研究生英语综合教程下册英汉互译.docx

1、研究生英语综合教程下册英汉互译Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for th

2、e better.Their refrain might go something like this: I wish it hadnt happened, but Im a better person for it.1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭遇恶性袭击事件，没有人想要遭遇其中。但出人意料的是，很多人发现承受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their

3、tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences

4、 are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历艰难困苦后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正意义的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应并不限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。

5、实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活此后在某些方面有了改善。3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesnt kill you can actually make you

6、stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.3诸如此类有关危机改变人生效果的发现具有研究价值，这正是创伤后成长学说这一新学科的研究领域。这一新兴领域已经证实了

7、曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。更加普遍的情况是，人们会恢复过来甚至最终会健康生活。4 Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life. Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a

8、hunt for bliss-a life protected from bad feelings,free from pain and confusion.4那些经历灾难而健康成长的人是有关幸福悖论的生动佐证:为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们不仅仅需要愉悦的感受。我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福佑:一生没有不良情绪，没有痛苦和困惑。5 This anodyne definition of well-being leaves out the better half of the story, the rich, full joy that comes from a meaning

9、ful life. It is the dark matter of happiness,the ineffable quality we admire in wise men and women and aspire to cultivate in our own lives. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning

10、of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for the good life.5这种对幸福的平淡定义遗漏了问题的最主要的部分种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。那就是幸福的实质是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种妙不可言的品质。结果表明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫与他们未曾预料到的打击做斗争，并重新思考他们生活的意义

11、或许对那种意义深刻的、令人具有成就感的人生经历(哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻)最有发言权。6 This broader definition of good living blends deep satisfaction and a profound connection to others through empathy. It is dominated by happy feelings but seasoned also with nostalgia and regret. Happiness is only one among many values in human lif

12、e, contends Laura King, a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia. Compassion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity-sometimes only the trials of adversity can foster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. To l

13、ive a full human life, a tranquil, carefree existence is not enough. We also need to grow-and sometimes growing hurts.6这种对美好生活如此宽泛的定义把深深的满足感和一种通过移情作用与他人深刻关联在一起。它为愉悦情感所支配，但同时也被添加怀旧和悔恨。密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校的心理学家劳拉金认为:“幸福仅仅是许许多多人生价值中的一种。”怜悯、智慧、利他主义、.洞察力及创造力有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有剧变性情况才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。为过一个充实的人

14、生,平静、无忧无虑的生活是不够的。我们也需要成长-有时成长是痛苦的。7 In a dark room in Queens, New York, 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr believed she was dying. A few months before, she had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs that kept her arthritis in check. She never anticipated what would happen: a withdr

15、awal reactions that eventually left her in total body agony and neurological meltdown. The slightest movement-trying to swallow, for example-was excruciating. Even the pressure of her cheek on the pillow was almost unbearable.7在纽约市皇后区一间漆黑的房间里，31岁的时装设计师特蕾西塞尔感到自己奄奄一息。就在几个月前，她已经停止服用控制她关节炎的强效免疫抑制药。她从没预见

16、到接下来将要发生的事:停药之后的反应最终使她处于全身极度痛苦状态，神经系统出现严重问题。最轻微的动作比如说试着吞咽对她来说也痛苦不堪。甚至将脸压在枕头上也几乎难以忍受。8 Cyr is no wimp-diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis at the age of two, she had endured the symptoms and the treatments (drugs, surgery) her whole life. But this time,she was way6 past her limits, and nothin

17、g her doctors did seemed to help. Either the disease was going to kill her or, pretty soon, she felt she might have to kill herself.8塞尔并不是懦弱的人。她在两岁时就被诊断得了小儿类风湿性关节炎，一生都在忍受着病痛和治疗(药物、手术)的折磨。但是这一次，远远超出他的极限，她的医生所做的一切似乎都不起作用。要么让疾病结束她的生命，要么她就得很快了结自己的生命了。9 As her sleepless nights wore on, though, her suicid

18、al thoughts began to be interrupted by new feelings of gratitude. She was still in agony, but a new consciousness grew stronger each night: an awesome sense of liberation, combined with an all-encompassing feeling of sympathy and compassion. I felt stripped of everything Id ever identified myself wi

19、th, she said six months later. Everything I thought Id known or believed in was useless-time, money, self-image, perception. Recognizing that was so freeing.9然而，在经历了若干个不眠之夜后，她想自杀的念头开始被新的感激之情所打断。虽然她仍然处于极端痛苦态，但一种新的意识每一夜都变得更加强烈:一种令人敬畏的解脱感，结合着一种包容一切的同情和怜悯的情感。“我感到一切我曾经用来认同自己身份的东西都被剥夺了，”六个月后她这样说道，“一切我认为我知

