完整中考英语语法汇总专题复习2推荐文档.docx

1、完整中考英语语法汇总专题复习2推荐文档.名词的定义专题一 名 词名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。 名词可分为专有名词和普名词。专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。（见资料）如：Yao Ming 姚明； China 中国；Christmas 圣诞节等。. 可数名词和不可数名词 普通名词按照其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和 不可数名词。1.可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。如：an apple; two apples 。 注意： a 用于以辅音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前；an 用

2、于以元音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前。如：a book/buk/, a useful/ju:sful/ book ，an apple/aepl/ ，a red apple , an hour/aua/2.不可数名词: 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，没有复数形式。(1)物质名词。如： water; rice; tea; milk; food; fruit; meat; fish(鱼 肉); chicken(鸡肉); beef; mutton; orange(橙汁)；sugar; salt; paper(纸); porridge; bread; sand; juice等。 这类不可数名词

3、需要计量时要在名词前加表示量的词。如：a cup of tea; two bags of rice; three bottles of water等。(2)抽象名词。如： news; music; time(时间); information等。(3)不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词连用。(4)注意有些名词既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词。如：fish; time; glass; orange; room; noise; chicken等。但使用时一定要区分它们表达的不同意义。. 名词的数1.情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags

4、/car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加 -es读/iz/bus-buses/ watch-watchesWish-wishes/ box-boxes以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es读/z/baby-babies以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es读/vz/shelfshelves,wolfwolves, lifelives,knifeknives.可数名词复数形式的规则变化：2.可数名词复数形式的的不规则变化(1)元音或词尾发生变化如：manmen; womanwomen; French

5、manFrenchmen; toothteeth;footfeet; childchildren(2)单复数形式相同如：sheepsheep; fishfish; ChineseChinese; JapaneseJapanese; yuanyuan(3)形式为单数意思为复数 如：people，police（集合名词）(4)形式为复数意思为单数如：news, maths, physics, the United States等。(5)只用复数形式如：pants, shorts, clothes，glasses(眼镜)等。3.不可数名词的量的表示：（不能直接用数字；不能直接加a。an；无复数形式）

6、(1)表不定数量时，一般用much，(a)little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等词修饰。(2)表确定数量时，一般用“数词量词of不可数名词。如：a piece of paper, a piece of news, a bag of rice, two glasses of milk, four bottles of water（1）.名词的所有格：1.有生命的名词所有格(1)单数名词后加s 。如：my brothers book(2)不以s 结尾的复数名词后加s 。如：the childrens football(3)以s 结尾的复数名词后加 。如：the b

7、oys game(4)以s 结尾的专有名词后直接加 。如：Dickens novels(5)某物为两个名词共有时，在第二个名词后加s : 如：Tom and Davids room.(6)表示两个名词各自拥有的东西，在两个名词后都加s: 如：Tomsand Davids rooms.2.无生命的事物的名词所有格(of所有格)(1)of名词。如：a photo of my family, the door of the classroom注意：“of名词s/名词性物主代词” 构成双重所有格 如：a friend of mine, a friend of Jims。(2)表示时间或距离，国家，城市

8、的方法。也可用s来构成所有格如：ten minutes drive十分钟车程；a months holiday一个月的假期。Chinas capital(3)表称呼、职业等名词的所有格可以表示人的住所或工作场所。所有格后面的名词一般被省去。如：at his brothers; at the doctors; at the barkers; at Mr Reads(4)用所有格表示节日的方法： 如：Teachers Day; Childrens Day.（除了父亲节和母亲节其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示。） 如：Mothers Day; Fathers Day.（5）.由some、any、

9、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。This is (somebody else ) pencil .四、名词作句子成分：1.名词作主语1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Two hours (be) enough for us to get there .2).量词短语“数字+量词+ of +”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。A pair of shoes (be) under the bed . Two pieces of paper (be) on the d

10、esk .3).名词+介词（with、except 、along with .）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。The teacher with the students (be) planting trees on the hill .4).短语“neithernor、eitheror、not onlybut also ”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。Neither he nor I (be) a Frenchman .2.名词作定语1).名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。变复数时，名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如：a banana treebanana trees; a sh

11、oe factoryshoe factoriesThere is a shoe factory near the school .2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sport ) The sports meeting will be held next week .3).man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。one man teacher two women teachers（2）词类 一 名词( ) 1.（2009广州）You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday af

12、ternoon?I did Christmas shopping.A. a lot of B. a few ofC. a number of D. a piece of( ) 2.（2009武汉）Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？I generally make it a to be up by 7 to read English.A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule( ) 3.（2009武汉）Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum!Mind your own

13、 ,Sue!A. action B. duty C. business D. Way( ) 4.（2009广州）The letter from my uncle was short. There wasnt news.A. many B. a few C. much D. few( ) 5.（2009威海）-Why didnt you take a taxi back last night?-Because I didnt have any with me.A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money( ) 6.（2009成都）John always says t

14、hat he likes apples of all the .A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks( ) 7.（2009江西）-You look worried. Whats your ?-I have trouble learning English.A. name B. question C. problem D. job( ) 8.（2009南京）-Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?-Im afraid we have no but to take a taxi.A. cho

