高中英语旧词新义概述.docx

1、高中英语旧词新义概述against反对, 逆着, 倚靠着,1、 与成对照against a dark background 与黑色背景成对照; The picture looks better against the light wall. 这幅画挂在浅色的墙上显得更美。2、防备；防御against the cold 防冷We are all taking medicine against the flu.我们都在服药预防流感。air空气,天空1、 发表(意见等)air ones views发表意见使通风, 使通气She aired the room by opening the window

2、. 她打开窗子使房间通风。allow允许，准许体谅; 考虑到;顾及(for)We must allow for his youth.我们应当体谅他年轻。留出；允许有allow 10% for inflation 允许10%的通货膨胀allow 15 minutes for delay 预留15分钟以防耽搁alone单独地, 独自地用在名词或代词之后只有, 唯有, 仅仅Smith alone knew what happened. 只有史密斯知道发生了什么事。 The key alone will open the door. 只有这把钥匙能开这个门。attend出席，参加侍侯，照应,与on/

3、upon 连用)attend the very sick patients 照应重病人attend on / upon a very sick man 处理、料理（与to 连用）attend to the problem beat连续击打, 揍击败,战胜（用于比赛中）beat sb at the table tennis match规律性地拍击to beat a drum 击鼓The heart beats. 心脏跳动。My pulse beats normally.我脉搏正常。搅拌to beat eggs 打鸡蛋1、 鼓(翼)The bird beat its wings. 鸟扑打翅膀。bl

4、ock（大）块；（大）片；街区1、 阻塞; 堵住,阻挡（vt）The police have blocked the road. 警察已经封锁了道路。block out light阻挡光线trees that block the view2、 障碍物；阻塞(n)a block in the pipes 管道阻塞to put up a road block 设置路障book书预定Youll have to book up early. 你要早一点订座。 build建造, 建筑体格；体型Were of the same build.我们体型相同a man of strong build体格健壮的人

5、business商业, 买卖, 交易, 生意,商店,商行run / operate/ manage a business营业in business经商 on business出差，办事职责；本分Its a teachers business to make children learn. 使学生学习是老师的责任。事情, 事物Mind your own business.Its none of your business.capital首都, 首都的1、 资本；资金；资方; The Smith Company has a capital of 30.000.史密斯公司有3万美元的资本。2、大写字

6、母大写的（字母）capital letters 大写字母Write your name in capitals. 用大写字母写你的名字。charge收费，索价(vt)费用(n)主管，负责1、 指控(v /n)He was charged with stealing a car. 他被指控偷了一辆汽车。（charge sb. with sth ; 类似 accuse sb. of sth）2、猛冲；攻击；向前冲Suddenly the wild animal charged at us.突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。Charge the enemy向敌人发起冲锋3、充电、装(满), 装料,charg

7、e a gun with powder用火药填满炮collect.收集1、收（租， 税，帐等）； 募（捐）collect taxes.收税collect (raise) money 募集资金2、使镇静；集中（思想等）Before you begin to make a speech, you should collect your thoughts and ideas.在你开始讲话之前，你应当集中你的思想和意念。collect ones emotions.镇定情绪collect oneself心平气和， 平心静气， 镇定一下company公司,1、 陪伴、伴侣He kept me compan

8、y. 他陪伴我。in the company of在.陪同下I had no company on the journey. 我在旅行中没有同伴。contentn.内容, 容量, 目录, 满足（to ones hearts content心满意足adj.满足的, 满意的, 愿意1、 使满意或满足vt.Nothing contents her, she is always complaining. 没有什么能使她满意，她总是抱怨。contented himself with one piece of cake.（他）吃了一块蛋糕非常地满足2、含量the content of silver in

9、a ton of ore 一吨矿砂中银的含量corner角落, (街道)拐角处,把难住；使走投无路The dog cornered the rat. 狗把老鼠逼到一个角落。count数数, 计算（count down倒计时）1、依靠，依赖(on)You can count on my help.你可以依赖我的帮助2、 认为；视为；看作count it an honor (to do sth.) （把做某事）引以为荣3、有价值；重要；有用Every second counts. 每一秒钟都很重要。You really count with me.对我来说你确实很重要cover盖子, 封面覆盖 1

10、、 占（时间或空间）The town covers 5 square miles. 小镇占地5平方英里。 2、 走完（一段路程）I want to cover 100 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完100英里3、 新闻采访cover a fire for a newspaper 为报纸采访失火的新闻4、 够付（费用）These expenses are covered by the state. 这些费用都由国家负担。5、包括；包含；论及The review covered everything we learned last term. 这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程

