北京市朝阳区届高三上学期期末考试英语精校解析Word版.docx

1、北京市朝阳区届高三上学期期末考试英语精校解析Word版北京市朝阳区 2018-2019 学年度第一学期期末质量检测高三英语试卷 （考试时间 100 分钟满分 120 分)本试卷共 10 页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AI love the desert _1_ it makes me feel spiritual. I especially like the

2、 orange and red sunset in the desert. When the night _2_ (come), I lay my blanket, build a fire, and eat some dinner. Then I like lying on the sand and looking at the countless _3_ (star) in the sky. At this time I can feel more relaxed. Ill wait for another beautiful picture in the morning, the sun

3、rise.【答案】1. because 2. comes 3. stars【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者喜欢沙漠，喜欢在沙漠中做很多的事情。【1题详解】考查连词。句意：我喜欢沙漠，因为它让我感到精神上的愉悦。分析句子可知，本句缺少连接词，根据句意可知，前后句表示因果关系，所以填从属连词because。故填because.【2题详解】考查一般现在时。句意：当夜晚来临的时候，我铺好毯子，生起篝火，吃着晚餐。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，从句的主语为the night,所以谓语为comes。故填comes.【3题详解】考查名词复数。句意：我喜欢躺在沙子上，看着天空中数不尽的星星。star为

4、可数名词，这里指数不尽的星星，所以用star的复数stars。故填 stars.BAs the worlds population grows, a lot of wild animals _4_ (force) to leave their natural home. Many wild animals are in danger. People kill them for food or fur, or because they compete with humans for food supplies. _5_ (lucky), animal rescue organizations a

5、re working hard _6_ (preserve) endangered animals and give them help. More and more people are realizing the importance of protecting wild animals.【答案】4. are forced 5. Luckily 6. to preserve【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了许多野生动物都处在濒临灭绝的危险中，动物救援组织努力地保护野生动物，越来越多的人意识到保护野生动物的重要性。【4题详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：随着世界人口的增长，许多野生动物被迫离

6、开他们的家园。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主句为a lot of wild animals ，谓语为forced,主语与谓语为被动。故填 are forced.【5题详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，动物救援组织正在努力保护濒危动物并向它们提供帮助。Luckily为副词，置于句首，修饰整个句子。故填 Luckily.【6题详解】动词不定式。句意：幸运的是，动物救援组织正在努力保护濒危动物并向它们提供帮助。分析句子可知，动词不定式作目的状语，所以填 to preserve。故填 to preserve.CSmokejumpers are a special type of firefighte

7、r. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot. When they arrive there, they first examine the land and decide _7_to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fire from _8_ (spread). They will use basic equipment to clear land of plants and other dry materials.

8、The work is dangerous, _9_ they love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 38-year-old Alexi Tishin, who _10_ (work) as a smokejumper for 15 years, says, “This is the best job for tough guys.”【答案】7. how 8. spreading 9. but 10. has worked【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了空降森林灭火

9、员的工作性质和主要任务。【7题详解】考查疑问副词。句意：当他们到达那里时，他们首先考察这片土地并决定如何灭火。分析句子可知，decide为及物动词，后接“疑问副词+动词不定式”作宾语，根据句意，应用表示方式的疑问副词how。故填how.【8题详解】考查动名词。句意：他们的主要目标是阻止火势蔓延。from为介词，后接动名词作宾语。spread“传播，蔓延”这里为不及物动词，主动形式表达被动含义。故填spreading.【9题详解】考查连词。句意：这份工作是很危险的，但他们喜欢从飞机上跳下来，救火，住在森林里。前后语意表示转折，所以填连词but。故填 but .【10题详解】考查现在完成时。句意：

10、38岁的Alexi Tishin，已做过15年空降森林灭火员，他说：“这是最适合硬汉的工作。分析句子可知，38-year-old Alexi Tishin为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，由句意可知，定语从句的时态为现在完成时，所以填has worked。故填 has worked.【点睛】疑问代词who, what, which等和疑问副词when, where, how等后面跟不定式，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。分析句子可知，decide为及物动词，后接“疑问副词+动词不定式”作宾语，根据句意，应用表示方式的疑问副词how。故填how.第二节

11、 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Survival in the AndesOn October 13, 1972, a small plane flying to Chile accidentally crashed into a mountain in the Andes. How some of the passengers _11_ to live is one of the greatest survival stories ever told.Th

12、e survivors _12_ inside the remains of the plane, using seat covers for blankets, and waited for a _13_ that never came. Days turned into weeks. It was urgent to find a way to _14_ . Three of the passengersCanessa, Parrado, and Vizintinvolunteered to _15_ through the mountains to search for help. Wh

