中考初中英语被动语态讲解精心整理.docx

1、中考初中英语被动语态讲解精心整理中考初中英语被动语态讲解（精心整理）被动语态专题 定义语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 被动语态的时态：“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表： 时态被动结构一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时will/shall be+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are being+过去分词现在完成时ha

2、ve/has been+过去分词含情态动词can/may/must. be+过去分词 主动语态变被动语态的方法第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”， 时态不变。第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。请对比下面的主动句和被动句：主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China

3、. 被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by themin the southeast of China. 随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）1.Bruce writes a letter every week. 2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. 3.We grow trees every spring. 4.My mother cleans our room every morning. 补充： S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾

4、语前加上介词to或for 。 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring .用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook 1. Mary gave him some books.He was given some books by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary.2. Her father bought her a new bike.She was bought a new bike by her father

5、. A new bike was bought for her by her father.随堂演练：（1）He gave me a book._(间接宾语作主语)_ (直接宾语作主语)（2）My father bought me a new bike._(间接宾语作主语)_ (直接宾语作主语)S+ V+ O+ OC带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。1.We call him Gina. He is called Gina (by us).2.They made me happy. I was made happy (by

6、 them).3.He asked me to come here. I was asked to come here (by him)补充：在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。使役动词let除外。使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）, 二听（hear，listen to）,三让（make, have, let）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）I saw him play football on the playground just now.He was seen to play footba

7、ll on the playground by me.随堂演练：1. We saw them _(play) football. They _ _ _ _ football.2. We often hear her _(sing) in English. She_ often _ _ _ in English.另：see, hear 后接doing作宾补时, 在变为被动语态时不加to。 I can hear him singing. He _ _ _ _. 被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句The photos were taken in Japan. (改为否定句) （改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否

8、定回答） 被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。My bike was stolen yesterday. (2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。The pen was used by my father. 【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take place等，没有被动语态。 被动语态注意点 含“不及物动词+ 介词/副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。She took good care of her grandmother.Her grandmother was taken good

9、 care of by her.随堂演练1.People often talk about that film. That film is often talked _.2.He looks after me very well.I _.3. The nurse took good care of the sick man. The sick man _. 4. We should speak to the old people politely. The old people should _politely. 主动形式表示被动意义. (强调动作自然发生，或事物本身性质)a)某些连系动词:

10、look, smell, taste, feel, sound。主动形式表示被动意义。The music _(听起来) interesting.b)说明主语特征、状态的词。这类词通常主动表被动。grow well , ,wash well , write well , sell well，read well, break easily ,hurt badly（疼得厉害）随堂演练1. We grow rice every year. And it grows well.2. The glass was broken by a boy. This kind of glass _ easily.(容

11、易碎)3. The pen is sold here. It well . (写起来好)4. That book is sold here. It _/_well. (卖得好) (读起来好)5. The shirt is washed every day. And it _well. (洗起来好)6. I like eating the food. And it _ well (吃起来好)7. He _by a car yesterday. Now, his head _(疼)badly.c)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通

12、常主动表被动。d)need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。need doing sth = need to be donewant doing sth = want to be done require doing sth = require to be donebe worth doing sth 值得被做某事 My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。我的旧自行车需要修一下。随堂演练My clothes need _ (wash). Th

13、e book is worth _ (read) twice.The house needs _(repair). 表示动作自然发生的动词，如：appear, come out, happen, take place, die, disappear, fall, break down, itch, rise, belong to随堂演练1. In summer, leaves _(落下) . 2. His car _(抛锚了)on the way here.3. An accident _(发生) and he _(死了). 4. Great changes _(发生) over the ye

14、ars.5. A big cloud _(出现) when the sun _(消失).6. Our teacher told us the sun _(升起) in the east.二、英语书面表达专项训练2 诚信是中华民族的传统美德，也是社会主义核心价值观内容之一。而你的朋友Daming最近却被诚信危机所困扰。上周末，他本来和Lingling相约一起去电影院看电影，但是他却因为在家复习考试，把这件事忘了，直到第二天才想起来。因此，Lingling很生气，并且不愿接受Daming的道歉。请你就此事给校报投稿，以“The Importance of Promise”为题，内容要点如下：1、简

15、述事件；2、谈谈自己的看法，并给Daming一些建议。注意：1、词数80100；2、行文连贯，逻辑合理；3、文中不能出现真实的校名和人名； 4、文章的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。The Importance of PromiseDear editor,People always emphasize（强调） the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise. Promise is very important. Everyone should keep it. Yours,Tony【答案

16、】The Importance of PromiseDear editor,People always emphasize（强调）the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise.Recently, a thing happened to my friend, and I think it was really his fault. Last weekend, my friend Daming had a date with his friend Lingling to watch a mov

