1、小升初情态动词与时态 2014年小升初英语-情态动词&时态一、情态动词的定义:情态动词有词义,但它不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化;它的后面必须跟动词原形。二、情态动词的种类:情态动词词义否定形式词义can能够,会cant不能,不会could能够,会couldnt不能,不会may可以must必须mustnt 不允许,不能shall将,要should应该shouldnt不应该need需要neednt不必would将会,愿wouldnt不会,不愿三、情态动词的用法及主要句型:1、Can I help you Yes, please. / No, thanks
2、.2、Can + 主语 + 动词原形 Yes, can. No, cant.3、Can I borrow your book-Yes,of course.4、Can I write on the book -No, you cantmustnt. 5、Could Can you help me- Yes,of course.Certainly. Sure. 6、Could Can you tell me the way to the Zoo7、May I come in - Come in, please.8、May I sit here- Yes, please.Sorry, please
3、dont.9、May I have some Coke- Yes, of course.10、May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom -Speaking. Whos calling11、should 、shouldnt 表示劝告:1) He should get up early. 2) She shouldnt play computer game too much.12、Should +主语 +动词原形 Yes, should. No, shouldnt.13、表示建议“你愿意吗”Would you like to go shopping with me -Yes,
4、 Id love to. /Id love to. But Im busy now.14、就餐用语Would you like something to eatdrink -Yes, Id like15、shall用于第一人称(I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议 “好吗” 1) Where shall we have dinner2) Shall we go fishing -All right. OK. Good idea.16、Must + 主语 + 动词原形 -Yes, must.No, neednt. 【牛刀小试】(一) 用适当的情态动词填空。1. Must I borrow t
5、he book with my ID card No, you _.2. _ I use your car Yes, you _.3. _ I go home now No, you _ stay here.4.My mother is ill. I _ stay at home and look after her.5._ you like some tea?6. You _ take more exercise.7. _ you tell me how to get to the Qingyun Park?8. The clock _ tell us the time.9. _ you l
6、ike to go fishing with me?10. _ we play football this afternoon(二) 按要求改写句子。1.I can run fast. I _ _ fast. (否定句)2.You must return the book now.(一般疑问句) _ I return the book now No, you _.3. He can play basketball well. (一般疑问句) _ he _ basketball well?4. They must take the books out of the room. (否定句) The
7、y _ _ the books out of the room. 5.He should get up early.(否定句) He _ get up late.(三) 单项选择。()1. you like some milk A .Would B.Could C .Can()2.We pick the flower in the park. A.cant B.dont C.mustnt ( ) e should more trees, and we shouldnt cut any trees. A.plant B.planting C.plants ( ) I have some coff
8、ee ,you have. B.Yes,you can. C.Yes,certainly. ( ) we visit the factory? ,we do. , we shall. right. ( ) you like something to eat? ,we would. , Id like some cakes. , of course. ( ) can I do for you? ,you can. ,I can do it. C. d like some oranges. 小升初时态归纳总结四、历年真题(大小联盟06年13年) 1. - _ I have a look at th
9、e picture - Yes, you _. A. Can, must B. Can, many C. May, can D. Must, must 2. If you _ work hard, you _ pass the exam. A. wont, wont B. wont, cant C. dont, dont D. dont, wont3. Must I borrow the book with an ID cardNo, youA.mustnt B. neednt C. shouldnt D. cant4. It scoldintheroom ._Iclosethewindow,
10、 Mum ? Yes, you may . A. Can B. May C. Must t 5. _you finish your composition in time - I am afraid _. A. Can; not B. May; mustnt C. Must; neednt D. Can; cant6. They will win the match, A. arent B. shall they C. will they D. wont they7. Stop talking! You make noises in the library. We keep quite. A.
