介词专练.docx

1、介词专练中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿第六章 介词介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）.介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。一、表示时间的介词（一）表示时间段的介词 （1）in , after in +时间段，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间 after +时间段，表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间，如：Hell come back in two days. 但点钟用after( after

2、three oclock)He left on July 2 and returned after three days.（2）in , during 表示在一段特指的时间内，可用in 或during The work was done in / during the holidays. 表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如:in 1999 ,in June , in winter（3）in last, for the past + 时间段, during表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词常用现在完成时I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.（

3、4）for 表示延续一段时间。Ill study in the U.S for two yearsIve waited for Bingo for half an hour.（二）表示某一时间的介词 （1）at, onat 表示某一时刻，on 表示某一天或日期, 如:at 7:14, on Saturday morning on the night of May2一天内各段时间表达, 选用正确的介词，请比较：in the morningon a winter / snow / cold / morningat nighton the night of March 7th in the even

4、ingon Friday evening（2）before, bybefore 表示某一时间之前，而by 表示到某一时间止，句中谓语动词多用完成时态。如:：You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前起床。By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”. 到上月底这个男孩已得了4个A.（3）after , since after 可以表示过去某一点时间之后，并不延续说话时间,和一般过去连用，而since表示从过去某时间开始的一段时间延续到说话时间, 与现在完时连用 如；My father lived in Shangha

5、i after liberation .解放后我父亲住在上海.Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts.自去年年底以来，这位女士开了五十场音乐会（4）fromto, until / till from-to表示从某一点时间到另一点时间的一段时间，而until till 表示某动作或状态延续到某点时间如： My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964.从1960年到1964年我妈妈在北京大学学习。 My mother entered Beijing

6、University in 1960, and studied there until 1964. 我妈妈1960年进入北京大学，一直学习到1964年。（但“从早到晚”常表达为from morning till night）（三）不用介词表示时间的词或词组含this, that, last, next 的表示时间的名词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介词,如：this year last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。二、表示事物之间位置的介词 （1）at, in当事物被视作一点，不强调其空间常用介词at, 而表示空间内部用介

7、词in, 如：Well meet at the supermarket 我们在超市见面I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard因为下大雨，我只好呆在超市里*动词arrive 后接at ,表示较小的地方, 如: 车站、村庄等.后接in 表示较大地方，如: 城市,地区等（2）in, to in 表示事物在区域范围内的位置，to 表示事物对区域范围之外另一事物的位置，如： Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国东部Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国

8、东面。in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范围内，in the front of 表示在前面.在同一范围内。（3）after, behind after 指顺序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后，相对于in front of 而言, 如： He entered the classroom after the teacherHe hid himself behind the door 他在门后。（4）on , in on 表示“在某事物表面上”。如将事物看作空间，表示在其内部，用介词in。 There is a modern painting on the wall . There

9、 is a modern painting on the wall .（5）from , off 都表示“离开”（6）above , over, below , under over , under 表示垂直的上下关系，而above, below 仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直关系。（7）between, amongbetween 表示“两个事物之间”, among 表示“三者以上的事物之间”。三、表示运动方向的介词（1）into, inside , in 从外到内 如： He went quickly into / inside the room. He went quickl

10、y into / inside the room.（2）out of 从里到外，相当于outside, 或从里向外,相当于from She went out of from the office in a hurry 她匆匆走出办公室. The boy watched the buses, cars and bikes out from the window .这男孩透过窗观看外面的公交车、小汽车和自行车。（3）on 在表面，onto 到上A boat is on the river. 一条小船在河上。He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵树（4）across 穿过一平面、t

11、hrough 穿过一空间 The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass. 这男孩用力踢球，球飞过草地。 The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。（5）The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。She walked to the bank 她步行到银行去She swam towards the shore 她朝岸边游去。四、常用介词用法比较 （1）as , likeas 表示“作为”强调身份，like (介词)表示“

12、像”As a teacher, he cares for these children.Like a teacher, he cares for these children.（2）with , in with 表示“外貌特征或附带的东西” ,“ 用作工具”in 表示”衣着” ”用某语言”, 在固定搭配中也可用inA man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks. A man in black wanted to buy drinks. The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil. He

13、retold the text in English.（3）for , to for表示“为了.” To 表示动作对象, “对, 向.” 如: He would do anything for his motherland. Did you mention this to my father? 你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示一“对某对象而言”如：Its quite warm today for February.就二月的天气，今天够暖和的。What he told you just now was not new to me他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜

14、for 表示“目的,用途”。与go, come 动词连用，（4）except , besides except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与bat 同义， besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分” We all failed except him. 我们都失败了，但他没有。He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。（5）注意成对介词的用法： get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of （6）介词和名词动词等有不少固

15、定搭配和习惯用法： to ones surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at th

16、e same speed, on ones way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, showaround, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,. （7）表示加减乘除，分别用介词plus,

