说明文专练doc.docx

1、说明文专练doc说明文专练A(2019张家界调研考试)Chinas first artificial intelligence (AI) textbook for high school students 1._(bring) out last week, following a plan by central government 2._ (include) AI courses in primary and secondary school.The ninechapter textbook, 3._(name) “Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligenc

2、e”， was written by outstanding 4._(scholar) from wellknown schools nationwide, under the joint efforts by the research center for MOOC at East China Normal University and AI startup SenseTime. It includes the history of AI and how the technology can be applied in areas such as facial recognition, au

3、to driving and public security.“The textbook focuses not only on basics of AI, but on 5._(practice) use of AI in daily life，” said Chen Yukun, a professor at East China Normal University, 6._ is also a contributor to the book.Up till now, about 40 high schools across the country 7._ (undertake) the

4、task of being the first group of AI high education pilot program 8._ introducing the textbook in the curriculum. “The AI sector is facing a talent shortage 9._ (global). The publication of the book is 10._ breakthrough as it takes AI technology out of the ivory tower and makes it part of high school

5、 learning，” said Lin Dahua, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。近期，国内发行了适用于高中生的首本人工智能教科书。1was brought根据表示过去的时间状语last week可知，此处要用一般过去时；主语textbook是单数，与bring out“出版”是被动关系，故用被动语态，且谓语用单数形式。2to include这里是不定式作后置定语，用来说明被修饰词plan的内容。3named本句中name“给命名”与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。4scholar

6、s定语from wellknown schools nationwide说明编写者是来自国内著名学校的不止一位学者，故用scholar的复数形式。5practical空处修饰名词use，表示“实际运用”，故填形容词practical。6who空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词指人，空处在从句中作主语，故只能用who。7have undertaken时间状语Up till now表示“直到现在”，常与现在完成时连用。undertake表示“承担”。8by此处介词by后接动名词短语表示方式，作状语。9globally修饰动词应用副词。globally意为“全世界地”，相当于all over the

7、 world。10a本句表示“出版首本AI教材是一个突破”，breakthrough“突破”是可数名词，根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，故其前应用不定冠词a。BSome of you may play Ant Forest(蚂蚁森林)It is 1._ game on Alipay(支付宝)Users collect “energy” 2._(make) their “trees” grow.When the “energy” reaches a certain level, a real tree 3._(plant)in a desert area of China.According to

8、a study 4._(publish)in February, China are mainly responsible 5._ making the Earth greener over the past two decades.The study has found that since 2000 the Earths green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers.Thats an area 6._(equally)to the total area of the Amazo

9、n rainforest, 7._ is mainly the result of big treeplanting programs in China.Over the past decades, China 8._(make)great efforts to green the land.In 1978, China began a nationallevel forestation projectthe Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program, also 9._(know)as the “Great Green Wall”The program ha

10、s seen many trees planted in 13 provinces and autonomous regions in northern China to act as windbreaks.By the end of 2017, the forest coverage rate among the 10._(region)of the project had reached 13.57 percent, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago.【语篇解读】不少人都会在支付宝的“蚂蚁森林”里偷“能量”种树，而这样一个小小的举动，或许能真正改变

11、地球的生态环境。1a这里指在支付宝的一个游戏项目，表示泛指。2to make该处使用不定式短语作目的状语。3will be planted由语境可知应该使用将来时；由主语和动词的逻辑关系可知使用被动形式。4published过去分词短语在句中作后置定语。5forbe responsible for 意为：为负责。6equal名词后使用形容词短语作后置定语。7which关系代词which代指前面的整个句子，且在定语从句中作主语。8has made由时间状语Over the past decades 可知此处应该使用现在完成时。9known过去分词短语在句中作后置定语，修饰名词。10regions

12、由语境可知此处应该使用复数形式。C(2019扬州高三模拟考试)Dabbawalas, 1._ means lunch box delivery people in Hindi, are an important part of Indian society, especially in Mumbai.This oneofakind network of delivery people 2._ (bring)homecooked lunches from an office workers home to their workplace.Many dabbawalas come from poo

13、r 3._(area) and dont have money to buy a car.However, they manage 4._(deliver) around 200，000 meals every day in Mumbai on foot or by bicycle.Most Indians prefer to eat food 5._ (prepare) at home because its done to their personal taste, and theyre sure it will be clean.In the morning, a dabbawala g

14、oes to each workers home 6._ picks up his lunch box.Then, the lunch box passes from person to person in the network of delivery people.The delivery system is so 7._ (efficient) organized that the lunch boxes arrive just in time for the midday meal.They even take the dirty dishes back to each workers

15、 home, too!This 8._ (tradition) delivery method has been growing fast.Recently，KFC in India teamed up 9._ the dabbawalas to offer its meals through their network.10._ public love the idea and are happy to have another choice.Still，nothing beats a homecooked meal delivered right to your office.【语篇解读】

16、本文是说明文。文章介绍了印度传奇送饭工达巴瓦拉的工作方式。1which设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Dabbawalas，且在从句中作主语，故填which。2brings设空处在此做谓语，根据语境可知，此处用一般现在时，且主语是单数名词network，故填brings。3areasarea是可数名词，根据语境可知，此处表示多个不同的地区，故用复数。4to delivermanage to do sth意为“设法做到某事”。5prepared设空处作后置定语，prepare与food之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且prepare所表示的动作在eat所表示的动作之前完成，故填prepared。6a

17、ndgoes to each workers home和picks up his lunch box做并列谓语，且两者之间是顺承关系，故填and。7efficiently设空处修饰organized，故用副词。8traditional设空处作定语修饰名词短语delivery method，意为“传统的”，故填traditional。9withteam up with.意为“与合作”。10Thethe public意为“公众”。D(2019长沙高三第一次统考)Since its inception (开始) in 1970 the Kona Coffee Cultural Festival 1.

