分析高考真题 破解定语从句.docx

1、分析高考真题 破解定语从句分析高考真题 破解定语从句 在2010年全国及各省市的高考英语试卷中有16套试卷都涉及了定语从句考点。本文归纳出了一些关于定语从句知识点的经典考题和易混知识点考题，并对各个考查热点进行分析，以期助2011年参加高考的考生一臂之力。 热点一考查关系副词where 高考真题 (福建省高考试题 24)1. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. w

2、hose (天津市高考题 8) 2. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 【答案解析】 1. B福建省考题句意是：史蒂芬•霍金认为地球不可能是唯一的上面有生命逐渐进化的星球。定语从句要选用的引导词在句中作状语，表示在星球上，所以只能用where。 2. C天津市高考题对话的意思是：你能相信这次理发居然花了我30元吗？你应该试试我经常去的那家理发店，只要

3、15元。由于先行词the barbers（理发店）在从句中作状语，所以选C where。 备考提醒 （1）先行词表地点，并在从句中作地点状语，则用where引导定语从句；如先行词表地点，但在从句中作主语、宾语时用which，that；作定语则用whose。 （2）英语中有些特殊先行词，如case, point, situation, occasion, activity, business等引导定语从句时，引导词常用where，相当于in which，在从句中作状语。 【追踪练习】 1.（2009年重庆市高考题）Life is like a long race _we compete with

4、 others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where 2.（2009年福建省高考题）Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 3.（2008年江苏省高考题）The Science Museum,_we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist

5、attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where 【答案】1. D2 .D3.A第三题中关系词作定语从句visited的宾语，再加上是非限制性定语从句，因此选A。 热点二考查which引导的非限制性定语从句 高考真题 （2010年全国卷高考题 24）1. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that （2010年四川卷高考题 10）2. After graduating

6、from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where 【答案解析】 1. A这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词a village school在定语从句中又作主语，因此选A。 2. B这道题的句意是：大学毕业后，我休假一段时间去旅行，结果证明这是个明智的决定。用which代替前面整个主句，且在定语从句中作主语，故选B。 备考提醒 （1）which引导的非限制性定语从句先行词可以是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；

7、也可指代前面总个主句，译为“这一点”。其位置只能放在句中，不能放在句首。 （2）根据在定语从句中所作的成分来确定所需要的关系代词或关系副词，若作主语、宾语或表语就用which/who/whom, 若作状语就用when/where。 （3）关系代词that和关系副词why 不能引导非限定性定语从句。 【追踪练习】 1.（2009年山东省高考题）Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 2.（2009年全国卷高考题）My fri

8、end showed me around the town,_ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 3.（2007年全国卷I高考题）Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where 【答案】1. B 2. A.3. D 热点三考查分割式定语从句 高考真题 （2010年江西省高考题 31）1. The girl arranged to

9、 have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A. where B. who C. which D. what （2010年湖南省高考题 28）2. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which （2010年重庆市高考

10、题 28）3. In China, the number of cities is increasing _ development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that 【答案解析】 1. A先行词为the training centre，要选用的引导词在定语从句中作状语，故选关系副词where。 2. A句先行词为several of the students，再加上定语从句中缺少宾语，故选A。 3. C句意是：在中国，城市的数量在增加，城市的发展被全世界意识到。development与先行词c

11、ities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。 备考提醒 （1）因定语从句过长，为使句子保持平衡，常将定语从句和其所修饰的先行词分开，此时找到定语从句的先行词是关键。 （2）有时使用插入语，如 I think, of course, believe it or not, you know等将定语从句和先行词分开，此时可忽略该插入语，这样可以使该从句变得容易而简单。 【追踪练习】 1.(2009年江苏省高考题)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one

12、 night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,_, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which 3. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. whic

13、h I think it D. I think is 【答案】 1. B 2 .D3. A 热点四“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 高考真题 (2010年上海市高考题 38)1. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 【答案解析】 1. C 这道题的意思是：风力是古老的能量来源，在不久的将来我们可能会恢复使用它。介词to +which引导的定语从句修饰先行词energy，retu

14、rn to表示“恢复，回到”之意。 备考提醒 （1）在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。. （2）介词的选取可根据该介词和先行词的固定搭配，介词和定语从句中的动词、形容词、名词等的习惯搭配来确定。 （3）表示“所属关系”或“整体中的部分”时用介词of。 （4）有一些不能拆开的短语动词如pay attention to, look after, take care of， depend on等。 【追踪练习】 1.（2009年陕西省高考题）Gun control is a subject _Americans have argued for a l

15、ong time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 2.(2007年江苏省高考题) He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that 3.(2008年四川省高考题) For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ N

