英语新同步译林选修七江苏专用精编讲义Unit3SectionⅣGrammar.docx

1、英语新同步译林选修七江苏专用精编讲义Unit3SectionGrammarSection_Grammar & Writing 语法图解 探究发现I am speaking in favour of the Internet.There are two main points which must be included when we analyse the Internet.With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse, a student will find abundant information.These problems do

2、 not occur as often when people use traditional reference materials.To help solve this problem, a special clinic was opened in Beijing in 2005.One university did a study about the students who had dropped out.我的发现(1)按英语词类划分，以上各句中黑体部分的词均为助动词。(2)以上各句中黑体部分的词均无词汇意义，不能单独作谓语。(3)句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词一起构成被动语态。(4

3、)句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词一起构成某种时态。(5)句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词“occur”一起构成否定形式。一、助动词的概念协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉语翻译，用于构成时态、语态。二、助动词的分类类别例词特点基本助动词be, do, have无词汇意义，只有语法作用，协助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等助动词短语(半助动词)be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be meant to,

4、be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to, be unable to, be unwilling to在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间的一类结构其他助动词will, shall, should， would无词义，主要用来构成将来时即时演练1(1)用适当的助动词填空In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.I havent seen him for a long time.Only when we began our college life did

5、we realize the importance of English.He will come to the office this afternoon.These books are not supposed to be taken out of the readingroom.(2)(2014湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart _ good relationships with others.Awill you keep Byou will keepCyou kept Ddid you keep解析：选A句意：只有当你能找到内

6、心的安宁时，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。本句中only时间状语从句位于句首，故主句部分要用部分倒装，且根据句意可知，主句需用一般将来时，故选A。三、基本助动词的用法1助动词be的用法用法例句be 现在分词，构成进行时态English is becoming more and more important.They were having a meeting.be 过去分词，构成被动语态English is taught throughout the world.The window was broken by Tom.be 动词不定式表示最近、未来的计划或安排He is to go to Ne

7、w York next week.表示命令You are to explain this.即时演练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(北京高考改编)Hi, lets go skating.Sorry, Im busy right now.I am_filling (fill) in an application form for a new job.(大纲卷改编)Unless some extra money is_found (find), the theatre will close.(2)完成句子她现在正在写一本书。She is_writing_a_book now.当我到达那里时，他们正在

8、看电视。They were_watching_TV when I got there.很多人在地震中丧生。Many people were_killed in the earthquake.今天下午2点你到我们老师的办公室来。You are_to_get to our teachers office at 2 oclock this afternoon.(3)(2014重庆高考)James has just arrived, but I didnt know he _ until yesterday.Awill come Bwas comingChad come Dcame解析：选B前一句说J

9、ames已经到了，然后用but语意一转说直到昨天才知道他要来，据此可知应该填表示将来含义的时态。A项虽然表示将来，但是因为主句用了过去时，从句不能用一般将来时，因此只能选择B项，用过去进行时表将来。2助动词have的用法用法例句have/had 过去分词，构成完成时态By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.have been 现在分词，构成完成进行时I have been studying English for ten years. have been 过去分词，构成完成时态的被动语态English has

10、 been taught in China for many years.即时演练3(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(天津高考改编)We wont start the work until all the preparations have_been_made (make)(湖南高考改编)Since the time humankind started gardening, we have_been_trying (try) to make our environment more beautiful.(江苏高考改编)How much do you know about the Youth Oly

11、mpic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well, the media have/has_covered (cover) it in a variety of forms.(2)完成句子那不可能是约翰，他进城了。It cant be John. He has_gone_to_town.我一上午都在修理冰箱。I have_been_fixing_the_fridge all this morning.英语在我国已被广泛使用。English has_been_used_widely in our country.(3)(2015天津高考)Despite the previ

12、ous rounds of talks, no agreement_ so far by the two sides.Ahas been reached Bwas reachedCwill reach Dwill have reached解析：选A句意：尽管以前进行了多轮的会谈，但到目前为止双方尚未达成任何协议。由时间状语so far(常和现在完成时连用)可判断，用现在完成时；而协议是被达成，所以还要用被动语态。故选A。3助动词do的用法用法例句构成一般疑问句Do you want to pass the CET？donot构成否定句I do not want to be criticized

13、.构成否定祈使句Dont be so absentminded.放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气Do shut up！用于倒装句Little did I know about the city when I was young.代替实义动词以避免重复She works harder than he does.名师点津(1)构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。(2)加强动词语气，应在具备以下两个条件时使用：只用于一般时；只用于肯定句。(3)用于倒装句，应具备副词 never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so等位于句首的条件。即时演练4(1)写出助动词在

14、下列各句中的用法They dont do their homework at home.构成一般现在时的否定式Does she get up early in the morning?构成一般现在时的疑问式When did he graduate from the Cambridge?构成一般过去时的疑问式Do come to my birthday party please.放在动词原形前加强语气I dont know where he lives; nor do I care.用于倒装句(2)(2015天津高考)Only when Lily walked into the office_t

15、hat she had left the contract at home.Ashe realized Bhas she realizedCshe has realized Ddid she realize解析：选D句意：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。“only状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句用部分倒装语序。由walked可知此处用一般过去时。故选D。四、半助动词的用法半助动词指在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间，本身带有词义的一类结构。常见的半助动词有appear to, happen to, turn out to, would rather, be about to

16、, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have (got) to, had better, seem to, be able to, get to, be certain to等。它们既能与主要动词构成复杂的动词词组，也可与基本助动词和情态助动词搭配充当“主要动词”。Tom would rather read than talk.Jim parted from his friends, saying, “I have got to subscribe to th