11、 cant; must B. mustnt; should C. shouldnt; can D. cant; should I have a look at your new watch -Of course you _.A. can B. must C. will D. would 一、考点分析1、小升初主要考察的几种时态:【1】一般现在时。主要考察单三时候的动词变化。一般是动词加s或es或变y为i+es。【2】现在进行时。主语+am/is/are+动词ing。一般会有如now、look等明显的时间标志词语。【3】一般将来时。主语+am/is/are +going to+动词原形。或者主语
12、+shall/will +动词原形。一般会有tomorrow、next week,next year等等时间标志。【4】一般过去时,也就是主语+过去式。这个需要对动词的过去式非常熟悉。一般会有yesterday, last week, last year等等时间标志。总体来说这个考点的考题不会太难、理解每种时态的概念表意、记住各种时态动词的变化规律以及每种时态对应的时间状语、多做一些辅导练习,这个考点的分数中等成绩的学生一般都能拿到。2、考点分值及题型分析 时态在小升初的考试当中占的比例不是很多、分数大概在1015分之间,考的题型也多以单选题和完形填空为主。一般是时态和动词一起考。Eg: Th
13、e little girl _ a new dress. She looks beautiful. A. is putting on B. puts on C. wears D. is wearing 分析:动词wear与put on 的区别和现在进行时的用法一起考,二、小学英语四种时态的比较。知识梳理-比较四种时态的用法 时态时态定义构成形式时间状语标志一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性、规律性的动作Be动词is am areoftensometimes always every year seldom once a week行为动词Leavegetopentake startclose等现在进行
14、时表示说话的此时此刻正在发生的动作主语+be +V-ingnowat parentat this momentthese days一般将来时表示打算、计划要做的动作或事件。主语+willshall +V-原形Next time tomorrow this afternoonsoonin the future主语+be going to V-原形一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作、事情主语+V-过去式yesterdayjust nowat that timethe other day三、动词的变化规则。一般现在时主语为第三人称单数时,动词的形式动词现在分词动词过去式1)一般情况下,在动词原形后
15、面加s. 如:plays、gets2) 以o,sh,ch结尾的动词加es. 如does、goes、washes、watches、catches3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,将y改成i后再加es. 如flyflies studystudiescarrycarries. 4)特殊情况:have-has 1)一般情况下,在动词原形后面加ing. 如:playing、reading2)以不发音e结尾的动词,去e加ing. 如:makemaking taketakinghavehaving3)以“重读闭音节,辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的动词,双写最后一个字母加ing. 如:run-running, swi
16、m-swimming4)注意:以y结尾的动词变为现在分词,y不需要改变,直接加ing. 如:playing1)一般情况下,动词原形后加ed.如:cooked.2)以不发音e结尾的动词加d. 如:lived、phoned. 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,将y改成i后再加ed. 如:studystudied flyflied、try-triedcarry-carried.4)以重读闭音节(辅音+元音+辅音) 结尾的动词,双写最后一个字母加ed. 如:skipped、shopped5)不规则变化:第八册课本第90页表格四、具体讲解一般现在时用法:(1)现阶段经常性、习惯性动作,常与表示频度的时间状语
17、连用。时间状语:often,always,sometimes,usually,never,every day,every year,on Sundays,twice a year如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. (2)目前的状态; 如:Guangzhou is 2313 kilometres away from Beijing. (3)客观真理; 如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. (4)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替
18、一般将来时。(主将从现)如:Ill help you as soon as you have problem构成:主语是第三人称单数时,作谓语的行为动词要加词尾-s(-es),其他人称和数用动词原形。一般现在时中第三人称单数作主语时,谓语动词的变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接加s。如:get-gets2.以o、sh、ch结尾的动词,加es。如:do-does3.辅音字母加y结尾,改y为i,加es。如:study-studies4.元音字母加y结尾,直接加s。如:enjoy-enjoys否定句:I/you/we/they/he/she+do not+动词原形=I dont/you dont/we
19、dont/they dont+动词原形he/she/it+does not+动词原形=he doesnt/she doesnt/it doesnt+动词原形如:He doesnt practise English every morning.I dont enjoy playing badminton in winter.疑问句中:须将助动词Do/Does提前到句首,其余不变例:Do you work as accountant in LondonDoes she go to the cinema on weekends轻松练一下一写出下列动词在第三人称单数时的正确形式。do go wash
20、catch_ swim have make wish_ study play move write_ 二按要求转换句子,每空一词。 likes playing chess with his friends.(改为否定句)Tom playing chess with his friends.s parents often go for a walk in the evening.(改为一般疑问句并作出否定回答) Janets parents often a walk after supper-No, . usually watches TV.(改成一般疑问句) he usually has so
