1、初中英语十大词性详解+100条固定搭配初中英语十大词性详解+100条固定搭配一、词性的分类词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。1.名词 noun n. student 学生2.代词 pronoun pron. you 你3.形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的4.副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5.动词 verb v. cut 砍、割6.数词 numeral num. three 三7.冠词 article art. a 一个8.介词 preposition prep. at 在.9.连词 conjunction conj. a
2、nd 和10.感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。二、名词名词复数的规则变化名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加“s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下:(1)单数名词词尾加“s”,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“s”,如the boys bag 男孩的书包,mens room 男厕所。(2)若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加“”,如:the workers struggle工人的斗争。三、代词大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代
3、词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。人称代词的用法:指示代词指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词。疑问代词指人:who, whom, whose指物:what既可指人又可指物:which四、冠词冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词。不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意思。定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思。(1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Take the med
4、icine.把药吃了。(2)上文提到过的人或事:He bought a house. Ive been to the house.(3)指世上独一物二的事物:the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth(敲黑板,这个是经常会在选择题中考到的知识点)(4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面:Where do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。(6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:They
5、are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)(7)用在专有名词前:the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国(8)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)五、数词表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。序数词表示排列的顺序序数词的缩写形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母.如:first-1st;second-2nd;third-3rd;thirty-first-31st基数词变序数词的巧记口诀一,二
6、,三要全变;(one-first; two-second;three- third)其余都加th,th里有例外,8去t,(eight-eighth) 9去e(nine-ninth)字母f代ve(five-fifth; twelve-twelfth);ty变成tie(twenty-twentieth)若要变化几十几,只变个位就可以(twenty-one-twenty-first)数词的用法(1)倍数表示法a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the s
7、ize (amount,length) ofThe earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ thanThe grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.(2)分数表示法构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分
8、子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数:1/3 one-third ;3/37 three and three-sevenths六、形容词主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice以-ly结尾的形容词(1)friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。(2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。dail
9、y,weekly,monthly,yearly,earlyThe Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.用形容词表示类别和整体某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry七、副词副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。兼有两种形式的副词(1)
10、close与closelyclose意思是“近”;closely 意思是“仔细地”He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.(2)late 与latelylate意思是“晚”;lately 意思是“最近”You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。(1)规则变化(2) 不规则变化有少数形容词、副词的
11、比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。如:good better bestwell better bestbad worse worstill worse worstold older/elder oldest/eldestmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar further/farther furthest/farthest八、动词动词根据其后是否可直接跟宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(可直接跟宾语)、不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必须加上某个介词)。系动词(1)状态系动词:用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teach
12、er.(2)持续系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,例如:He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。(3)表像系动词:用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look,例如:He looks tired.他看起来很累。(4)感官系动词:感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.(
13、5)变化系动词:这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如:He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。(6)终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意,例如:The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。九、连词连词是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and, but,
14、 or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, (and)then等等。比较so和 suchsuch 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组。so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much, little连用,形成固定搭配。so + adj. such + a(n) + n.so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. (pl.)
15、such +n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. 不可数 such +n. 不可数so foolish ;such a foolso nice a flower;such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers;such nice flowersso much/little money;such rapid progressso many people ;such a lot of people十、介词介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语
