版高考英语一轮复习第二部分重点语法突破专题一有提示词填空第一讲词性转换讲义新人教版.docx

1、版高考英语一轮复习第二部分重点语法突破专题一有提示词填空第一讲词性转换讲义新人教版专题一 有提示词填空 第一讲 词性转换高考命题综述：基于语篇的语法填空题，经过2015年的微调，在2017年继续得以运用。即在一篇200词左右的语篇中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出应填入单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式。新题型从语篇层次考查语法，更加注重考查考生的精细阅读能力和准确运用语法的能力。考情分析定位考点明确训练方向通过以上表格可以将语法填空的考情归纳为以下几点：1语法考查面广语法填空考查考生对词法、句法及语法知识的掌握情况，涉及了考试说明中大部分的语法知识

2、，如：词性转换、名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、连词及特殊句式等语法项目。2重点内容突出从命题的趋势上来说，尽管考点覆盖面广，但并非苛求于这一点，而是对一些重要的语法项目进行重点考查，如：动词和名词以及形容词、副词等实义词依然是考查中的重中之重。并且定语从句也是热点考项。3命题形式多样语法填空题分为有提示词和无提示词两种。即：根据所提供的单词填写其正确的形式为给出提示词的考查；要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容为无提示词考查。解题流程根据以上考情分析可以明显看出，语法填空并非单纯考查语法，这就要求考生不但要掌握基础语法知识而且要能在特定的语境下正确运用语法知识，其解题流程如下：

3、得分关键强化策略提升得分能力(1)扎实的基础语法知识(2)良好的解题习惯从整句及空格的位置功能判断考点；相关考点的解题思路要形成知识体系；代入答案，从整体判断答案的合理性。为提高学生的解题能力和正确率，下面对基础语法知识及其在语法填空题中的运用技巧进行系统地讲解。第一讲词性转换Part 真题变式体验12017北京高考The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great _ (invent)答案：inventions前面great是形容词，作定语修饰后面的名词。且invention为可数

4、名词，空前无冠词，故应用复数形式表泛指。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就会激励我们做出大发明。22017江苏高考The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a _ (lead) novelist. 答案：leading修饰后面的名词，作定语，使用形容词形式，leading “最重要的；一流的”。句意：远大前程受到了广泛的评论和高度赞扬，它的出版，巩固了狄更斯作为最杰出小说家的地位。32017

5、天津高考The hospital has recently obtained new _ (medicine) equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.答案：medical修饰后面的名词equipment，使用形容词作定语，故答案为medical。句意：最近这家医院已经获得了新的医疗设备，让更多的病人能得到治疗。 42017北京高考The national park has a large _ (collect) of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.答案：collectio

6、n前面的冠词a和形容词修饰后面的名词，故答案为collection。句意：国家公园有一大批野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。52017江苏高考The disappearance of dinosaurs is not _ (necessary) caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard to find.答案：necessarily设空处作状语修饰后面的动词，故答案为necessarily。句意：恐龙的消失不一定是由天文学事件导致的。但是其他的解释也很难找到。 62015浙江高考One of the

7、most effective ways to reduce _ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.答案：stress此处位于动词reduce后作宾语，故用名词形式。句意：减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。72016江苏高考Can you tell us your recipe for _ (happy) and a long life?Living every day to the full, definitely.答案：happiness介词后面需用名词作宾语，故此处填happiness。

8、句意：你能告诉我们你保持幸福长寿的秘诀吗？确切来说，就是每天活到最充实。82015湖北高考It was _(consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.答案：considerate根据空格的位置在系动词之后可以判断，应填consider的形容词considerate “体贴的，考虑周到的”。句意：Michael很体贴，他通知了我们他耽搁了以免我们感到担心。92015湖北高考The girl used to be shy, but is_ (gradual) getting active in gro

