公式化语法第六章Itsthatwho强调句及it的其他用法.docx

1、公式化语法第六章Itsthatwho强调句及it的其他用法第六章： It s that/who 强调句及 it 的其他用法强调句的形式比较简单，无非就是将要强调的部分用 Its that/who夹起来， 但是如果和其他的句式想结合就不那么简单了。 这也是高考 青睐强调句的原因所在。第一节：基本结构It s that/who 是英语中用语法手段对句中除谓语以外的某一成分 进行强调的一种方法。 它的形式比较简单， 只要把要强调的部分夹在 Its that/who 中间，其他部分照抄跟在后面。1.强调主语。I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

2、It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.2.强调宾语。I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.3.强调地点状语。I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.4.强调时间状

3、语。I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5.强调各种从句。He went to the factory at once because he had a lot of work to do.It was because he had a lot of work to do that he went to the factory at one.(原因状语 ) 6强调不定式。I often keep the windows

4、wide open to let the fresh air in.It is to let the fresh air in that I often keep the windows wide open.第二节：应该注意的问题用 Its that/who 结构对句子进行强调时应该注意一下几个问题：1.这种结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。其他的时态很 少用这种句式进行强调。It has been four years I gave up smoking.A. that. B. since. 分析：遇到这种高考题，我们就毫不考虑的选 B. since.2.在强调主语时， that 后的

5、谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一 致。如：It is I who am a teacher.3.即使被强调的主语是复数， 主句中的谓语动词也用单数。 换句话说： 强调句中不可能出现 am, are, were。如：It is they who often help me with my lessons.4.强调句和 it 作形式主语的区别。强调句中的 Its, that/who 在句中只是一种语法手段，没有任何意义， 如果去掉不会对句子的意思产生影响， 或不会影响句子的完整性。 但 是，it 作形式主语的结构如果去掉句子就不完整。因为 that引导主语 从句时不能省略，而且 is/was

6、在句子中充当谓语（系动词） 。It is a good idea that we eat out.分析：如果去掉 it is 和 that, We eat out said. 很明显时个不完整的句 子。5.强调时间状语的强调句和时间状语从句的区别。 时间状语从句中主句和从句都是完整的句子， it 指代时间，如果把其 中的 it, is/was 和 when 去掉，句子将不完整；而强调句则完整。It was 12:00 we went home.A. that B. when.分析：如果去掉 it was 和横线， We went home 12:00 。很明显这是个 错误的句子，缺少介词 at

7、. 真确的句子因该是：We went home at 12： 00.6.强调句和 as 引导的定语从句的区别。 这两种句型的区别比较简单， 在定语从句一章有详细讲解，此处不 再赘述。总之，区别强调句和其他句式最有效的方法是： 去掉 it, is/was, that/who 或横线后看句子是否完整。 如果完整肯定是强调句， 不然为其他句式。7.强调句的反义问句。 强调句的反义问句比较简单，只要将它看成 it is/was 的句子就可以 了。It is that , isnt it?It is not that , is it?It was that , wasnt it?It was not t

8、hat , was it?第三节：高考常见题型1.强调句的一般形式。 虽然这是最简单的形式，但由于其在英语表达中占有很重要的位置， 因此在高考中常常出现。It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. （2008 全国 II 20）A. that B. how C. which D. when分析：去掉 it was 和横线：Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith in New Zealand. 句子完整。所以 A. that 。2.强调句的一般疑问句。 强调句虽然简单，但是换成一般疑问句后学生往往无从下手。Wa

9、s that I saw last night at the concert? （1997 上海卷 ）A. it you B. not youC. you D. that yourself分析：方法还是一样： 去掉句中的 it, was, that 再看句子是否完整。 如 果完整，就是强调句。 不完整在从其他的角度分析。 I saw you last night at the center. 非常完整。所以 A. it you 。3.强调句的特殊问句。可以说这是近年高考最受青睐的题型。 它的特点是使用广泛、 灵活多 变、但有一定的难度，对于高考这类选拔型考试特别适合。它可以以 单独的形式出现，

10、 也可以与其他的从句形式相配合。 下面我们就来看 看这种结构。（2）单独的特殊疑问句。 格式：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词） + is/ was + it + that/who + 其它部分？如： When was it that you were born?Why! I have nothing to confess. you want me to say? （2004上海卷 ）A. What is it that B. What it is thatC. How is it that D. How it is that分析：这是典型的强调句特殊疑问句。根据句意 A. What is

11、 it that 。 （2）充当名词性从句的强调句特殊问句。由于这种句型在句子中做了名词性从句， 那么话句话说就是陈述语序 的特殊问句。格式：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词） + it is/ was + + that/ who + 其它部分。When asked to explain made his lessons so exciting, the teacherkept silent.A. what it is that B. that what it isC. what is it that D. that what is it分析：这道题是强调句用作宾语从句。根据题意 A. w

12、hat it is that 。4.It is/was not A but B that 这是带有选择性的强调句。当然也可以出现其他的连词，如 rather than.有时也可以出现几种变形形式：a.Its A that not B.b.Its not A but B that c.It s A rather than B that d.Its A that rather than B.It is not who is right but what is right is of importance.2007 重庆卷 A. which B. it C. that D. this分析：典型的选择

13、式强调句。所以 C. that。5.not until 的强调。 可以说这是高考中出现频率最高的强调句类型。这种强调句比较特 殊，在强调 not until 结构中由 until 短语 (或从句) 表示的时间状 语时， 要用固定的强调句型： It is(was) not until .that. 注意此时原句 的 not until 要变成 not until ， that 从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。 如：a.My father didnt come home until 12 oclock last night.b.It was not until 12 oclock last night

14、 that my father came home.c.I didn t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.d.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.It we had stayed together for a couple of weeks I found wehad a lot in common. 2007 浙江卷 A. was until