16、ew York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C第一题中的先行词是subject，C选项与从句中的argue构成argue about短语。第三题中先行词为cities，在这些城市中New York是个例子。表“整体中的部分”时用介词of，故选C。 热点五“名词、代词、数词+ of + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 高考真题 (2010年江苏省高考题 32)1. The newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted lig

17、ht green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which （2010年浙江省高考题 3）2. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. them D. those 【答案解析】 1. D先行词the newly built ca

18、f在定语从句中作主语the walls的定语，因此选D构成the walls of which结构。 2. A由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。 备考提醒 （1）由“名词/代词/数词+ of +关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句一样，关系代词指人用whom, 指物用which。 （2）由“名词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句可转换成“whose +名词”引导的定语从句。如：He has lost the dictionary the cover of which

19、 has come off.（the cover of which=whose cover = of which the cover） （3）此种类型的定语从句还可以转换成并列句，如：He has three good friends, all of whom are doctors. 此句可以转换成：He has three good friends and all of them are doctors. 【追踪练习】 1.（2009年海南省高考题）She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. A.

20、 them B. who C. whom D. these 2. （2007年安徽省高考题）Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 3.(2008年湖南省高考题）The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. A. mo

21、st of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 【答案】 1. C 2 .D 3. B 第二题中定语从句表两者都不想买，因此用neither of whom。 热点六定语从句与其他易混淆从句的辨别 名词性从句、状语从句、强调句等都很容易和定语从句混淆，因此定语从句与这些从句的差异就为高考命题提供了很好的切入点，也一直是高考热点。 2010年英语高考试题涉及到与状语从句、名词性从句的区别。 （一）定语从句与状语从句的差异 高考真题 （2010年全国卷高考题33）1. We havent discussed yet _ we

22、are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where （2010年重庆市高考题 32）2. Today, we will begin_ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. when B. where C. how D. what （2010年四川省高考题 20）3. Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break _ she got to h

23、er office. A. since B. that C. when D. until 【答案解析】 1. D“我们还没讨论把我们的家具放在哪？”如果要选择B项，就要在其前加介词in。 2. B“今天，我们将从昨天停止的地方开始以便不遗漏要点。” 3. C这道题考查的是when引导的时间状语从句，句意是：“由于交通拥挤，当她到达办公室时，早已是午饭休息时间了。” 备考提醒 （1）定语从句的前面一定要有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。 （2）when, where和why在引导定语从句时，可用“介词+ which”替换，在状语从句中不可。 （3）where引导的状语从句=in the pl

24、ace where+定语从句。如： I like to live where there is fresh.=I like to live in the place where there is fresh air. 【追踪练习】 1. (2009年山东省高考题）Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it. A. even if B. which C. where D. so that 2.（2009年福建省高考题）She had just finished her homeworkher mother asked her t

25、o practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since 3.（2009年陕西省高考题）My parents dont mind what job I do _ I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 4.（2009年上海市高考题）You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card. A. before B. if

26、 C. while D. as 5.（2009年全国卷高考题）All the dishes in this menu, _ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D第三题选项as long as意思是“只要”。第五题考查状语引导词unless。全句意思是：这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外说明，可以供二到三个人食用。 （二）定语从句与名词性从句的差异 【高考真题】 （2010年四川省高考题 14）1. How much o

27、ne enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives A. what B. who C. how D. why （2010年天津市高考题 14）2. As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. when D. which （2010年江苏省高考题 35）3.I prefer shutting myself in and lis

28、tening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. A. where B. how C. when D. what 【答案解析】 1. B一个人旅行的自得其乐的程度如何，主要取决于他与谁同行，无论是朋友还是亲戚。depend on后接宾语从句，who在从句中作宾语。 2. B作为一个新毕业生，他不知道怎么去创业。根据句子结构，know后接宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故选B。 3. A所填词语除引导该表语从句外，还在从句中充当状语，修饰agree，故选A。 备考提

29、醒 （1）名词性从句相当于名词的用法，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等； 定语从句相当于形容词的用法，在复合句中作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分。 （2）定语从句与名词性从句连接词大多数相同，但what, whether, if, whatever, whoever, how等不能引导定语从句。 （3）名词性从句中的连接词that无意义且不担任成分，在主语、表语、同位语从句中不能省略，在宾语从句中可省；定语从句中的that可指人或物，在从句担任主语、宾语或表语，担任宾语时可省略。 【追踪练习】 1.（2010年湖南省高考题）Cindy shut the door heavily an

30、d burst into tears. No one in the office knew _she was so angry. A. whereB. whetherC. thatD. why 2.(2008年福建省高考题) _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which 3.（2008年陕西省高考题）Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where 4.(2008年上海市高考题)It has b