3初高中英语衔接教材编写.docx

1、3初高中英语衔接教材编写第一章 语音基本知识 英语国际音标入门（内部资料）英语音素分类表元音单元音长元音短元音双元音辅音清辅音浊辅音第三章 重要词性了解一、名词名词分类普通名词个体名词表示人或物的个体，如：teacher, pen, hand集体名词表示个体组成的集合体，如：family, team, police物质名词表示无法分为个体的固体、液体、气体等实物，如：ice, water, gas抽象名词表示抽象概念的，如性质、状态、情感等的名词，如：sadness, happiness, work专有名词人名、地名、机构、事物、组织、概念、节日等。名词复数构成规律规则变化一般直接在名词后加-

2、s以字母-s,-sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词后加-es以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，把-f/-fe改为-v，再加-es以-0结尾的名词的复数多数加-es以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要把y改为i，再加-es不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母单复数形式相同，如：sheep, deer, fish, means表示某国人的名词的复数形式因习惯不同而各异a.单复数形式相同（多以ese结尾），如：Chinese, , Swissb.词尾加-s（多以-an结尾），如：Americans, Koreans, Indiansc.将man变成men，将woman变成 women，如：Englishman-En

3、glishmen其他形式，如：mousemice, child- children名词所有格加-s/-s名词单数形式,用-s,表示,如: the girls books复数形式,用s表示,如Teachers books注：所有格后所接名词表示地点时候，地点名词可省略。如：the doctors复合名词在最后的名词后加s，如brother-in-laws books表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城市，地点无生命的名词也可用s形式来表示其所有关系，如：three days walk借助介词of无生命的物体的名词所有格常用of表示。如：the cover of the book双重所有格由s所有格和o

4、f所有格组合修饰名词，如：an old friend of Toms二、代词种类人称人称代词物主代词反身代词第一人称I, we, me, usmy, our, mine, oursmyself, ourselves第二人称youyour, yoursyourself,yourselves第三人称we, he, she, ithis, her, its, hers, theirshimself, herself,itself, themselves指示代词this, that, these, those, such, the same不定代词all, both, neither, none, e

5、ither, each, many, few, little,another, much, one, ones, some, any以及no-/some-/any-/every-+body/one/thing疑问代词who, whom, whose, what, which相互代词each, other, one, another, each others, one anothersExercises:1. Here is the that his younger brother loves best.A. coffee cup B. coffees cup C. cup of coffee

6、D. coffee of cup2. Mr. Tony always has to tell his students at the beginning of his lectures.A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news3. As a businessman, Mr. Li gained his by selling famous of English and American writers.A. wealth;

7、 work B. wealth; works C. wealths ; works D. wealths ; work4. He is a kind-hearted man. People can get on well with him.A. Few B. A little C. Quite a few D. Little5. The post office isnt far from here. Its only bicycle ride.A. half an hours B. an hour and a half C. half an hour D. half an hours6. Th

8、e population of Shanghai very big and most of its population native people.A. are ; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are7. Would you like to have ,Tom?No, thanks, l have had enough.A. any more orange and apples B. some more oranges and applesC. any more oranges and apples D. some more oranges and ap

9、ple8. Which do you prefer to drink, or coffee? , please. A. teas; Two tea B. tea; Two tea C. tea; Two teas D. teas; Two teas9. lt was really to get a present from him on her birthday party that she couldnt believe it, looking at him in .A. such big surprise; a surprise B. such a big surprise; surpri

10、seC. so big surprise; a surprise D. such big surprise; surprise10. These are bikes. The twin brothers like them very much.A. Jacks and Jerrys B. Jacks and Jerry C. Jacks and Jerry B. Jack and Jerrys11. How much water is there in the bottle? .Youd better come to fetch another bottle.A. A little B. No

11、thing C. No one D. None12. Bill works harder than in his class. He is the most excellent student l have met.A. the other boys B. other boys C. any boy D. another boy三、形容词一、成分成 分例 句定 语One of the most common languages used for creating web pages is called HTML.Who is the greatest woman writer alive in

12、 the world?表 语After getting her hair cut, she looked even more beautiful宾语补足语With the window open, many things in the shop were stolen at night.状 语The bird fell onto the ground, dead.二、比较级此外，初中还安排了形容词比较级、最高级的语法点学习。其变化规则如下表：规 则原 级比较级最高级单音节形容词在词尾加-er；-esthighfewhigherfewerhighestfewest以字母e结尾的形容词在词尾加-r

13、；-stlargewidelarger widerlargest widest以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，应先双写该辅音字母，然后加-er；-estthinbighotthinnerbiggerhotterthinnestbiggesthottest以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，须先将y变成i，然后加-er；-esthappyfunnyhappierfunnierhappiestfunniest多音节形容词前加more变比较级；加the most变最高级beautifulinterestingmore beautifulmore interestingthe

14、 most beautifulthe most interesting部分不规则的形容词变化如下表：原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest三、具体用法1、只能修饰形容词原级的词very, quite, so, too. 例如：He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了以至不能再继续走了。My brother runs so fast that I

15、cant follow him. 我弟弟跑得那么快以至我跟不上他。2、含有asas（与一样）的原级表达句式。例如：Tom is as old as Kate. 汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate. 汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。Tom runs as fast as Mike. 汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。【注意】1、否定形式not asas 也可以用成not soas“不如不及。”例如：He doesnt walk as slowly as you. 他走路不像你那样慢。This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如

16、那个大。2、可以修饰比较级的词much, a lot, a great deal, far, by far(得多)，a little, a bit(一点儿)，even(甚至)，still(仍然)，any(用于否定、疑问句中)。例如：Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before. 汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。This train runs much faster than that one. 这辆火车比那辆跑得快。She drives still more careful