16、构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词的分类地点(位置、范围)介词above在前, about在附近, across在对面, after在后面, against倚着., along在近旁, among在中间, around在周围, round在.周围, at在处, before在.前, behind在.后, below低于., beside在.旁边, between在.之间, by在.旁, down在.下面, from来自., in在.里面, inside在.里面,等等。方向(目标趋向)介词across横越., against对抗., along沿着., around绕着.,
17、round环绕., at朝着., behind向后面, etweenand从到.,by路过/通过., down向下, for向., from从/离., in进入., into进入., inside到.里面, near接近., off脱离/除., on向.上, out of向.外, outside向.外, over跨过., past经过/超过., through穿过., to向/朝., towards朝着., on to到.上面, onto到.上面, up向.上, away from远离.时间介词about大约., after在以后, at在 (时刻), before在以前, by到为止, du
18、ring在期间, for有(之久), from从(时)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了(时), since自从(至今), through 贯穿(期间), till直到时, until直到时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在.开始时 ,at the end of在.末 , in the middle of在.当中 ,at the time of在.时方式介词as作为/当作., by用/由/乘坐/被., in用(语言), like与一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), o
19、ver通过(收音机), through通过., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有涉及介词about关于., except除了, besides除了还. for对于/就而言, in在(方面), of的,有关., on关于/有关., to对而言, towards针对., with就而言其它介词【目的介词】 for为了., from防止, to为了【原因介词】 for因为., with由于, because of因为.【比较介词】 as与一样,like象一样,than比.,to与相比, unlike与不同100条固定搭配1agree with 同意的意见(想法);符合I
20、cant agree with you about that就那件事,我无法同意你的看法。21isten to倾听When she arrived,1 was listening to English她来的时候,我正在听英语。3get to 到达I get to school at about 7:30 every day,and I get home at 5:00 in the afternoon我每天7:30到校,下午5:00到家。4fall off (从) 掉下Thegirl fell off the bike女孩从自行车上摔了下来。5knock aton 敲(门、窗)There wa
21、s a heavy knock at the door有人在猛烈地敲门。6laugh at 嘲笑Its not good to 1augh at a person who is in trouble讥笑一个陷于困境的人是不对的。71earnfrom 向学习Bob,you should learn from your brotherHe does well in his homework鲍勃,你应该向你哥哥学一学。他的作业完成得很好。81ive on 继续存在;靠生活People in my hometown live on rice我家乡的人们靠大米为生。91ook after 照顾,照看I
22、must look after my old grandma when my parents are not at home父母不在家时,我必须照顾我的老奶奶10helpwith 帮助做My friend helps me with my English study我的朋友帮助我学习英语。11at the end of 在的结束时,在末尾Weare given an examination at the end of each month我们每个月底都有一场考试。12be keen on 喜欢,热爱,醉心于Iam keen on studying English我热心于学习英语。13next
23、to 旁边的Whos the boy sitting next to you?坐在你边上的那个男孩是谁?14in the middle of 在中间Dont put the sand in the middle of the path!别把沙子倒在路中央。15work as 担任,从事I will study science well and work as a scientist我要学好科学,将来做个科学家。16be responsible for 为负责He was responsible for making plans for the meeting他负责做会议计划。17pay for
24、 为付钱,赔偿We have to pay 345 yuan for the cost of the trip我们必须为这次旅行交345元。18for free 免费地,无偿地The website provides English vocabulary to everyone for free这个网站免费向每一个人提供英语词汇。19try ones best 竭尽所能;尽力,尽自己最大努力Students ought to try their best to learn all subjects well学生应该尽力学好每一门功课。20believe in 信仰,信任We do not be
25、lieve in God我们不相信上帝。21.keep fit 保持健康We must do sports to keep fit我们必须参加体育锻炼,保持身体健康。22get on well 和睦相处We all get on well with eachother here in the schoo1我们大家在学校里都和睦相处。23the sameas 和同样的I feel the same as you我与你有同样的感受。24no longer 不再,己不,不复,再也不He has been a famous musician for a long time, but he plays
26、nolonger他成为有名的音乐家已很久了,但他现在不演奏了。25instead of 代替,而不They must go out and play balls instead of staying at home.他们必须走出去打打球,而不是呆在家里。26. get away 走开,离开逃走I hope to get away early in the morning我希望一早就动身离开。27breakdown 打破,损坏The robbers broke the door down强盗们把门砸开了。28. in addition to 除之外(还)She can speak French
27、and Japanese in addition to English除英语外,她还会讲法语和日语。29be angry with 生(某人)的气My teacher was angry with me because 1 was late for schoo1我的老师对我很生气,因为我上学迟到了。30happen to 碰巧I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。31be unaware of 没有警觉到He seemed to be unaware ofthe trouble
28、he was causing他似乎还没有警觉到自己惹起的麻烦。32depend on 依靠My success depends on myfriendshelp我的成功是依靠我的朋友们的帮助。33for the time being 暂且,眼下Shestaying with her aunt for the timebeing她暂时住在她姨妈那里。34be pleased with 对感到满意We are sure you will be pleased with ourproducts我们确信您会对我们的产品感到满意的。35Take chargeof 负责照料,承办,掌管My mother
29、tries to take charge of everything in our shop母亲试图管理商店里的所有事务。36break into 闯入,强行进入,破门而入We had to break into thehouse as we had lost the key因为我们弄丢了钥匙,所以不得不破门而入。37make mistakes 犯错误A computer sometimes willmake mistakes电脑有时候也会犯错误。38rush down 冲下来,冲过去When it rains heavily,water can rush down the sides of
30、mountains如果雨下得很大,雨水就能顺着山冲下来。39make jokesabout 开玩笑,取笑某人They make jokes about my oldhat他们就我的旧帽子取笑我。40along with 和一起,随着,除以外(还)The boy came along with his parents and visited the museum那个男孩与父母一道参观了博物馆。41succeed in 在某方面取得成功At last he succeeded inclimbing up the difficult mountain他终于成功地登上了这座难以攀登的山峰。42be made of 由制成(看得见原材料)The desk is made of wood这张桌子是由木头制成的。43be made f
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