9、up work and is more willing to express herself.答案：gradually此处修饰的是动词，且位于系动词之后，实义动词前，故填副词，意为“逐渐地”。句意：这个女孩过去很害羞。但是渐渐地在团队工作中变得积极并且更愿意表达她自己了。 102015江苏高考Some schools will have to make _(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. 答案：adjustments句意：为了与国家足球改革一致，一些学校必须做出相应调整。结合句意可知，应填名词adjustments作m

10、ake的宾语，意为“做一些调整”。Part 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2017全国卷In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work. It took th

11、ree years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _63_ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over _64_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines _65_ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been _66

12、_ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _67_ every day.Later, engineers _68_ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became

13、 known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most _70_ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely

14、popular with the public.61_62._63._64._65_66._67._68._69_70._Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是1863年世界上第一条地铁在伦敦建成，使用的是蒸汽机牵引列车，后来随着电力机车和电梯的采用，地铁越来越受人们欢迎了。Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。61crowds考查名词的复数。根据前面的terrible可知，此处应填名词，且crowd为可数名词，其前没有限定词，故要用复数形式。 62from考查介词。固定短语travel to and from work “上下班”。63laying考查非谓语动词。根据句

15、子结构可知，谓语动词included后有三个并列宾语，故此处要用动词的ing形式作宾语。64the考查冠词。此处特指在地铁的顶部，故要用定冠词the。65were_used考查动词的时态和语态。此处描述的是伦敦的第一条地铁的情况，故用一般过去时，且主语steam engines与谓语动词use之间为被动关系，故要用were used。66fairly考查词性转换。修饰形容词unpleasant要用副词形式，作状语。fairly “相当地”。67it考查代词。在六个月内超过25,000人每天都在使用它。此处指代的是前面的the railway，故要用it。68managed考查动词的时态。根据时

16、间状语later和后面的became known可知，此处要用一般过去时。69introduction考查词性转换。根据前面的with the和后面的介词of可知，此处要用名词形式。introduction “引进，采用”。70successful考查词性转换。“one of the形容词最高级of these可数名词复数”表示“这些中最的之一”。根据前面的one of the most可知，此处要用形容词形式。 Step 3：代入验证。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)动词转换为名词；(2)名词与形容词的转换；(3)形容词转换为副词；(4)形容词与动词的转

17、换；(5)否定前缀与后缀。学情分析(1)考生不能熟练掌握和运用基本的词性转换规则；(2)不清楚各词性在句子中的基本功能，缺乏语言功能意识。考点1动词转换为名词动词变名词常用的后缀典题12018河南八市质检You may want to consider renting a private _ (accommodate) with enough room for all the party guests.答案accommodation空格位于形容词之后，且形容词前有不定冠词a，由此可知此处应填名词，故填accommodation。考点2名词与形容词的转换1名词变形容词时常用的后缀典题22018河

18、南洛阳统考Nevertheless actually going to the library and searching in the Media Section was more _ (effect)答案effective根据系动词后应用形容词作表语，以及语义可以确定此处填effect的形容词形式effective，意为“有效的”。2形容词变名词时常加的后缀典题32017广东揭阳一模Moved by her _ (determined) and perservance, the bird threw her a blade of grass.答案determination根据空格前为形容词

19、性物主代词以及and连接并列成分可知，此处填名词，故答案是determination。考点3形容词转换为副词形容词加ly变副词的规律典题42018唐山高三模拟So ants integrate a lot of information to _ (successful) bring home the food.答案successfully结合空格的位置可知，修饰后面的动词bring，应该使用副词形式successfully。考点4形容词与动词的转换1形容词变动词时常用的前后缀2动词变形容词时常用的后缀 典题52017江西两校联考Mary felt _ (please), because the

20、re were many empty seats in the room.答案pleased系动词felt后应填形容词，而此处表示玛丽感到高兴，故填pleased。考点5否定前缀与后缀1常用的否定前缀典题62017辽宁葫芦岛一模Even worse, some would rather break the law to satisfy their financial desire or seek their fortune _ (legal)答案illegally根据空格所在的位置可知，此处填副词；另外结合语义可知，此处表示“非法敛财”，应填legally的反义词，故答案为illegally。