13、en they left, each man wore similar clothes: three pairs of socks, a plastic bag _16_ each foot to keep the water out, boots, four pairs of trousers, and four sweaters. Many of the clothes came from those who had died in the crash. The three men _17_ that they would survive and bring back help.For p

14、art of the first day, they were glad to make some _18_ . But as the land and weather changed, climbing became _19_ . After several days, they reached what they thought was the top. They had _20_ this moment for days. On the other side of the top, they hoped, would be a _21_ leading down and out of t

15、he mountains. However, they saw the same snow-covered tops. All hope wasnt _22_. Although they were still in the middle of the mountains, Parrado _23_ two low tops far away that didnt have snow. If they could get there, they would be out of the Andes.Within the following days they walked toward the

16、two low tops. Little by little, the landscape began to change. Snow _24_ completely, and flowers were everywhere. “This is the valley,” Canessa said. “This is the way _25_ .” Then things of humanity started to appeara few cans on the ground, some farm animals in a field. By December 21, the extremel

17、y _26_ men made it to the town of Los Maitenes, and a rescue team was sent immediately to _27_ for the survivors who were still high in the Andes.Finally all of the remaining survivors were _28_ . The memories of the crash in the Andes would be with the friends forever, but for now, their terrible _

18、29_ was over. They had made it out_30_ .11. A. learned B. managed C. decided D. expected12. A. stayed B. looked C. turned D. reached13. A. present B. danger C. message D. rescue14. A. prepare B. continue C. escape D. develop15. A. journey B. compare C. measure D. expand16. A. against B. under C. bes

19、ide D. around17. A. admitted B. promised C. informed D. demanded18. A. policy B. help C. progress D. advice19. A. narrower B. heavier C. sharper D. tougher20. A. imagined B. arranged C. witnessed D. appreciated21. A. court B. valley C. border D. channel22. A. sent B. left C. lost D. kept23. A. spott

20、ed B. counted C. rejected D. mentioned24. A. declined B. froze C. spread D. disappeared25. A. behind B. out C. apart D. off26. A. tired B. disappointed C. frightened D. puzzled27. A. fight B. call C. search D. ask28. A. listed B. treated C. picked D. saved29. A. performance B. experience C. challeng

21、e D. exploration30. A. free B. cool C. alive D. crazy【答案】11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. D 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。叙述了1972年10月13日，一架飞机在安第斯山脉坠机，飞机上一些乘客幸存下来，其中三名乘客自愿走出安第斯山脉寻求外界救援，并最终成功帮助其他人获救的故事。【11题详解】考查动词辨析。A. learned学习；B. mana

22、ged管理；C. decided决定；D. expected期望。句意：一些乘客是如何成功活了下来，这是有史以来最伟大的幸存故事之一。“Survival in the Andes”可知，短文主要叙述了1972年10月13日，一架飞机在安第斯山脉坠机，飞机上一些乘客幸存下来，其中三名乘客自愿走出安第斯山脉寻求外界帮助，并最终成功帮助其他人获救的故事。manage to do sth“设法做某事”侧重于成功做某事，这里指成功的活了下来。故B选项切题。【12题详解】考查动词辨析。A. stayed待；B. looked看；C. turned转向；D. reached到达。句意：生还者留在飞机残骸里，

23、用椅套做毯子，等待救援，但始终没有成功。飞机失事，幸存者只有待在飞机残骸里，才能保证自己幸存下来，符合常识。故A选项切题。【13题详解】考查名词辨析。A. present礼物；B. danger危险；C. message信息；D. rescue营救。句意：生还者留在飞机残骸里，用椅套做毯子，等待救援，但始终没有成功。由下文可知，三名幸存者自愿走出安第斯山去寻求救援，所以判断出，这些幸存者，等待了一段时间，但是救援没有来。故D选项切题。【14题详解】考查动词辨析。A. prepare准备；B. continue继续；C. escape逃脱；D. develop发展。句意：最紧急的是要逃出去。飞机

24、失事，幸存者被困在安第斯山，所以当务之急就是要找到出去的路。故C选项切题。【15题详解】考查名词辨析。A. journey旅行；B. compare对比；C. measure测量；D. expand膨胀。句意：其中的三名乘客Canessa、Parrado和Vizintin自愿穿越山脉寻求帮助。这里的journey指的是，三名自愿者，自愿完成寻找道路，寻找救援这段路程。故A选项切题。【16题详解】考查介词辨析。A. against反对；B. under在.下； C. beside在旁；D. around 在周围。句意：当他们离开时，每个人都穿了相似的衣服：三双袜子，每只脚上套上一只塑料袋以防止水