15、ice B. decision C. reason D. information( ) 9.（2009河南）I like a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles( ) 10.（2009宜昌）-In my opinion, China has more to deal with the disease ofA/H1N1.-I quite agree with you. Chinese medicine works well.A. advanta

16、ges B. interests C. equipments D. materials ( ) 11.（2009娄底）Its said that you have moved into a new house.Yeah，and we need to buy some in the mall nearby.A. food B. furniture C. hamburger( )12.（2009孝感）All the was their own holiday.teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because itA. man B. men C. w

17、oman D. women ( ) 13.（2009湖北孝感）Emma, who are you taking of at home? My grandma, she got hurt in an accident.A. place B. part C. seat D. care( ) 14.（2009山西）-How can I see thick snow in most northern parts of China?-You have to wait till comes, Steve.A. summer B. autumn C. winter( ) 15.（2009山西）Lets ge

18、t some about tourism on the Internet.A. information B. message C. invention( ) 16.（2009无锡） the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are teachers.A. A number of ; women B. A number of ; womanC. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman( ) 17.（2009绥德）Mike and his friend ar

19、e going to the to see the new actionmovie tonight.A. book shop B. restaurantC. concert D. cinema(3)( ) 18.(2009.安徽)-Shall we go shopping now?-Sorry. Its not the right . Im too tired.A. way B. weather C. place D. moment( ) 19.（2009.安徽）-Im afraid I cant get there before 9 oclock.-Thats OK. Theres .A.

20、no way B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry ( ) 20.（2009.漳州）-What makes you so upset?-I wanted to explain why I was late, but Mr. White didnt give me a(n) .A. way B. chance C. idea D. excuse( ) 21.（2009通化）We need to come up with a/an and make a decision at once.A. information B. advice C. idea D. ne

21、ws( ) 22.（2009德州）Look at the flowers! They are in different : red, yellow, pinkA. colors B. sizes C. prices D. names( ) 23.（2009恩施）Id like grapes and pears.Oh, I only need orange juice.A. some; a few B. a few; someC. a little; few D. a little; a few( )2 4.（2009阜康） What would you like to drink? , ple

22、ase.A. Rice B. Meat C. Water D. Bread( ) 25.（2009朝阳）-You look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are?-Oh, sorry. Its a(n) .A. problem B. instructionC. secret D. business( ) 26.（2009安顺）We should not eat meat.A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too( ) 27.（2009安顺）I dont under

23、stand the story though there are A. few B. little C. a few D. a littlenew words in it.( ) 28.（2009安顺）This is not my dictionary. Its . She lent it to me this morning.A. my sister B. my sistersC. my sisters D. my sisters( ) 29.（2009安顺）A school in Anshun held an activity called “Recommend(推荐) Books to

24、Your Teachers”. The students made a of 1,0000 books!A. note B. line C. menu D. list( ) 30.（2009莆田）-I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What about you?-OK. Lets go and buy some .A. orange B. bread C. chocolate( ) 31.（2009莆田）Hurry up. There is time left.A. a little B. little C. few 32.(2010内江)W

25、ell,you look so happy!-Because Ive got a good .A.work B. news C.job D. ideas( ) 33. (2010上海)You can get much about the World Expo on the Internet.A.map B.picture C.ticket D.information( ) 34. (2010上海)The customers are pleased with the of the restaurant.A.balance B.experience C.surface D.service( ) 3

26、5. (2010晋江)Lily has a silk . Listen, she is singing in the next room!- How nice!.A. look B. noise C. voice( ) 36.（2010通化）We need to come up with a/an and make a decision at once. A.information B.advice C.idea D.news( ) 37.(2010湖州)-Would you like some ?-No,thank you.Im not hungry at all.A.water B.boo

27、ks C.clothes D.bread(4)( )38.（2010荆州)When will the 2010 World Expo(世博会) come to a close?Itll close at the end of .A. September B. October C. November D. December ( )39.（2010武汉）Why are you still waiting in line?-Ive missed my .A. place B. order C. turn D. time( )40.(2010河南)It was very hard for me to

28、make a but J decided to leave my job.A suggestion B decision C plan D speech( )41.（2010黄冈）Good news. We will have a holiday.-Ive heard of it.But its coming in .A.three days ; three days time B.three days; three daysC.three-day; three days D.three days; three-day time( )42.（2010聊城）Why not go to Qingd

29、ao on May Day,Jim?-Im afraid its not a good .I have been there several times.A.way B.place C.advice D.idea( )43.（2010阜康）( )Mr Black gave us on how to learn English well.A.an advice B.many advices C.some advice D.some advices( )44.（2010黄石） With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ? .A.

30、 A friend of mine B. A friend of me C. A friend of my sister D. A friend of you( )45.（2010荆门）Oh, my god! The kids are making too much here. I cant do anything.A. sound B. Voice C. Noise D. footstep( )46.（2010襄樊）Whats your job , Henry?Im a ,I work late . Im very busy when people go out to dimters .A. waiter B. reporter C. teacher D. nurse( )47.(2010鸡西)How many can you see in the picture?Only one.A. Dog B. sheep C. child D. tree ( )48.（2010定西)Whats your ?I like swimming.A. job B. age C.hobby D. number( )49.(2010定西)What would you like，sir? .A. Two pop B. Two bottl