17、is arrangement.”These bacteria are likely to make certain body parts swell up.It is likely that these bacteria will make certain body parts swell up.即时演练5(1)写出下列各句中加黑部分的汉语意思You are not supposed to park your car here.应该We have to be careful when driving.必须My father used to walk to work.过去常常He is like

18、ly to win the game.很有可能(2)(2015陕西高考)At college, Barack Obama didnt know that he _ the first black president of the United States of America.Awas to become BbecomesCis to become Dbecame解析：选A句意：在大学时，贝拉克奥巴马不知道他会成为美国第一任黑人总统。由didnt know可知，此处表示在过去(上大学时)看将来，要用过去将来时，即would/should do，也可以用was/were to do表示，故选A

19、项。五、其他助动词(will/shall, would/should)的用法用法例句will/shall动词原形，构成一般将来时。I shall study harder at English.He will go to Shanghai.would/should动词原形，构成过去将来时。I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.即时演练6(1)完成句子他说他第二天来。He said he would_come the next day.明天她要领着孩子们逛动物园。Tomorrow she will_take/sh

20、ow_her_children around the zoo.我听说你要升职了。I heard that you would_get_a_promotion.(2)(2014浙江高考)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ to our help.Awould have come Bcould comeChave come Dhad come解析：选A句意：我们进行调查研究的那几个月他们刚好在国外，否则他们会来帮忙的。此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气。故选A

21、。.用所给词的适当形式填空1He will_start/is_starting (start) the work in a few minutes.2If it doesnt_rain (not rain) tomorrow, the sports meeting will take place.3He did (do) come to visit us yesterday as he had promised.4If you promise to return it on time, you shall_get (get) one.5Look! The race is about to_st

22、art (start)6Many tall buildings will_be_built (build) in my town next year.7Would you like to answer my question?8I have_been_washing (wash) clothes all this morning.9When he was at college, he would_go (go) to the concert once a week.10Youre supposed to_make (make) an appointment with the educator.

23、完成句子1当处于困境时，他没有向别人求助。He didnt_turn_to_others when in trouble.2当你去国外的时候一定要与我们保持通信。Do_correspond_with_us when you go abroad.3由于贫穷，他很可能会退学。He will_be_likely_to_drop_out because of poverty.4我想知道他究竟应该做什么。I wonder what on earth he_is_supposed_to_do.5我们过去时常见面，但是自从他出国以后我就没有收到过他的来信。We used_to_see_each_other_

24、regularly,_but I havent heard from him since he went abroad.6自那以来我们一直教英语。We have_been_teaching_English since then.7这本书是由一位著名的作家写的。The book was_written by a famous writer.8会议明天一早举行。The meeting is_to_take_place early tomorrow.9音乐会已经推迟到下周五。The concert has_been_put_off until next Friday.10昨天，我到家时，弟弟正在玩电

25、脑游戏。My brother was_playing_computer_games when I got home yesterday.单项填空1(湖南高考)In a room above the store, where a party _， some workers were busily setting the table.Awas to be held Bhas been heldCwill be held Dis being held解析：选A句意：在将要举行聚会的商店上面的一个房间里，一些工人正在忙着摆桌子。因为聚会将要举行，故用将来时。“be不定式”结构常用来表示按计划、安排将要

26、做某事，又因题干表达过去的事情，故选A。2(山东高考)They made up their mind that they _ a new house once Larry changed jobs. Abought Bwould buyChave bought Dhad bought解析：选B句意：他们下定决心，一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买套新房子。根据主句中的关键词made可知该题的语境是发生在过去；同时once引导的条件状语从句中的changed这一动作还未发生，用的是一般过去时表示过去将来时的用法，所以主句应该用过去将来时，即would buy。3In such dry weather,

27、the flowers will have to be watered if they _.Ahave survived Bare to surviveCwould survive Dwill survive解析：选B句意：在这样干燥的天气里，这些花若想存活，就必须浇水。在条件状语从句中，谓语动词不用一般将来时，但可以用be to do sth.结构。4(江苏高考)“Never for a second，” the boy says, “_ that my father would come to my rescue.”AI doubted Bdo I doubtCI have doubted

28、 Ddid I doubt解析：选D句意：这个男孩说：“我从来没有怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。”表示否定意义的短语never for a second位于句首，句子需要部分倒装，根据句意可知男孩是在回忆父亲救他时的情景，因此用一般过去时态，答案为D。5(江西高考)Tony, why are your eyes red?I _ up peppers for the last five minutes.Acut Bwas cuttingChad cut Dhave been cutting解析：选D句意：“托尼，你的眼睛为什么是红的？”“刚刚五分钟我一直在切辣椒。”句中出现的时间状语为“for the

29、last five minutes”，表示动作发生在过去，到现在已持续一段时间，而且可能继续下去。因此，D项现在完成进行时符合语境。6(湖南高考)Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours.Acan; have to Bmay; canChave to; may Dought to; must解析：选A句意：飞行员工作的有些方面是枯燥的，而且飞行员经常得在不方便的时间工作。根据语境可知，第一个空用can或may都可以；第二个空表示客观上“必须，不得不”，所以用ha

30、ve to，故选A项。7(北京高考)What time is it?I have no idea. But just a minute, I _ it for you.Acheck BcheckedCwill check Dwould check解析：选C句意：“几点了？”“我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。”由just a minute可知，下文表示临时的决定，应用一般将来时，故选C项。8(四川高考)She _ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.Aphoned Bhad phonedCwas phoning Dhas phoned解析：选C句意：当时她正打电话给别人，所以我对她点了点头，离开了。根据句意可知，空格处用过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动