17、minus, times 和动词过去分词divided + by第二节 实战演练一、例题选讲例1We will play football three oclockAInBAfterCToDsince答案：B提示：这四个选项的介词都可以表示时间，但含义和用法不同。in常用来表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，after可表示从过去为起点的一段时间之后，通常与过去时连用。但要注意after也可以表示将来某一特定时刻之后。本题里after表示将来某一特定时刻。例2The story took place a cold night.AinBafterCtoDsince答案：B提示：on通常指特定时期

18、：或表示某一天的上午，下午，晚上等。句中的时间状语a cold night已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚，其前面应使用介词on。例3We will play football three oclockAInBAfterCToDsince答案：B提示：这四个选项的介词都可以表示时间，但含义和用法不同。in常用来表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，after可表示从过去为起点的一段时间之后，通常与过去时连用。但要注意after也可以表示将来某一特定时刻之后。本题里after表示将来某一特定时刻。例4The story took place a cold night.AinBafterCtoDsince答案

19、：B提示：on通常指特定时期：或表示某一天的上午，下午，晚上等。句中的时间状语a cold night已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚，其前面应使用介词on。例5This is the bus the Peoples ParkAatBforCtoDtowards答案：B提示：四个选项的介词表达的意义不同。at表示“在某处，在旁边”，for表示“（动身）去处”，to表示“到某处”，towards表示“向某处”。例6Are your parents workers?No， is a workerAneitherBnoneCeitherDboth答案：A提示：neither是对两个人或事物的否定，谓语用单数形

20、式；而both则是对两个人或事物的肯定，谓语用复数形式。 例7The work cost us more than five weeks.（保持原意） more than five weeks the work.答案：We spent, on提示：cost表示花费时间，只能用表示事物的词作主语，而spend也表示花费时句子主语必须是人。注意spendon，表示在某事上花费。例8Beijing has a lot of old buildings. It also has a lot of new ones.（合并一句）答案：Beijing has not only a lot of old b

21、uildings but also a lot of new ones提示：这道题主要掌握表示递进关系的连词词组。例9My brother likes skatingI like swimming（合并一句）答案：My brother likes skating but I like swimming提示：这道题的两个句子主语不是同一个人，谓语动词之后的部分也不同，实际上是把喜欢的内容由一个方面转到另一个方面，所以用but把两个句子连接起来。例10He is too young to join the army（改复合句）答案：He is so young that he cant join

22、the army提示：sothat表示否定时可与tooto转换。例11There is a hole the wallAinBonCofDwith答案：A提示：在墙的里面，用in the wall，而on the wall指在墙的表面上。例12English names are different Chinese namesAbetweenBofCfrom Dabout 答案：C提示：be different from表示“与不同”，是一个固定词组。例13We always have a class meeting Monday afternoonAatBonCinDof答案：B提示：在某天的

23、上午下午或晚上，介词应使用0n。例14Please write it inkAwithBinCbyDof答案：B提示：如果表示用墨水写该用in，不能用with。例15Ill return the book to the library I finish reading itAwhenBifCas soon asDas答案：C提示：此句意思为我一看完这本书就还给图书馆，as soon as是“一就”的意思。二、复习时需要注意的要点（1） 介词一般放在名词之前，但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。（2） 介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭

24、配，也就是说，在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如：a.动词+介词：laugh at, wait forb.形容词、过去分词+介词：be good at, be prond ofc. 名词+介词：pay a visit to , the key to第三节 巩固练习I 选择填空 1. Ill get off _ Nanjing Road. I live _ 200 Nanjing Road. A at, at B on, on C at, in D on, at 2. He is good _ volleyball,.He was _ the school voll

25、eyball team. A in, in B at, at C on, on D at, on 3 Children always get presents _ Christmas Day in the west. A on B at C on D in 4. _ the help of the teachers, he has made great progress _three months ago. A Infor B Insince C Withsine D Withfor5 When class is over, the students go _ the classroom. A

26、 into B in C on D out of 6. Theres no smoke _ fire. A. with B without C if D in 7. What does your father look _?- Tall and thin. A like B as C for D in8. The teachers are often given _ some flowers _ the students _ Teachers Day. A X, by, in B to, by, on C X, by, on D to, by, in 9. He is reading maga

27、zines _ the reading-room _. He will come back _ half an hour. A in, at that time, in B on, at that moment, after C by, at some time , on D in ,at the moment, in 10.Have you got everything ready _ a picnic? A on B for C in D during II 在每格中填入适当的介词：1. He jumped _ joy.2. When still a child _ four, he co

28、uld already write. 3. Youd better speak _ the manager about it.4. He spend too much time _ playing video games. It is bad _ him.5. We must be strict _ the students and _ our work.6. Please give the book to the boy _ the corner.7. I bought a copy of Shanghai Students Post _ my way _home. I read it _

29、the underground. By the time I arrived _my neighbourhood, Id read half _it.8. I was born _ the morning _ December 3, 1985. We were born _ the same year.9. My mother opened my letter instead _hers. I was angry _ her.10. How much did you pay _ the new bike? III. 用方框内的介词填空 on, by, from, in, without, behind, of, across, along, before, until, to, beside, between1.He found himself fall _ the others after he came back from the U.S.A.2._ all the streets, Nanjing Road is the busiest,