为介宾短语，在句中充当主语补足语，表示主 语所处的状态。“leave + 宾语+宾补”结构在该结构中leave表示“使处于状态”，其后通常接复合宾语，其中宾补可由名词、形容词、 副词、现在分词、介宾短语等充当。其常见结构如下：leave + 宾语+形容词/副词/

20、介词短语Don s leave the door ope n.He hurried home, leaving his keys in the office.leave + 宾语+现在分词，表示使某人或某物一直做某事。其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。Don t leave me wait ing outside too long.leave + 宾语+过去分词，表示宾语所处的状态或动作已经完成。其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系。The bad weather left the project half fini shed.leave + 宾语+名词His pa

21、re nts died, leavi ng him an orpha n.练习：用leave的相关结构完成句子。工作不要半途而废。Don t . 他直接上床睡觉了，没有关电视。He went to bed straight, .7.Then, later that after noon, ano ther big quake which was almost as strong as the firstone shook Tan gsha n.本句为主从复合句， 定语从句 which was almost as strong as the first one修饰先行词 anotherbig q

22、uake。本句中的 as strong as 属于“ as. as ” 结构。“ as.as ”结构as. as 结构表示同级比较，意为“和 一样” ，其中第一个as是副词，第二个as是连!词。 as. as结构可用于肯疋句或否疋句中，该结构用于否疋句时可与 so. as 结构互换。 as. as结构的几种形式：as + adj./adv.( 原级)+ asas + adj. + a/an + 单数可数名词 + asas many +可数名词复数+ asas much +不可数名词+asHe doesn t play the piano so/as well as his elder sist

23、er.His bedroom is as neat as his elder sister s.He is as hon est a man as you.You ve made as many mistakes as I have.I can carry as much paper as you can. as (so). as 结构有时可采用省略形式，即保留 as (so).，把后面的as以及其后的成分一同省略。The piano in that shop will be cheaper, but not as/so good (as the pianos in this shop). a

24、s. as结构若有表示倍数的修饰词 twice, half等，需要把修饰的词置于第一个 as前面t “倍数表达法”，用法如下：A + 谓语动词 + 倍数 + as + adj./adv. + as + BThe tree is twice as tall as the house.He runs three times as fast as her. 他跑步是她的 3 倍快。练习： (1) This restaura nt was n t that other restaura nt we went to.A. so useful a wayB.as a useful wayC.as usef

25、ul a way D. such a useful way用as. as 结构完成句子第一课与第二课一样容易。2Jack与Kate 一样努力学习。3我很少看到妈妈像现在这样对我的进步这么满意。8. All hope was not lost.部分否定表示部分否定时，用否定副词 not与表示整体或全部意义的词 every, everyone, everybody,everyth ing, both, all 连用，意为并不都是；不全是”。Not both of his sisters agree to his suggesti on.It is true that he is rich, but

26、 he must know money is not everyth ing.All bamboo doesn t grow well. = Not all bamboo grows tall.Both of them haven t read this story. = Not both of them have read this story.Every man is not hon est. = Not everyma n is hon est.全部否定的表达方式：的谓语。9.Here are my n eighbours whose home was destroyed by the

27、earthquake.本句是一个复合句。Here位于句首，句子使用了全部倒装，即把谓语are放在主语 myneighbours前面。whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词 my neighbours. here, there 等副词位于句首引起的全部倒装here, there, out, up 等表示方向或方位的副词位于句首时，句子要用全部倒装。全部倒装是指将全部谓语提至主语前面。此种情况中谓语动词常为表示位置移动的动词且主语为名词。Here is your letter.There goes the bell.Out rushed a boy. 上述情况中，当主语时名词时用全部倒装；当主语是代词

28、时，则部分不倒装。Here he comes.Here you are. 归纳总结： 表示地点的介词短语与上述副词一样，位于句首时，句子使用全部倒装。表地点的介词短语位 于句首是为了强调地点概念。这时谓语动词通常为 be, stand, lie, come, walk, sit 等。In the distance lies a car.Inside the parcel was a letter.In the front of the lecture hall sits a professor.练习： Up into the air. Then the crowd cheered up.A.

29、go the balloons B. did the balloons goC. went the balloons D. the balloons went At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River , one ofthe ten largest cities in China.A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing liesC. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie 部分倒装结构 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果

30、句中的谓语没有助动词或 情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did ，并将其置于主语之前。no1) 表示否定或半否定的词语置于句首时，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at time, in no way, notun til 等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当 Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.t Not un til the child fell asleep, did my mother left the room.only在句首要倒装的情况 （主倒从不倒）Only in this way, can you lear n En glish well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meetin