高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练.docx

1、高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练一.定义：1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。3结构：先行词+关系词+从句二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football ar

2、e from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定

3、语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I

4、saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用限定词 名词+of which或 of which+ 限定词 名词结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken wi

5、ll soon be repaired.三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for wh

6、ich you asked.注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that，不可以省略；指物时用which，不能用that，不可以省略；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my

7、 friend. (T)(2) The man with who/that you talked is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deep

8、ly, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4.限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况1当先行词是some (something 除外),anything, everything, nothing,/ few, little,/all, none,

9、等代词时，或者是由some, any, every, no,/ few, little,/ all, much /the very, the only，one of等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.(5)

10、This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(6) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.(7) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词

11、(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或本身是形容词最高级(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?5. 当先行词既有人，也有物时(1) Can you remember the scientist and hi

12、s theory that we have learned?6. 在There be句型中7.先行词在主句中做表语，或关系代词在从句中做表语。经典习题：1. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 2. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 3. Is this the factory _ he work

13、ed ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 四关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years

14、ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going

15、to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.区别：1) 形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号，而限制性定语从句与先行词之间则无逗号。The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China, which was founded in 1

16、949, is becoming more and more powerful.2) 关系：限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切，是先行词不可缺少的部分；而非限制性定语从句在意义上只是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用。3) 先行词：限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子或其中的一部分。2.非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”1) 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。2) 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which 代替。I had told them the reason, for which I didnt a

17、ttend the meeting.3) 由“介词+关系代词”时，关系代词不能用as。4) 指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom，不能省略。注意:区分以下几个句子的不同理解即可(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）难点分

18、析 （一）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1先行词：As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. 位置：as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句或先行词之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China

19、 is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which3. 当先行词受such, the same，so, as修饰时，常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he

20、 tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同A. She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。B. She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。（二）以the

21、 way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.（三）区分定语从句和同位语从句1)从句和先行词的关系：定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句2)关系词：同位语从句的连

22、词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在从句中作宾语、表语时可省略，作主语也不可省略。Ive heard the news that he visited our factory.Ive heard the news that he told you the other day当when, why, where引导同位语从句时，它们为连接副词。虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分，但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词。I have no idea when he will be back. 。The problem where we got the machine needed has a

23、lready been solved.引导定语从句的when, where, why是关系副词， 在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因或方式意义的名词作先先词。I will never forget the day when I joined the League.The factory where I once worked has changed a lot.(四)定语从句的做题方法：一找出主句，确定先行词；二.找出从句，判断从句是否完整(是否符合简单句的基本构成)否，用关系代词；是，用关系副词。定语从句专项练习1.The place _interested me most was the

24、Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Commun

25、ist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are w

26、orking.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that yo

27、u talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there an

28、yone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D.

29、 as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot

30、 about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in