18、_ (seek) to preserve and promote Konas nearly 200year coffee heritage.The Festival features 10 days of festivities 2._ (honor) pioneers，farmers, artisans & coffee!The annual Kona coffee harvest 3._ has maintained Konas agricultural community for nearly 200 years is celebrated every November.4_ (reco

19、gnize) as the oldest and one of the most 5._ (success) food festivals in Hawaii, 10 days of events promote Hawaiis unique culture and Konas unique coffee heritage.The Kona Coffee Cultural Festival 6._ (support) as a Signature Festival by Hawaii Tourism Authority (HTA) and is made possible through th

20、e support of Ueshima Coffee Co., Ltd., Kamehameha Schools, and numerous other corporate and community donors.Everyone is invited 7._ (come) together and visit Kona during the coffee harvest season and celebrate the culture behind the cup.Throughout the 10day Festival, celebrate the harvest as Kona c

21、offee farms offer 8._ firsthand look at growing this worldfamous crop, the coffee art scene fills with 9._ (inspire), and music and dance 10._ (certain) enrich cultural exchanges.Kona coffee and food events offer tastings, and handson cultural events help tell the story of Konas rich coffee history.

22、【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了每年11月份举行的为期10天的盛大的科纳咖啡文化节。1has sought/has been seeking根据该空前的Since its inception in 1970可知，该空需用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，故填has sought/has been seeking。2honoringThe Festival与honor之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用honor的动词ing形式作状语，表示伴随状况。3which/that空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰The annual Kona coffee harvest，且在从句中作主语，故填which/that。

23、4Recognizedrecognize与逻辑主语10 days of events之间是动宾关系，且所表示的动作已完成，故填Recognized。5successful该空修饰名词词组food festivals，需用其形容词形式，故填successful。6is supported由于主语The Kona Coffee Cultural Festival是谓语动词动作support的承受者，故需用被动语态；这里是在描写一般情况，故用一般现在时，故填is supported。7to comebe invited to do sth意为“被邀请做某事”。8aa look at意为“看，瞧”，故

24、填a。9inspiration设空处作with的宾语，需用名词形式，故填inspiration。10certainly设空处修饰动词enrich，需用副词形式，故填certainly。A(2019盐城高三模拟考试)Cats eyes are a cheap and effective invention to mark roads without lights.They 1._ (fix) to the middle of roads and help drivers see the road when there are no streetlights.Cats eyes reflect c

25、ars lights，so they make it easier for drivers 2._ (see) in bad weather or at night.You can see the cats eyes 90 metres away, which makes driving much less dangerous.Percy Shaw invented cats eyes in the 1930s.He lived in Halifax, England，3._ fog was common.Like many inventions, there are several stor

26、ies about how Shaw 4._ (have) his brilliant idea.One romantic story is that Shaw invented the cats eyes when he saw a cat sitting beside the road.Shaw was driving in the fog, and his headlights reflected from the 5._(eye) of the cat and saved him from 6._ accident.That, they say, is how the inventio

27、n got 7._ (it) name.Cats eyes in the centre of the road are white.On motorways in the UK, red cats eyes mark the inside lane.Green cats eyes show where a smaller road leaves or 8._ (join) the motorway.Blue cats eyes mark the places on the motorway that 9._ (mere) the police can use.These colour code

28、s are more recent inventions, but the 10._ (origin) idea is still the same as Shaw designed all those years ago.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了猫眼道钉的发明史以及具体使用的情况。1are fixed由于主语They是谓语动词动作fix的承受者，故需用被动语态；这里是在描写客观事实，故用一般现在时。2to see设空处前的it是形式宾语，故用不定式to see作真正的宾语。3where设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Halifax且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。4had设空处

29、描写的是过去发生的事情，故填had。5eyes设空处所在语境表示猫的眼睛，eye为可数名词，故填eyes。6an设空处泛指“一次”事故，且在accident前，故填an。7its设空处指“这项发明的”，故填形容词性物主代词its。8joins设空处的主语是a smaller road，且与leaves并列，故填joins。9merely设空处作状语修饰use，故填merely。10original设空处修饰名词idea，故填original。B(2019徐州高三模拟考试)Are you a breakfast eater 1._ a breakfast skipper? If you have

30、 been skipping breakfast, you may be doing your body 2._ (much)harm than good.Some studies have shown that skipping breakfast is associated 3._ the prevalence(盛行) of obesity.While studies have yet to show a consistent link between eating breakfast and body weight, one of the assumptions given 4._ (be) that although breakfast skippers miss the calories from breakfast, it might be compensated through food 5._(eat) at other times during the day.Breakfast eaters tend 6._