英语科学论文写作分类句式用语.docx

1、英语科学论文写作分类句式用语英语科学论文写作：分类句式用语标 签 论文写作2009/12/5 ReadWiki 发布 文档 分类 评论 0 浏览 23 作者：胡庚申 申云桢（清华大学外语系，北京 100084）一、引 言科学论文的写作在常用句型、用语方面有一定的规律可循。掌握这些基本规律，写作论文时可收到事半功倍的效果。那么，常用的句型、句式怎样分类比较科学?通常用到的句式为哪些类型?各种类型又有哪些基本表达方法? 所有这些问题，都拟在本文内例述和研讨。为什么要掌握分类句式用语呢？1.有利于避免不必要的重复。许多有用的句型，通常出现在科学论文的不同部分，如表示研究目的用语，不仅在论文摘要中用到

2、，而且在引言、讨论、甚至结论等部分都会用到。如果我们在讲述怎样写作各部分时都列举类似的用语，势必造成重复、赘述。现在把它们集中起来分类例述，就能避免不必要的重复。 2.掌握分类句式用语有利于比较地道、规范的英语表达。把英美人写作论文时的句式用语集中地进行分类选择，有利于广大专业技术人员和研究生们学习、模仿比较地道、规范的英语表达，有利于节约时间，避免费力耗时地造出“蹩脚的”、甚至“中国式”的英语表达。 3.掌握分类句式用语有利于写作中的多样化表达。把表达相同或相似概念的不同表达方式集中分类，便于写作中选择、比较，有利于交替使用不同的句型，避免句式单调、用词单一，实现表达多样。 4.掌握分类句式

3、用语也符合科学论文的写作规律。因为常用的句型是写作中客观存在的，它们的使用已基本上格式化，而且使用的频率又很高，所以对常用的句式用语进行科学的分类，是一件有实用意义的工作。 至于怎样分类，这主要是从两个方面考虑。1.从逻辑思维角度考虑。人们总是首先提出问题，然后分析和解决问题，最后得出结果或结论。这可以看作是解决问题的一种“模式”。这种“模式”，也可作为我们分类选择句式用语时的指导思想。 2.从写作程式角度考虑。任何一篇科学论文的写作，大都要：指出其研究的目的，限定其讨论的范围，说明其理论的依据，描述其实验的步骤，介绍其工作的方法，展示其研究的结果，作出科学的评价等。这种基本“程式”，正是我们

4、分类选择句式用语的实践依据。 鉴于上述，我们在本文内对科学论文写作中常用的句式用语进行了分类，并选择了240余条例句供参考。 俗语说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”。我们深信，掌握英语科学论文写作中常用的句式用语，无疑会有助于科学论文的写作。二、“指出目的”的句式用语主要用场指出研究目的句型在英语科学论文中反复出现，这类句型用语比较集中地使用在论文的摘要、引言、讨论、结论等部分。指出研究目的的常用表达有：“本文的主要目的”，“该项工作主要是关于”，“该项工作的主要目的是”，“该项研究的主要目的是”，“该项实验主要是为了”等等。常用句式（1）本文的主要目的是 1.The purpose of

5、 this paper is 2.The primary goal of this research is 3.The intention of this paper is to survey 4.The overa11 objective of this study is 5.In this paper, was provided (given，i11ustrated) 6.Our goal has been to provide 7.In this paper，we aim at 8.The emphasis of this study lies in （2）该项工作是关于 1.The p

6、resent work is concerned with the processes underlying 2.The above work deals with the mechanism involved in 3.Our work at present is devoted to the changes occurring in 4.The work we have done bears on the effects produced by 5.The work we are doing is closely related to the deliberations described

7、 in 6.Compared with the current research, the previous work was in connection with the investigation made by 7.The work presented in this paper focuses on several aspects of the following 8.The authors are now initiating some experimental investigation to establish 9.Our studies were performed to de

8、termine the amount of 10.The problem we have outlined deals largely with the study of （3）该项工作的主要目的是 1.The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the features of 2.The main purpose of our recent work was to examine the properties of 3.The major object of their further work will be research i

9、nto the nature of 4.Our work in this direction has been intended to provide some information about 5.The work which is being done now is designed to find some solution to the problem of 6.Work of this kind has been started in order to assess the role of 7.Previous work in this area was initiated in

10、the hope of obtaining data in 8.We did this work hoping to establish 9.The authors undertook the work with a view to show 10.By doing this work we expect(ed) to demonstrate 11.Doing this joint work, we intend(ed) to show 12.The primary objective of our work was to define the reasons for redundant pr

11、otection systems and give examples of systems used in 13.With research of many years, the authors endeavour is to explain why in 14.The above-mentioned work has been performed with a view of （4）该项研究的主要目的是 1.The chief aim of the present study is to find out 2.The primary object of this fundamental re

12、search will be to reveal the cause of 3.The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of 4.The study of was made in order to clarify 5.The above study has been carried out to determine 6.Their(pioneer)studies were intended to elucidate 7.Those earlier investigations are i

13、n hopes of providing evidence for 8.We performed this present study in the hope that we might bring to light some facts about 9.The authors attempted their studies in order that they might 10.We undertook the above study to the end that we might 11.They initiated the present study so that they might

14、 12.Carrying out this study we hope to find out 13.Performing these studies the author intended to reveal 14.With recent research, the author intends to outline the framework of （5）该项实验主要是为了 1.We made these experiments in order to show a correlation between 2.The author attempted the set of experime