21、me red shirts and green scarves.(变成否定句)She any red shirts and green scarves. 现在进行时用法:(1)用来表示说话时正在进行或者发生的动作,例如:Mother is cooking in the kitchen.妈妈在厨房里煮饭。What are you looking at 你在看什么 (2)用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作(但说话时不一定在进行),例如: Is she writing a novel 她正在写一本小说吗(3)用来表示即将发生的动作,一般是指按计划或者安排好要发生的动作。适用于这种情况的动词主要有:go,
22、come, leave, start, arrive等。例如: Im going home in half an hour.我一个半小时内要回家。 The train is arriving soon.火车很快就要到达了。构成:由be(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式构成 动词现在分词的构成规则1 一般情况下直接加ing think-thinking sleep-sleeping study-studying speak-speaking say-saying carry-carrying wake-waking 2 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing come-comi
23、ng make-making leave-leaving have-having take-taking 3 以重读闭音节(重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节)结尾,呈现 “辅,元,辅”结构的动词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing stop-stopping sit-sitting run-running forget-forgetting begin-beginning这类词还有:begin,cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid,
24、等。4 以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing die-dying lie-lying 现在进行时的句型变化 肯定式结构:主语+be+动词-ing形式+其他.例如:We are running now. 否定式结构:主语+be+not+动词-ing形式+其他.例如:They arent doing their homework. 一般疑问句式结构:Be+主语+动词-ing形式+其他例如:Is she having English lesson回答:肯定Yes, she is. 否定:No, she isnt. 特殊疑问句式结构:疑问词+be+主语+其他例如:What is he doin
25、g now回答:He is swimming.轻松试一下一写出下列动词的现在分词形式。go enjoy teach eat_ draw walk take get_ dance write run swim_ 二按要求改写句子。 are having an English class.(改成一般疑问句) mother is cooking.(变成一般疑问句并且作肯定回答) is watching TV.(改成否定句) is reading a story book.(就划线部分提问) 一般将来时一般将来时构成助动词will(shall)+动词原形be(am/is/are)+going to+动
26、词原形表意:将来发生的动作; 将来存在的状态。用法:(1)一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。例如:I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。(主语是第一人称时最好用shall)Will you be free tonight 你今晚有空吗We wont (shant) be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。(2)在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如:Will she come 她(会)来吗(3)在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对
27、方的意见,或是询问一个情况(b):a. Where shall we meet 我们在哪儿碰头b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow明天我们有课吗在这类问句中,近几年来也有不少人用will,特别是在美国。例如:How will I get there 我怎么去(4)be going to+动词原形a.表示计划、打算、准备做的事。例如:We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。How are you going to spend your holidays假期你准备怎样过b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的
28、事。例如:I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。They will (are going to) meet outside the school gate tomorrow afternoon. If he comes back, Ill tell him about it.(主将从现:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时来代替将来时) I will be 16 years old next week.否定句:在will后加not(缩写为wont):She wont go to play basketball.一般疑问句:将will直接提到句首:Will she go to play basketball 回答:Yes, she will./No, she wont.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句:Who will go to play basketball常用时间状语: tomorrow, next,week, in 2012,in two hours,soon, this evening ,the day after
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