11、。6、看完(多少页书)cover fifty pages in 15 minutesdevelop发展, 形成，研制,开发冲洗(胶片、相片等)develop films /photos冲洗胶卷draw画图吸引；拉；抽；打成平局；不分胜负draw water from the well从井中把水抽出来draw a lesson吸取教训draw 20dollars from the bank从银行提取20美元draw a conclusion引出、得出结论draw ones attention（to ）引起某人注意The street accident drew a big crowd.马路上的事

12、故吸引了一大群人。The game was drawn.比赛打成了平局。The game ended in a draw. 比赛不分胜负 (平局；不分胜负)employ雇用1、 使采、利用employ force 使用武力Why didnt you employ the new method?你们为什么不采用那个新方法呢?She employs her time wisely.她善于利用时间。（employ. as把.用作）enter进入; 加入；登录,计回车使进加入enter (oneselfsb.) for(替.)报名参加写下或输入We entered our names in the g

13、uest book; 我们在来客名薄上写下姓名；enter the data into the computer.把数据输入电脑equal平等的；相等的； 等于（vt）1、胜任的John is quite equal to the job of running the office.约翰很能胜任主理这个办事处的工作。2、比得上(vt)None of us can equal her. 没人比得上她。express表达, 表示1、快速的；快递的an express train2、快车(= express train) 快递服务；快件服务the No. 12 special express to

14、Beijing开往北京的12 次特快fair公平的（adj.）(肤色)白皙的, (头发)金黄的(天气)晴朗的fair skin.白皙的皮肤fair hair.金发fair skies.晴朗的天空集市 商品展览会；商品交易会village fair农村集市trade fair商品交易会industrial fair工业博览会adv公平地；公正诚实地You must play fair.你必须公正处事。你必须公平地比赛。figure数字, 人像；画像; 图；图表人物the great figures of history 历史上的伟大人物领会, 懂得We must figure out how t

15、o solve the problem.我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。(figure out算出；了解)He figured the whole scheme at once.他马上就懂得了整个计划。推测, 判断, 估计I figure hell be back soon.我估计他很快会回来。game比赛, 游戏, 竞赛, 复运动会猎物,野味（不可数）Lions and elephants are called big game when they are hunted.被追捕的狮和象称为大猎物。gift赠品, 礼物, 天赋, 才能He has a gift for poetry. 他有做诗

16、的天赋。a man of many gifts 多才多艺的人grade等级；级别；年级1、成绩；分数He always got high grades in school.他在学校里总是得高分。2、分等，分级These apples have been graded according to size and quality.这些苹果已经按照大小和质量分了等级。hold拿着，握着召开，举行;使身体保持某种姿势 Hold yourself still. 身体不要动。抑制；控制to hold ones breath 屏住气容纳；装The room can hold twenty people. 这

17、屋子可容下20个人。How much water does the jug hold?那罐子能盛多少水?占有；占据；坚守to hold a position 坚守阵地拥有，持有（金钱、土地、职位等）hold an important position at the bank. 在这家银行里担任一个重要的职务。 My husband and I hold conflicting opinions on this matter.对于这件事,我和丈夫的意见相左。保持；继续Hold the line, please.请不要挂断电话机!Do you think the good weather can

18、hold?你认为好天气能持续下去吗?认为，以为 We hold that no country should interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.我们认为一国不应干涉他国的内政。land陆地; 土地，（使）登陆, （使）登岸,（使）着陆；国家war between lands 国与国之间的战争（非正式）搞到，捞到，获得，取得land a well-paid job; 找到一份收入很高的工作late迟的, 晚(期)的(adj/ adv)1、已故的前任的the late doctor已故的医生the late president

19、前任总统the late government 上届政府his late wife 他已亡故的妻子2、新近的，最近的the late news最近的新闻the late earthquake最近的地震3、不久前、新近（adv）I saw Mr. Wang as late as yesterday.就在昨天我还看见过王先生。last最后的，最末的; 紧接前面的；刚过去的(adj)最后（的人、东西）；最后，上次1、vi.持续, 延续, 维持; 耐久The festival lasted two days.节日持续了两天。This cloth lasts well.这种布很耐穿。2、够用、使得以维持

20、（vt）The food will last us another week.食品够我们再吃一星期。3、最不可能的least likely or expected）；最不适当的，最不合适的（the least desirable or suitable）the last person we would have suspected.我们最不可能怀疑的人 the last man for the job.对这项工作最不合适的人lead领导，引导，铅1、通往（向）（to）The path leads to the village. 这条小路通到那村庄。1、 导致（to）lead to the th

