人教版八年级上册英语语法讲解与练习.docx

1、人教版八年级上册英语语法讲解与练习Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?词语辨析：1.anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems /

2、 seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几

3、种情况不能用begin .1)创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month.2)机器开动： I cant start my car.3)出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I

4、want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接

5、不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive. Unit 2 How often do you exercise?词语辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times

6、 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how for 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.2.free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time

7、.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.3.How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to t

8、he party?4.stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.5.go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6.find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have

9、found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.7.percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.8.more than 超过，多于

10、，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of aski

11、ng question.Im afraid + 从句 （恐怕，担心）： Im afraid I have to go now.10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.I will go to Shanghai

12、sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story?some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.I ll stay here for some time. -How long will you s

13、tay here? Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister词语辨析：laugh v. & n. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。（与at连用）嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by

14、seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：Thoug

15、h he was poor，but he was happy.（误）though adv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though. 语法讲解：形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）ta

16、llergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er， -esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-estclever（聪明的）narro

17、w（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的）well（健康的）betterbestbad（坏的）ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar（远的）farther

18、/furtherfarthest/furthest Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater句型：1.It has the biggest screens.2.The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3.How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？4.Thanks forget telling me.5.Can I ask you some questions?常用法：Can I ask you some. How do you like. 你认为怎么样Thanks for doing

19、sth.What do you think of .much + 形容词或副词比较级 .得多watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用one of +可数名词复数 .之一练习，用括号里的词的适当形式填空。1. We went to the _(bad) restaurant in town last night. The menu had only 10dishes and the service was not good at all.2. Blue Moon is _(good), but Milers is _(

20、good ) in town.3. The Big Screen is _(expensive) than most cinemas, but Cinema City is _(expensive).4. Movie City has the _ (bad) service, but we can sit the_ (comfortably)there.5. Johnny Dep acted the _(good) in that movie. Hes much _(good) than other actors at finding the _(interesting) role.阅读信息然

21、后在下面的句子中改错。A movie ticket at Town Cinema is $12.00. It is $10.50 at Screen City, and $10.00 at Movie World.Screen City is always very crowded. Many people go to Movie World, too. But you can always get a ticket at Town Cinema. The seats at Movie World are very comfortable. The seats at Screen City a

22、re a little hard. The Town Cinema seats are very uncomfortable.1.Movie World is the most expensive.2.Screen City has the cheapest tickets.3.Town cinema is more popular than Screen City.4.Movie World is the most popular.5.Town Cinema has the most comfortable seatsUnit 5 Do you want to a game show?句型：

23、-What do you think of talk shows?-I dont mind them.I hope to be a TV reporter one day.How about you?常用法：let sb. do sth. plan to do sth.hope to do sth. happen to do sth.expect to do sth. How about doingbe ready to do sth. try ones best to do sth.知识点：1、the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析th

24、e other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数

25、名词 = any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me. Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：Some students are doing homework,others

26、 are talking loudly.another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one. 2.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.3、 go on 发生，与 take place 同义I wonder what was going on. 4、happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。Sth + happens to sb.

27、A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事An accident happened on Park Street.happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧”.Sb + happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：

28、Great changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Friday.5、expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计可能发生。Im expecting Li Lins letter.2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事Lily expects to come back next week.3)expect sb. to do sth.I expect my mother to come back early.4)expect

29、+ 从句 预计I expected that Ill come back next Monday.6、 serious a. 严肃的，认真的。 He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真 _Hes serious about selling his house.根据你的实际观点回答问题。1.What do you think of game sh

30、ows?2.What comedy shows do you like to watch?3.Do you plan to watch a sports show tonight?4.What can you expect to learn from the news?编对话。A: What do you plan to watch on TV tonight?B: I hope to _, but I also want to _.How about you? Do you _ a talk show or_?A: Oh, I want to _.用所给词语造句，使对话通顺。A: _(what/think of/ soap operas)B: _(cant stand)A: _