15、; when B. was until; thatC. wasn t until; when D. wasn t until; that分析：标准句型，所以 D. wasn t until; tha。t第四节： it 的其他用法1.it 可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。( 1)人称代词 it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件 事物。如：a.That vase is valuable. It sm ore than 200 years old.b.I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用 it 来

16、表示。c.It s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?it 可用来指代团体。如：d.The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal.it 用以代替指示代词 this, that. 如：e.- What s this? - It s a pen.(2) 指示代词 it ，常用以指人。如：a.Go and see who it is.b.- Who is making such a noise?- It must be the children.(3)虚义 it 无指代性， 常用作没有具体意义的主

17、语， 出现于表示天气、 气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如：a.It is half past three now.b.It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.c.It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark.(4)it 也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如：a.It s awful I ve got so much work I don t knrot.w wh糟er透e to sta了我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。b.How is it going with you? 你近况如何？

18、c.Take it easy. 不要紧张。d.I like it here. 我喜欢这个地方。e.It looks as if the college is very small.f.It seems as though our plan will be perfect.g.It s my turn. 该轮到我了。(5)it 也常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但 it 并无具体意义。如：cab it 乘车catch it 受责，受罚come it 尽自己分内come it strong 做得过分walk it 步行make it 办成take it out of someb

19、ody 拿某人出气have it in sb. 某人有能力。2.it 用作形式主语。it 充当形式主语，只起一种先行引导的作用，为了让句子平衡，真正 主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、 V-ing 分词结构或名词性从句。a.It is difficult to translate this article.b.It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living.c.What time would it be most convenient for me to call again? 什么时候 我再给你打电话最合适？d.It

20、is no use going there so early.e.It has been a great honor your coming to visit me.f.It is strange that he did not come at all.g.It doesn t matter what you do.h.It seems that John is not coming after all.i.It happened that John was the only witness.3.it 用作形式宾语 .It 作形式宾语时， 通常和下列动词连用： consider, think,

21、 make, find, believe, count, declare, deem, fancy, feel, guess, imagine, judge, pr ove, see, show, suppose, understand, take 等。它的一般结构为： V+it+adj/n+ 不定式 /V-ing/ 名词从句。当然有时可以 插入其他的成分，如逻辑主语、间接宾语等等。a.I found it difficult to explain to him what happened. 我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。b.He thought it no use going over

22、 the subject again. 他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。c.They kept it quiet that he was dead. 他们对他的死保密。d.We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution. 我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。4.一种特殊的 it 用法 , (would)appreciate/hate/like/prefer/help + it +when/if 从句。我们先看看下面的句子：a.I would appreciate it if

23、 you paid in cash.b.I hate it when people cry.c.I like it when you do that.d.I would prefer it if you didn t tell anyone.e.I couldn t help it if the bus was late.说它特殊， 也不是很特殊。 对于上面句子中的 it 有人认为是一种特殊 的形式宾语， 既然是形式宾语那么真正的宾语在哪里？本人觉得有点 欠妥。笔者认为 it 指代句中提到的一种情况。分析：a. 如果付现金我非常感激。 it 在这里指代付现金后出现的情况。b. 我讨厌人哭。 i

24、t 在这里指代人哭泣是的情形。c.我就喜欢你那样做。 it 指代干那件事时的情形。d.我希望你不要告诉任何人。 it 指代不告诉别人后的情形。e.公共汽车晚点了，我也没办法。 it 指代汽车晚点。 注意：这种结构中有时会出现虚拟，至于何时虚拟，要看说话人要表 达的意思。 说具体一点，如果出现 would 就要用虚拟。第五节：实战演练1. It wasnt until nearly a month later I received the managers reply.（2005/ 全国 I/30）A.since B. when C. as D. that2.The chairman thoug

25、ht necessary to invite Professor Smith tospeak at the meeting. （2005/全国 I/35）A.that B. it C. this D. him3.The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didnt help. （2005/ 全国 III/13）A. it B. she C. which D. he4.It is what you do rather than what you say matters.（2005/ 天津 /9）A.

26、that B. what C. which D. this5. in the regulations that you should not tell other people thepassword of your e-mail account. （2005/ 上海 /38）A. What is required B. What requiresC. It is required D. It requires6. that he managed to get the information? Oh, a friend of his helped him. （2005/ 山东 /31）A. W

27、here was it B. What was itC. How was it D. Why was it7.I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（2004/ 全国 /I/27）A. this B. that C. it D. one8. Do you like here? Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. （2004/ 全国 /II/32）A. this B. these C. that D. itwork

28、 towards peace. ” 北(20京04/2/ 4)A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is10.Why! I have nothing to confess. you want me to say? (2004/上海 /43)A. What is it that B. What it is thatC. How is it that D. How it is that11.It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughterhad been found. (20

29、04/ 福建 /35)A. because B. which C. since D. that12.It was back home after the experiment. (2004/ 湖北 /24)A. not until midnight did he goB.until midnight that he didnt goC.not until midnight that he wentD.until midnight when he didnt go13.The Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of workbefore

30、 they can move in. (NMET/2001/25)A. they B. it C. one D. which14.In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in animportant football match. (NMET/Shanghai/2001/33)A. this B. that C. there D. it15.It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York andsettled down in a small village. (NMET/

31、Shanghai/2001/spr/32)A. which B. why C. that D. how16. He was nearly drowned once. When was ? was in 1998 when he was in middle school.(NMET/Beijing-Neimeng-Anhui/2002/spr/30)A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This17.It was because of bad weather the football match had to be putoff. (NMET/Shanghai/2003/spr./30)A. so B. so that C. why D. that18.It is these poisonous products can cause the symptoms of theflu, such as