21、ief being caught2、 在比赛中）领先After the first half of the race I was leading. 跑了一半赛程后我领先了She was in the lead during the race. 她在赛跑中领先。3、 过（生活）He led a hard life.他的日子过得很苦。4、 榜样,带头take the lead in everythingleave离开, 动身;留下，把（落）遗忘在某地；把交付（委托）给1、使处于某种状态leave the work undone丢下工作不干leave him an orphan 使他成为孤儿leav

22、e him sad 使他伤心leave the raincoat hanging behind the door 让雨衣挂在门后leave sb. in the dark 不让某人知道2、听任leave him there让他呆在那里吧。leave it as it is让它保持原样。I will leave you to do as you like.你爱做什么就做什么。3、准休假, 假期(不可数)ask for leave请假ask for two days leave(take two days off)请两天假be on leave 在度假；在假期中grant / give sb a

23、leave准某人的假（此处冠词为特殊用法）lift举起,.升高, 提高; 英电梯; 吊车1、免费搭乘，搭便车He gave me a lift to the station in his car. 他让我搭他的汽车去火车站。2、窃取（尤指小件物品）；抄袭，从已发表的东西上照抄、剽取(观点、文章等)He was caught lifting make-up in the supermarket.Many of his ideas were lifted from other authors.他的许多见解都是从其他作家那里剽窃来的。line绳；线，路线，线路; 排，列(n)；(使)排列，排队（v）

24、1、 运输公司an airline航空公司a shipping line 海运公司(pl) 台词spend the weekend learning her lines.利用熟记她的台词短信；便条Ill drop you a line.我会留个便条给你lesson功课, (一节)课, pl. 课程教训teach sb. a lesson给某人以教训earn ones lesson得到教训be a lesson to对.是一个教训live生活, 居住,实况地, 实况转播的,adj.活的live animals.活着的动物live shrimps活虾live 表此意仅用于修饰动物、家禽、鱼等。li

25、ve broadcast 现场直播major较大的，主要的,重要的美口主修, 专攻He majors in physics.他主修物理。专业学生He is a history major.他是主修历史的学生大学主修科目manner态度, 举止方法; 方式; 样子；(艺术、文学的)风格, 手法pl. 礼貌, 规矩Its good manners to do sth干有礼貌Its bad manners to do sth.干没礼貌Mind your manners.注意礼貌。mass块；团；堆大多数, 大量1、群众the masses群众, 民众2、群众的, 大规模的mass education

26、大众教育；mass production.大规模生产补充：a mass of = masses of）许多/大量match比赛 ，火柴1、 匹配、匹敌（vi / vt）The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.衬衫的颜色与上衣不相配。The curtains do not match with the decoration.窗帘与室内装璜不相配。Im ready to match my strength with against yours.我准备和你较量较量。These two are well matched in str

27、ength.他们俩势均力敌。2、对手; 相似的人物, 相配的人物You are no match for him. 你不是他的对手。find meet ones match 遇到对手, 棋逢对手best match最佳匹配The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match.蓝衬衫与灰领带很谐调。补充：strike a match 划一根火柴matter事件, 问题1、物质(不可数)Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.物质以三种状态存在: 固态、液态和气态。2、pl.事态,情况Thats

28、how matters stand.目前情况就是这样。3、有问题的，有毛病的（与the 连用）I have no idea what is the matter.There is nothing the matter with it.(the matter = wrong)4、有关系, 有重要性，要紧（vi）What matters most is that you should have confidence in yourself.补充： as a matter of fact ; a matter of timemean意思是、意味着; 意欲/想要；意指吝啬的；小气的;卑鄙的be mea

29、n with money花钱小气be mean about/ over 在方面很小气a mean motive.卑鄙的动机（因能力、命运等）注定I believe he is meant to be a soldier. 我相信他天生是要当军人的。用意(v)He means ill /well to me.他对我怀有好意/ 恶意.关系重大;重要My friends mean a lot to me. 方法、手段（means,单复数同形）Every means has been tried,All means have been tried.by means of .； by this / th

30、ese means 1、be meant to必须；得要You are meant to leave a tip. 你得留下小费。2、by all means当然；当然可以3、by no means并没有；绝不：By no means should this remark be taken lightly.这次讲话绝不能等闲视之measure尺寸, 量度的单位; 量具；量器;测量, 1、 措施；办法They took strong measures against dangerous drivers. 他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施。take measures to do sth / about sth2、斟酌, 权衡She