17、ie. But he totally forgot it that day because of his review for his exam. So Lingling got too angry to forgive him. In my opinion, it was really his fault. Forgetting the date not only led to Linglings anger, but also made her lose trust in him. Keeping promises is always the traditional virtue of t

18、he Chinese nation. What Daming should do now is to ask for forgiveness and promise that he will never do that again.Promise is very important. Everyone should keep it. Yours,Tony【解析】【分析】本文为一篇稿件，需要学生通过大明和玲玲之间，大明没有信守承诺的事情，谈自己的看法。信守承诺是中华民族的传统美德，在写作过程中，注意文章结构，先写出大明和玲玲之间的事情，然后再说自己对此的看法。【详解】首先，第一句话直接点明作者的

19、观点，大明是犯错了的。然后仔细阐述了事情发生的经过。接下来说出自己对此事件的看法，不信守承诺会导致失去别人的信任，对大明的建议是除了认错之外，还需要再次保证永不再犯。【点睛】文章结构清晰，符合逻辑，先表明自己观点，然后阐述事情，提出自己的观点和建议。整篇文章在谋篇布局上，比较严密。除此之外，中间也使用了一些连接词，例如but，so，because of等，使文章更加通顺。3(B)根据要求完成大作文,词数:80-100体育运动是中学生的共同爱好.请根据下面提示写一篇题为What We Get from Sports 的短文,应该包含以下要点:1,学生参加体育运动的兴趣不同,理由各异.2.多数学生

20、学习疲倦时,通过运动来放松自己.3.男孩参加各项体育运动,希望运动能使自己更强壮.4.女孩也喜欢运动，希望运动使自己减肥和保持健康,苗条.5.你对运动的观点.6.注意:文中不得出现自己的名字和学校的名字7.短文开头已给出,不计入词数.8.参考词语:keep slim (保持苗条)What We Get from SportsStudents in our school have one thing in common an interest in sports._【答案】Students in our school have one thing in common an interest in

21、 sports. But different students have different reasons for taking part in sports.Many students have sports when they feel tired after study. They just want to relax themselves and have fun. Most boys love sports. They take part in all kinds of sports in order to become stronger. They join in the spo

22、rts that interest them most, such as soccer, basketball and volleyball. As for girls, they want to lose weight. They want to keep slim, so they also like taking exercise.In my opinion, no matter what reasons we have, we all can get a lot from sports.【解析】【详解】本篇写作主要是谈论自己对运动的观点和看法，应该用一般现在时态，写作要点要包括：1.提

23、出目前学生对运动的不同看法及原因。2.具体分析（多数学生的观点、男生的观点、女生的观点）。3.提出自己对运动的观点。亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好地完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态，主谓一致，在文中使用了时间状语从句，定语从句，特别使用一些亮点词句，如have fun，in order to，as for，in my opinion等。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，句子通顺，行文连贯。4回首三年，相信你有满满的回忆。在你将踏上新的旅程之际，请给新入学的学弟学妹们两则初中生活的建议，并说说原因，让他们的初中生活更加精彩。请参考下面的思维导图用英语写一篇80词左右的

24、短文。School life Teachers and friends Schoolwork and activitiesMy Advice for Junior High【答案】例文Junior high is an important stage in your life. As a student who is about to enter junior high, your heart must be filled with expectation. To help you get used to the junior high life, I will share you two p

25、ieces of advice. First, establish your routines. By doing this, you can quickly fall into a pattern that feels familiar and comfortable. Second, be sure to try new things. You can join new clubs or take up a new hobby. This will not only get you out of the stressful schoolwork, but also help you mak

26、e more friends. I hope my advice can be helpful to you and make you enjoy your life in the junior high school.【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如as a student，must be，filled with，get used to，relax ourselves，two pieces of advice，fall into，join new clubs，take up，not onlybut also，make more friends，be he

27、lpful to等。而非谓语动词结构To help you get used to the junior high life, I will share you two pieces of advice.和As a student who is about to enter junior high, your heart must be filled with expectation./ By doing this, you can quickly fall into a pattern that feels familiar and comfortable./ I hope my advic

28、e can be helpful to you and make you enjoy your life in the junior high school.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。5书面表达86.目前有

29、不少历史剧在电视上热播.有人通过看历史剧来了解历史，有人选择读史书来了解历史，你选择哪种方法？理由是什么？请你根据以下内容写一篇英语短文。方法理由看历史剧情节有趣、通俗易懂；读历史书资料真实、引人深思；（你的选择）（你的理由）要求：（1）词数：80100个。（2）开头已给出，不计入总词数。（3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。Many historical plays have been on TV recently._【答案】Many historical plays have been on TV recently. Some people like watching historical TV