电子信息技术英语部分重点翻译.docx

1、电子信息技术英语部分重点翻译P192.6 MobilityGSM is a cellular telephone system that supports mobility over a large area. Unlike cordless telephone systems, it provides location,roaming, and hand-over. GSM是移动电话系统,在一个大面积内支持流动性。与无线电话系统相比,它还能提供定,漫游和区域切换等。2.6.1 Location AreaThe ability to locate a user is not supported

2、 in first-generation cellular systems. This means that when a mobile is called, the network has to broadcast the notification of this call in all the radio coverage. In GSM, however, location areas (LAs, which are groups of cells, are defined by the operator. The system is able to identify the LA in

3、 which the subscriber is located. This way, when a user receives a call, the notification (or paging is only transmitted in this area. This is far more efficient, since the physical resource use is limited.第一代蜂窝系统不能够准确找到用户所在位臵。这意味着,当有一个电话被叫时,网络得在无线信号覆盖的整个区域内发出该电话的通知。然而在GSM网络中,位置区域(LAs即若干个小区组成的区群,由经营

4、者指定。该系统能够确定用户所在的位置区域。这样,当用户收到一个电话,通知(或传呼只在这个区域内转交。这是更为有效,尽管物理资源的使用是有限的。Roaming In particular, the GSM system has the capability of international roaming, or the ability to make and receive phone calls to and from other nations as if one has never left home. This is possible because bilateral agreeme

5、nts have been signed between the different operators, to allow GSM mobile clients to take advantage of GSM services with the same subscription when traveling to different countries, as if they has a subscription to the local network. To allow this, the SIM cark contains a list of the networks with w

6、hich a roaming agreement exists. When a user is roaming to a foreign country, the mobile phone automatically starts a search for a network stipulated on the SIM card list. The choice of a network is performed automatically, and if more than one network is given in the list, the choice is based on th

7、e order in which the operators appear. This order can be changed by the user. The home PLMN is the network in which the user has subscribed, while the visited PLMN often refers to the PLMN in which the user is roaming. When a user receives a call on a visited PLMN, the transfer of the call from the

8、home PLMN to the visited PLAN is charged to the called user by his operator.特别是, GSM系统支持国际漫游,能够在其它国家发起或接收呼叫,就像在自己家里一样。这是可能的,因为不同运营商之间的双边协定已经签署了,允许GSM移动的客户在不同的国家旅行时能够利用GSM服务,就像它们已经订购了本地网络一样。为了实现这一点, SIM卡中包含了一个网络清单,其中包含有漫游协议。当用户漫游到国外,手机自动开始搜索SIM卡清单上规定的网络。选择网络是自动执行的,如果列表中的网络有多个,则根据运营商规定的顺序进行选择。选择顺序可以被用

9、户修改。主PLMN是指用户已在此认购的网络,而通常指的是用户漫游到的网络。当用户在访问PLMN收到一个电话,从主PLMN 到访问PLMN的转移呼叫由他的运营商记入被叫用户。2.6.3 HandoverWhen the user is moving from one cell to the other during a cell, the radio link between BTS 1 and the MS can be replaced by another link, between BTS 2 and the MS. The continuity of the call can be p

10、erformed in a seamless way for the user. This is called handover. Which respect to dual-band telephones, one interesting feature is called the dual-band handover. It allows the user in an area covered both by the GSM-900 and by the DCS-1800 frequency bands, for instance,to be able to transfer automa

11、tically from one system to the other in the middle of a call. 2.6.3 当用户正在从一个小区转入另一个小区,BTS 1和用户之间的无线信号链接可转至。BTS 2和用户之间的无线信号链接。通话的连续性可为用户提供一个无缝的连接。这就是所谓的移交。这方面的双频电话,一个有趣的特点是所谓的双频段切换。它允许用户在一个覆盖了GSM-900和DCS-1800频带的区域内能够在一次通话中自动地从一个系统转移到另一个系统中。2.7 Beacon ChannelFor each BTS of a GSM network, one frequenc

12、y channel is used to broadcast general signaling information about this cell. This particular carrier frequency is called a beacon channel, and it is transmitted by the BTS with the maximum power used in the cell, so that every MS in the cell is able to receive it. 对于GSM网络中的每个基站,使用其中一个信道来承载该小区的主要信号。

13、这种特殊的载波频率被称为信标信道,它在整个小区中的功率最大,使小区中的每个用户能够收到它。2.8 MS Idle ModeWhen it is not in communication, but still powered on, the MS is said to be in idle mode. This means that it is in a low consumption mode, but synchronized to the network and able to receive or initiate calls.2.8 当用户处于开机状态但不在进行通信时,可视为待机模式。

14、这就是说,此时它处于低耗状态,但和网络同步,并能够接收或发起呼叫。UNIT 14Immersive interactive technology is one of the modern DSP topics its at the intersection of the traditionally separate areas of computer animation , computer vision , graphics ,speech and audio processing ,image and video processing , and communications.沉浸式的交互

15、技术是现代的 DSP 课题之一 -它的计算机动画、计算机视觉、图形、语音和音频处理、图像和视频处理和通讯的传统上不同区域的交叉点。The topic of this special issue is immersive interactive technologies .It represents one of the “modern”topic in DSP and is at the intersection of the traditionally separate areas of computer animation,computer vision,graphics,speech a

16、nd audio processing,image and video processing, and communications(not to mention psychology,physiology,kinesiology,and control.Such R&D topics act as a catalyst in bringing together researchers from outside the digital signal processing area,and this is clear by looking at the authors in this issue