25、进入，靴子，四条裤子和四件毛衣。塑料袋包裹在脚的外面，所以用around。故D选项切题。【17题详解】考查动词辨析。A. admitted承认；B. promised承诺；C. informed告知； D. demanded要求。句意：这三个人保证他们会活下去，并找人来救援。promise“承诺”即表明三位志愿者对于完成任务的信心，也表示给予其他幸存者以希望。故B选项切题。【18题详解】考查名词辨析。A. policy政策；B. help帮助；C. progress进步；D. advice建议。句意：第一天的时间里，他们很高兴取得了一些进展。由“glad”可知，他们取得了一些进展。make p

26、rogress“取得进步”符合句意。故C选项切题。【19题详解】考查形容词比较级辨析。A. narrower狭窄的；B. heavier重的；C. sharper尖锐的；D. tougher强壮的。句意：但随着陆地和天气的变化，攀登变得更加艰难。由but可知，陆地和天气的变化导致了攀登变得不顺路，变得更加艰难了。故D选项切题。【20题详解】考查动词辨析。A. imagined现象；B. arranged安排；C. witnessed见证；D. appreciated感激。句意：他们几天来一直在想象这一刻。由上文“ After several days, they reached what th

27、ey thought was the top”可知，几天后，他们到达了他们认为是顶峰的地方。所以这是他们一直在想象的时刻。故A选项切题。【21题详解】考查名词辨析。A. court法庭； B. valley山谷；C. border边界；D. channel通道。句意：在山顶的另一边，他们希望有一个向下延伸且通往山外的山谷。山与山之间的区域是峡谷，也可能是通往外界的路。所以他们很希望能看到这样的山谷。故B选项切题。【22题详解】考查动词辨析。A. sent发送；B. left离开；C. lost丢失；D. kept保持。句意：并非所有的希望都破灭了。由下文可知，他们看到了低矮的山顶，所以并非所有

28、的希望都破灭了。be lost“迷失，丢失”符合句意。故C选项切题。【23题详解】考查动词辨析。A. spotted发现；B. counted数； C. rejected拒绝； D. mentioned提及。句意：尽管他们还在山的中央，但帕拉多发现了远处两个没有雪的低山顶。Spot“发现”有惊讶和出人意料之意。他们走了很多天，发现了低山顶，看到了希望。故A选项切题。【24题详解】考查动词辨析。A. declined衰退；B. froze 使 结 冰；C. spread蔓延； D. disappeared消失。句意：雪完全消失了，到处都是花。由“ flowers were everywhere”

29、可知，到处都是花，所以判断出此地是没有雪的，雪完全消失了。故D选项切题。【25题详解】考查副词辨析。A. behind在后面；B. out在外面；C. apart分散地；D. off走开。句意：这就是出去的路。由前文“ If they could get there, they would be out of the Andes.”可知，如果他们到达那里，他们就有可能走出安第斯上，所以走出用out。故B选项切题。【26题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. tired疲惫的；B. disappointed失望的；C. frightened害怕的；D. puzzled困惑的。句意：到12月21日，那些极度

30、疲惫的人来到了洛斯梅滕镇，一支救援队被马上派出去搜寻那些仍然在安第斯山脉高处的幸存者。由12 月21日可知，三个志愿者走了68天，所以他们一定很疲惫。故A选项切题。【27题详解】考查动词辨析。A. fight打仗；B. call打电话；C. search搜查；D. ask问。句意：到12月21日，那些极度疲惫的人来到了洛斯梅滕镇，一支救援队被马上派出去搜寻那些仍然在安第斯山脉高处的幸存者。search for “搜寻”。因为不知道其他幸存者具体在什么位置，所以要去搜寻他们的位置。故C选项切题。【28题详解】考查动词辨析。A. listed列举；B. treated对待；C. picked挑；D

31、. saved救。句意：最后剩下的幸存者都得救了。最后，救援队找到幸存者，所以幸存者被救了。故D选项切题。【29题详解】考查名词辨析。A. performance表现；B. experience经历；C. challenge挑战； D. exploration 探 测。句意：安第斯山脉飞机失事的记忆将永远铭记在朋友们的心中，但就目前而言，他们可怕的经历已经结束了。幸存者被救了，所以可怕的经历结束了。故B选项切题。【30题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. free自由的；B. cool凉爽的；C. alive活着的；D. crazy疯狂的。句意：他们活着走了出来。幸存者被救了，所以是活着走出了安第斯山脉。故C选项切题。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。AA Writing FoolIn the seventh grade I realized I was dyslexic, which made it difficult for me to read and spell. I did really b