17、ly than her husband. 她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。【典型例题】1、The experiment was easier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more much答案C。much可修饰比较级，easier本身已是比较级，不能再用more.2、最高级表示三者及三者以上事物间的比较，常与of，in连用。例如：The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。 The Yangtze River is longer than any

18、other river in China. 长江比中国其他任何一条河都长。Of all the planets, the Mercury is the nearest to the sun. 在所有的行星中，水星离太阳最近。3、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。例如：He is getting taller and taller. 他长得越来越高了.The flowers are more and more beautiful. 花儿越来越漂亮。4、“the + 比较级the+比较级”表示“越，就越”。例如：The more careful you are, the fewer mis

19、takes youll make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。【典型例题】 children there are in a family, their life will be.A. The less, the better B. The fewer, the better C. Fewer, richer D. More, poorer答案B。由句意得知“家里孩子越少，生活会越好。”children是可数名词，应用few来修饰。四、形容词与不定代词的搭配连用当形容词和不定代词something, anything, noting, everything连用时，这些代词应放在前面，形容词在后面

20、。例如：Do you have anything interesting to tell us all today? 今天有啥有趣的事情跟我们大家说说吗？Take it easy. There is nothing serious with your disease, which is just a cold. 别紧张，你的病无大碍，只是感冒而已。【典型例题】I have to do today.A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something答案B。形容词修饰不定代

21、词时应放在其后面。故排除C、D。句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”，表示肯定用something.五、形容词与enough的搭配连用当形容词enough和不定代词连用时，形容词放在前面，enough在后面。例如：Charlie was lucky enough to have been taken to the Loch Ness with families. 查理足够幸运地被家人带着去过尼斯湖。【注意】1. 只能用作定语，不能用作表语的形容词：little, wooden , golden, many, elder不能说The boy is little. The watch is golde

22、n / wooden.2. 只能作表语，不能用作定语的形容词：well, ill, alone, content, unable, worth, afraid, alive, asleep, ashamed, awake, aware例如：an ill boy, an alone village就是用错的短语。可以说an ill idea“坏点子”，ill当定语时是转义，不是“有病的”了。3. 英语形容顺序当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词，形容词该如何排列？为什么不能说a black new pen,而是说成a new black pen? 这里面有无规则可循？如果你记住下列口决：好美小高状其新，

23、颜色国料特别近。那你就能掌握英语中系列形容词做前置定语时的排列问题。“好”代表评价性的形容词，如nice, good, kind等；“美”指描述物体给人的心理感受的形容词，如beautiful, pretty, handsome, ugly, good-looking, lovely等；“小”指描述物体大小的形容词，如small, big, large, little等；“高”指描述物体的高低/矮的形容词，如tall, high, short, deep, wide, shallow, thick等；“状”指描述物体形状的形容词。如round, square, narrow等;“其”是整个口诀

24、中的语气词，无含义。“新”指描述物体新旧的形容词。如new, old young等。“颜色”就是red, green, blue, pink, black, yellow, purple这类词语。“国”也就是描述国籍类的形容词。如Chinese, Germany, Russian, Spanish等。“料”指描述物体制成所用的材料。如plastic, metal, wood, aluminum, wool, cotton, glass, steel等。英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列，如a nice long new black British plastic pen 当然，实际语

25、言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。4. 英语同源形容词的区别在英语中某些词有两种或两种以上的形容词形式，它们词形相近，但词义不同，容易用错。 v-ing 表示事物的特征 v-ed 表示人的心理感受frightening 令人恐惧的Frightened对感到恐惧delightingdelightedannoyingannoyedexcitingexcited【典型例题】The boy on the tree asked in a voice,“Are you sure Im going to land on the mat？”A. happy B. frightened C. frigh

26、tening D. embarrassing答案B。树上的孩子害怕地问道：“你们确信我会落到垫子上吗？”a frightened voice,表明树上的孩子心理很恐惧。5.“定冠词the+形容词”表示一类人或物，用做主语时，谓语用复数形式。例如：the young 年青人 the weak 弱者 the strong 强者the disabled 残疾人 the old/aged老年人 the injured受伤人员E.g: The injured in the traffic accident have been rushed to the nearest hospital. 交通事故中受伤

27、的人员已经被迅速送到最近的医院去了。6.“not +比较级”并不表示否定，而是表示正面的肯定。例如：I couldnt agree more. 我绝对赞同。You couldnt have chosen a better gift for me.你挑选给我的是最好的礼物。7. 并非所有的形容词都有比较级。如：superior, senior, junior, similar, different, necessary, impossible等形容词没有比较级、最高级的用法。【典型例题】After we compare the two, we find this design is that o

28、ne.A. more superior to B. far superior than C. more superior than D. far superior to答案D。“对比之后，我们发现这款设计比那一款要优越”。形容词superior没有比较级形式，选项A.C.用了比较级，故错误；superior 与to搭配连用，故B也错。8. 连系动词seem, feel, sound, appear, remain, look, go, turn, get, become常接形容词构成系表结构。例如：The witness remained silent over the matter for

29、some reasons. 出于某些原因，目击者对此事保持沉默。Your proposal sounds very practical. 你的提议听起来很实用。Exercises:1. Several hours later, with the help of the police, the students managed to escape from the dangerous place, .A. hungry and frightened B. hungrily and frighteningC. hungry and frightening D. hungrily and frigh

30、tened2. l feel even now.A . bad B. well C. worse D. worst3. She was very happy. She ran of all the runners.A. fastest B. the quickest C. slowest D. quickly4. Keep quiet, please. Its noisy here.A. many too B. too many C. much too D. too much5. Have you spoken to a foreigner? No, A. already; never B. ever; never C. yet; already D. ever; ever6. He is taller than in his class.A. any boy B. any c. any other boy D. some other boys7. Englis