20、道或相信的事物时间、金钱、自我形象、观念都毫无价值了。意识到这一点真是让我感到解脱。”10 Within a few months, she began to be able to move more freely, thanks to a cocktail of steroids and other drugs. She says now theres no question that her life is better. l felt I had been shown the secret of life and why were here: to be happy and to nur

21、ture other life. Its that simple.10在几个月内，多亏类固醇加其他药物的鸡尾酒疗法，她开始能够更加自如地活动了。她说，毫无疑问她现在的生活状况有了好转。“我感觉我窥探到了生命的秘密以及我们生存的意义，那就是快乐地生活，同时扶持他人。就这么简单!”11 Her mind-blowing experience came as a total surprise. But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical, says Rich Tedeschi, a professor of psycholog

22、y at the University of North Carolina in Charlotte who coined the term post-traumatic growth. His studies of people who have endured extreme events, like combat, violent crime or sudden serious illness show that most feel dazed and anxious in the immediate aftermath; they are preoccupied with the id

23、ea that their lives have been shattered. A few are haunted long afterward by memory problems, sleep trouble and similar symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder 7. But Tedeschi and others have found that for many people-perhaps even the majority-life ultimately becomes richer and more Gratifying.1

24、1她这种不可思议的经历完全是个惊喜。但是北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校心理学教授里奇特德斯基认为，这种转变的感觉从某些方面看却是很典型的。里奇特德斯基教授杜撰了“创伤后成长”一词。他对那些经历了诸如搏斗、暴力犯罪、突发性重症等极端事件的人群进行了研究，这些研究表明，在刚经历不幸后大多数人随即都会感到茫然和焦虑。他们执着的认为，自己的生活完全被毁了。有少部分人事后很久了还因为记忆问题、失眠以及类似的创伤后压力心理障碍而备受折磨。但特德斯基和其他学者发现，对很多人可能甚至是绝大多数人来说，生活最终会变得更加丰富和更加令人满足。12 Something similar happens to many pe

25、ople who experience a terrifying physical threat. In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. Our everyday life scripts-our habits, self-perceptions and assumptions-go out

26、 the window, and we are left with a raw experience of the world.12许多经历过恐怖的人身威胁的人会遇到类似的情况。在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们眼中的世界之间的自我防护精神盔甲被剥离了。我们的日常生活轨迹(我们的习惯、自我观念和设想)全部被抛到九霄云外，只剩下对世界的原始体验。13 Still, actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms with a new reality, usually takes

27、 conscious effort. Being willing and able to take on this process is one of the major differences between those who grow through adversity and those who are destroyed by it. The people who find value in adversity arent the toughest or the most rational. What makes them different is that they are abl

28、e to incorporate what happened into the story of their own life.13尽管如此，要实际实现这些转变并完全无可奈何地接受新的现实，通常需要有意识地付出努力。是否愿意并有能力承担这个过程，就是那些在灾难中成长和那些被灾难所摧毁的人之间主要的区别之一。认为灾难有价值的人并不是最坚强或最理性的人。使他们与众不同的是他们能够将所遭遇的事融入他们自己的人生历程中。”14 Eventually, they may find themselves freed in ways they never imagined.Survivors say the

29、y have become more tolerant and forgiving of others, capable of bringing peace to formerly troubled relationships. They say that material ambitions suddenly seem silly and the pleasures of friends and family paramount-and that the crisis allowed them to recognize life in line with their new prioriti

30、es.14最终，他们可能会发现自己以从未想到过的方式获得了解脱。幸存者往往说他们变得更加宽容，也更能原谅别人，能够缓和原本糟糕的关系。他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊，而朋友和家庭带来的快乐变得极为重要，他们还说危机使他们能够按照这些新的优先之事来重新认识生活。15 People who have grown from adversity often feel much less fear, despite the frightening things theyve been through. They are surprised by their own strength, confident

31、 that they can handle whatever else life throws at them. People dont say that what they went through was wonderful, says Tedeschi. They werent meaning to grow from it. They were just trying to survive. But in retrospect, what they gained was more than they ever anticipated.15从灾难中成长起来的人尽管经历过恐怖的事情，通常感

32、到更加无畏。他们对自己的坚强意志感到吃惊，相信不管今后生活中将要遭遇什么，他们都能应付。特德斯基说:“人们不会说他们所经历的是美好的。他们并不是特意要通过这样的经历来成长。他们只是尽其所能生存下来。回首过去，他们的收获远远超出他们所预料的。16 In his recent book Satisfaction, Emory University psychiatrist Gregory Berns points to extreme endurance athletes who push themselves to their physical limits for days at a time. They cycle through the same sequence of sensations as do trauma survivors: self-loss, confusion and, finally, a new sense of mastery. For ultramarathoners, who regularly run 100-mile races that last more than 24 hours, vomiting and hallucinating are normal. After a day and night of running wit