17、. Each article brings a different perspective to the discussion.这个特殊问题的主题是沉浸式交互技术.它代表了DSP的“现代”的主题之一,是在计算机动画,计算机视觉,图像,语音和音频处理,图像和视频处理的传统独立区域的交叉身临其境的互动技术和通信(更不用说心理学,生理学,运动学和控制。这类研发课题作为从数字信号处理领域外汇集研究的催化剂,这是看在这个问题上的明确的作者。每篇文章带来不同的角度来讨论。The objective of immersive interactive technologies is to build a vi

18、rtual environment that provides users with the sense of immersion. In virtual conferencing and collaboration applications,for example,the objective is to give participants the feeling that they share the same three-dimensional (3-D space. Even when thousands of miles away,thesystem allows participan

19、ts to have the same possibilities in interacting as if they were physically in a single office,lab,or conference room. They can look at the same blueprint or blackboard (or whiteboard,and they can all touch and interact with the same 3-D object. There are numerous efforts and products directed towar

20、ds this objective,but there is much progress to be made before we achieve a truly immersive environment. A colleague was telling me that he has tried all means available to him to keep remotely advising his students.Still nothing he finds can replace the experience of flying back and sitting at the

21、same table with his students and colleagues.沉浸式互动技术的目标是建立一个虚拟的环境,为用户提供沉浸感。在虚拟会议和协作应用程序,例如,目的是让参与者感觉一下他们共享同一个三维 (3-D 空间。甚至当数千英里远,该系统允许参与者有相同的可能性在相互作用好像他们身体在单一的办公室、实验室或会议里可以看看相同的蓝图或黑板(或白板,和他们可以接触并与相同的三维对象进行交互。有很多的努力和产品针对这一目标,但有很大的进步,直到我们实现真正实现一个身临其境的环境。一位同事告诉我他曾向他提供的一切手段继续远程指导他的学生。他仍然没有发现可以替代飞回来,与他的学生

22、和同事坐在同一张桌子的感觉。Another objective of immersive interactive technologies is to augment the physical worId experience of an individual.These systems are typically the subject of science fiction literature and movies.For example, a user is tracked by a “Machine”and his or intentions and thoughts and mood

23、s are understood by the machine automatically at all times.The person is not constrained to sit at the desk in front of the monitor(getting computer “off the desktop”,“pervading”the physical word,and connecting with what other users are doing are different definitions of ubiquitous computingor hold

24、or wear(wearable computinga portable device that is wirelessly connected to the rest of the world( ubiquitous communications Instead,every motion,facial actions expression,or even secret thought(as described by his/her EKGis interpreted(multimodal interaction.沉浸式互动技术的另一个目的是增加个人的物理世界经验。这些系统通常是科幻文学和电影

25、的主题,例如,用户被“机器”跟踪及自动的理解他或意图,思想和情绪。人不在受限坐在办公桌在显示器前(让电脑从桌面遍及物理字,并连接其他正在做有不同的定义无处不在的计算的用户,持有或穿(可穿戴计算无线连接到世界其他地区的便携式设备(无处不在的通信。相反,每一个动作,面部表情动作,甚至秘密思想(如由他/她的心电图被解释(多模式交互。Unit 15 Computer System Overview (计算机系统概述A computer is tool for mainpulating and storing information. Generally speaking, A compute r is

26、 an electronic device that can accept input, process it according to a set of instructions, store the instructions and the results of processing, and produce results as its output.计算机是为控制和存储信息的工具。一般来说,一台计算机是一种电子装置,可以接受输入,处理它根据一系列指令集,存储的指示和处理结果,并产生作为其输出结果。15.1 Digital Computer (数字计算机The digital compu

27、ter is a digital system that performs various computation tasks. The word “digital” implies that the information in the computer is represented by variables that take a limite d number of discrete values. The decimal digits 0, 1, 2, , 9, for example, provide 10 discrete values. The first electronic

28、digital computers, developed in the late 1940s, were used primarily for nu merical computations. In this case the discrete elements are the digits. From this application the t erm digital computer has emerged. In practice, digital computers function is more reliable if only two states are used. Beca

29、use of the physical restriction of components, and because human logic tends to be binary, digital components that are constrained to take discrete values are further co nstrained to take only two values and are said to be binary.数字式计算机是数字系统,执行各种计算任务。单词“数字化”意味着在计算机信息由变量采取了数量有限的离散值的代表。十进制数字0,1,2,.,9,

30、例如: 提供10个离散值。第一台电子数字计算机的,在20世纪40年代末开发的,他们主要用于数值计算。在这种情况下,离散元素的数字。从这个数字电脑一词出现了应用。在实践中,数位电脑的功能是更可靠,如果只有两个国家的使用。由于组件的物理限制,因为人的逻辑往往是二进制,是采取限制离散值的数字组成部分进一步限制到只需要两个值,并说是二进制。Digital computer use the binary number system, which has two digits: 0 and 1. A binary digit is called one bit.Information is represe

31、nted in digital computer in groups of bits. By using various coding techniques , groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers but also oth er discrete symbols, such as decimal digits or letters of the alphabet For example, American Stan dard Code for Information Interchange origin

32、ally used 7 bits to form a character .By judicious use of binary arrangements and by using various coding techniques , the groups of bits are used to d evelop complete sets of instructions for performing various types of computations. In contrast to the common decimal numbers that employ the base 10

33、 system . binary number use a base 2 syst em with two digits : 0 and 1 . The decimal equivalent of a binary number can be found by expandi ng it into a power series with a base of 2.数字计算机使用二进制数字系统,它有两个数字:0和1的二进制数称为一个位。信息被表示在数字计算机中比特组。通过使用各种编码技术,比特组可以由表示不仅二进制数,还包括其他的离散符号,如十进制数或字母。例如字母,美国标准信息交换码最初用于7位组合形成一个字符。通过明智地使用二进