职称英语考试卫生类A级新增文章阅读理解和完型填空题.docx

1、职称英语考试卫生类A级新增文章阅读理解和完型填空题阅读理解Who Want to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in labo

2、ratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own.L

3、onger life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking, says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work.Longer lives dont just affect the people who live them. The

4、y also affect society as a whole. We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I dont think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer, says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan.The question is What will we get as a society? I suspect it wont be a better society.It would certain

5、ly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the

6、 same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if th

7、at sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand，more people working for longer wo

8、uld create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?Young

9、 people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There wo

10、uld be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In f

11、act ，they are less enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. If this could ever happen，then wed better ask what kind of society we want to get， says Daniel Callahan. We had b

12、etter not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out.词汇:mice / mais / n. 老鼠(复数)sibling / sibli? / n. 兄弟姐妹bioethicist / n. 生物伦理学家注释:1. brothers and sisters born 50 years apart 出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹2. We had better not go anywhere near it 我们最好离它远点，这里的it指代前面讲的 anti-ageing technology.练习:1.Whic

13、h of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?A Spendingmore time with his family.B Havingmore education.C Realizing more dreams.D Working longer.2.Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?AMarriages in the US today are q

14、uite unstable.BMore and more people in the US today want to get married.CLiving longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.DIf people live longer ，they would stay in marriage longer.3.All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT

15、ACommunication between employers and employees would be more difficult.BMore money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.CThe job market would be more competitive.DIt would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.4.An important feature of a society in wh

16、ich people live a long life is thatAit places more emphasis on educating the young.Bit is both wise and energetic.Cit lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.Dit welcomes changes.5. Which of the following best describes Callahan s attitude to anti-ageing technology ?AOptimistic.BPessimistic.CR

17、eserved.DNegative.答案与题解：1. B 长寿使个人能做的事主要在第三、四段里讲到，作者没有提到长寿可以让人更多地接受教育。2.A 本题答案以下面的这两句话为依据:Peopleare already findingit more difficultto stay married.Divorce rates are rising.暗示美国人目前的婚姻关系已经十分脆弱。3.B 文章的第九段讲了寿命延长、退休推迟可能带来的种种问题，但作者没有提到雇佣者需要更多的钱来支付员工的工资。4.C 答案可以在第十、十一这两段里找到。5.C 本题的答案依据可以在最后一段里找到。Callahan

18、认为在搞清楚长寿社会会给我们带来哪些问题之前，最好不要急着搞抗衰老的技术。可见他对抗衰老技术的发展是有保留的。Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors inf1uence

19、 some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent ，well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others，pointed out John Hay

20、es，assistant professor of food science ，who was lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjo

21、yable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions ，spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women ，reportedly healthy ，ranging

22、 in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.Most of us li

23、ke the taste of salt. However，some individuals eat more salt ，both because they like the taste of saltiness more ，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food. said Hayes. Supertasters，people who experience tastes more intensely ，consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack

24、foods have saltiness as their primary flavor ，and at least for these foods， more is better ，so the supertasters seem to like them more. However ，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese ，Hayes noted. For example ，cheese is a wonderful ble

25、nd of dairy flavors from fermented milk ，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt , he said. A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Bla

26、keslee ，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result ，Hayes explained ，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists ，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.Some people ，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being

27、 extremely bitter ，while others ，called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter. he said. Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness. 词汇:publicize /

28、 p?blisaiz / v. 引起公众对的注 意;(用广告)宣传dietary / dai?teri / adj. 饮食的;规定食物的ferment / f?:ment / v. (使)发酵geneticist / d?inetisist / n. 遗传学家acuity / ?kju:iti / n. 敏锐;尖锐注释:1. Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences: 即 Penn State University-College of Agricultural Sciences 宾州州立大学农学院。Penn 是 Pennsylvania 的缩写，

29、是美国宾夕法尼亚州州名。宾州州立大学建于1855年，在全国共有 24 个分校。在句中，Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences 用作定语，修饰 food scientist。2. well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food:有关减少食物含盐量的大力宣传的做法.3. left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others:

30、使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的食物。fare 相当于 food。4. lead investigator:研发项目负责人5. carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods as soup and chips，on multiple occasion ，spread out over weeks:经过仔细筛选的实验参与者，他们在几周内的不同时间 里品尝加了盐的食物，如汤和薯条。6. too pronounced:此处 pronounced 为形容词，意为 very noticeable ，conspicuous(

31、明显的，显著的)。7. supertasting： 超重味感练习:1. In paragraph 2 ，John Hayes points out thatA it is good to health to eat food without salt.B many people reject low-salt food completely.C many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantlyD food with reduced salt tastes better.2.The fourth paragraph describes

32、brieflyA. how to select subjects and what to do in the research.B. how to identify supertasters and nontasters.C. why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.D. why to select more male subjects than female ones.3.The article argues that supertastersA like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.B like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flav