15、nt with a view to demonstrate certain phenomena 3.Experiments onwere made in order to measure the amount of 4.Experiments involvinghave been carried out to determine 5.Experiments using this technique are (not )under way test(check) 6.Experiments onare made to answer the question whether 7.The exper

16、iment being made by our research group is aimed at obtaining the result of 8.We have designed such an experiment for the purpose of 三、“限定范围”的句式用语 主要用场限定主题范围的句式用语，在英文科学论文中常出现在“引言”和“讨论”中。限定主题范围时的常用表达有：“该问题是关于的研究”，“该问题在范围之内（外）”，“该问题涉及到范围”，“该问题可进一步推广到范围”等等。 常用句式 （1）该问题是关于的研究 1.This problem is concerned

17、(chiefly)with the study of 2.The problem of deals (largely)with the determination of 3.The problem they have advanced bears on the elucidation of 4.The problem to be discussed in this paper is related closely with 5.The problem described previously was directed to the example of, which differs from

18、6.The problem under investigation involves some significant agreements and disagreements in （2）这是研究的问题 1.The problem concerned with the nature of 2.The problem relating to the influence of 3.The problem which deals with the role of 4.The problem which bears on the effect of 5.The problem in connecti

19、on with 6.The problem as mentioned previously in （3）该问题在范围之内（外） 1.The problem is within the scope of 2.Our problem lies beyond the range of 3.The problem you have just outlined seems to be outside of the province of 4.The problem the authors have raised goes off the limits of 5.The problem I have re

20、ferred to falls within the field of 6.The problem under discussion is not within the scope of （4）该项研究涉及到范围 1.Studies of these effects cover(ed)various aspects of 2.Investigations oninvolve(d) also specific situations. 3.Our studies with this technique are confined to one particular aspect. 4.More re

21、cent studies by this worker were chiefly concerned with the influence of 5.The research on the conventional techniques explains well the phenomenon of 6.The new findings from the experiment agree to the result obtained in （5）该研究进一步推广到范围 1.The authors have extended their studies to some other related

22、 species. 2.We hope to expand our investigations to include other materials. 3.The research we have done deserves further studies. 4.The investigation carried out by the experts suggests an increase of the application in 5.The approach under study predicates a wider range of application. 四、“说明理论”的句式

23、用语 1. 主要用场说明有理论根据的句式用语，在英语科学论文中常出现在引言、实验描述及讨论等部分。说明理论根据时常用表达如下：“该理论是提出来的”，“该理论的内容（特点）是”；“根据该理论，可以得出”，“该理论认为 ”，“应用该理论能（或不能）说明”等等。 2. 常用句式 （1）该理论是提出来的 1.The theory ofwas created 50 years ago 2.The alternative theory was constructed in 50s. 3.The theory ofwas developed in the 1930s 4.The theory ofwas e

24、laborated in the early 70s. 5.The theory ofwas formulated as early as 1900. 6.The theory ofwas advanced as long ago as the 1860s. 7.The theory ofwas put forward as far back as 1897. 8.The theory ofwas proposed last year. 9.The theory ofwas suggested the year before last year. （2）该理论的内容（特点）是 1.Underl

25、ying this theory is the idea that 2.The underlying concept of this theory is 3.The underlying principle of the theory is as follows 4.This is an alternative theory that 5.This is a similar theory to the effect that 6.This is a working theory which is based on the idea that 7.A basic feature of this

26、theory is 8.The fundamental feature of this theory is as follows. 9.The theory is characterized by 10.prove to be the outstanding features of the theory. （3）根据该理论，可得出 1.According to Bs theory both processes occur simultaneously. 2.As follows from the theory by N, such situations lead to 3.As can be

27、seen from the theory and theory advanced bysuch interactions are the basis of 4.In the light of the theory ,we have developed a variation method to handle such problems. 5.Based on the theory, the author has obtained sufficient information from recent experiments with （4）该理论认为 1.The kinetic theory h

28、olds that 2.This newly-developed theory maintains that 3.The theory advanced byclaims that 4.The theory of predicts that 5.The principal concept of the theory lies in 6.The investigating theory （5）应用该理论（不）能说明 1.We can interpret these findings in terms of the above theory. 2.We cannot explain these p

29、henomena using the above theory. 3.We can hardly explain these findings applying this theory. 4.These findings can be interpreted in terms of the above theory. 5.Such phenomena cannot be explained on the basis of this theory. 6.The theory can (not) apply to other cases of 7.The theory developed byis

30、 valid (invalid)for other species. 8.Xs theory proved to be true for all steps of 9.The above theory has been verified by many other authors. 10.This very peculiar theory can be applied to a wider range of experiments in 五、“描述实验”的句式用语 1. 主要用场 描述实验过程的句式用语，顾名思义常用在与实验有关的段落之中。描述实验情况时的常用表达为“该项实验具体包括”，“到，

31、从未有过该项实验研究”，“进行该项实验，以便检验”，“该项实验证实（未能证实），”等等。 2. 常用句式 （1）某项实验（所用设备）包括1.The experiment consisted of three steps, which are described in Table 3. 2.The test equipment which was used consisted of five force-measuring transducers and two recording instruments furnished by 3.Included in the experiment were a high- pressure vessel assembly, 2 UA 3 uranium 5 4.analyzers, and a complete 100*50*50 cm soil bin. 5.All high-pressure hydrogen