21、2常用的否定后缀 典题72017北京高考Jane moved _ (aim) down the treelined street, not knowing where she was heading.答案 aimlessly根据句子结构可知此处需填副词修饰动词moved；另由not knowing where she was heading可知，Jane漫无目的地在大街上行走着，故填aimlessly。NO.1解题步骤在语法填空中，对词性转换的考查是有提示词类的考点之一，其解题步骤如下：1根据空格在句子中的位置及其在句子中的功能来判断该空格所需的词性。2按照构词法的转换规则及句意来确定词的正确

22、形式。NO.2解题技巧1空格修饰动词、形容词或副词时，应填提示词的副词形式典题12018衡水调研Entrance to the museum is free on Sundays, but it would _ (normal) cost $3.25 to go in and see the film.答案normally根据空格位置可知，此处修饰动词cost，故填提示词的副词形式normally。2空格修饰名词或代词以及作表语时，应填提示词的形容词形式典题22017辽宁沈阳二模Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television doc

23、umentary (纪录片) to prove that not all gifted children are the result of extremely _(ambition) parents.答案ambitious根据空格位置，后面是名词parents，应该使用形容词作后面名词的定语，故填ambitious。3空格前有冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，以及空格在介词后面时，通常填提示词的名词形式典题32018山西四校联考Deep worry began to destroy my _ (confident)答案confidence根据空格位置及my一词可以判断此处填写名词，

24、confident变名词的规则为把t变ce。故答案是confidence。1.词性转换的基本规则要在平时阅读和训练时不断积累并反复强化，才能运用熟练而准确。2词性转换后，要注意所填词的形式是否正确，如：名词需不需要用复数形式，以及副词的拼写是否正确等。建议用时：20分钟Part .单句语法填空12018甘肃西北师大附中诊断With each shovel of dirt which hit his back, the donkey was doing something _ (amaze)答案：amazing形容词修饰something等不定代词应位于其后，此处表示“令人惊讶的事”，故填ama

25、zing。22017吉林实验模拟Thinking that his answer might be wrong, I _ (careful) analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.答案：carefully根据空格位置可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，故填carefully。32017银川一中月考Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.答案：choice形容词性物主代词后通

26、常接名词，choose的名词形式是choice。另由此处that引导的宾语从句中缺主语也可判断此处填名词。42018河北衡水调研_ (obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destination.答案：Obviously此空处于句首，通常为副词作状语修饰整个句子，故填Obviously。52017安徽蚌埠期末_(luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of Engl

27、ish.答案：Luckily根据空格位置，提示词在句首，并且是形容词，因此使用副词，修饰整个句子，故答案为Luckily。62017广东珠海二模Since the TV adaption has been a slow release, many viewers have bought a copy of the_(origin) book to get ahead.答案：original此处需用形容词修饰名词book，指原版书，故填original。72018石家庄二中月考A television series is fast gaining its wordofmouth_(popular

28、) among not only Chinese households but also some foreigners. 答案：popularity根据空格位置，前面有形容词性物主代词its和wordofmouth，后面应该为名词。popular为形容词，它的名词变化为后面加ity，故填popularity。82017甘肃天水一中模拟It is said that oolong tea may promote healthy skin and black tea can_(great) reduce the risk of breast cancer in younger women.答案：

29、greatly根据提示词的位置，修饰后面的动词reduce可知，使用副词作状语，故填greatly。92017河南洛阳二模What makes qigong special is that it can be done lying, sitting, or standing; thus it is_(access) to disabled persons, seniors, and people recovering from injuries. 答案：accessible根据提示词位于系动词is的后面，说明此处使用形容词作表语。access的形容词形式在其后加ible, 故填accessible。 102017湖南长沙二模With_(curious), I opened the black one; I wanted to find out why. 答案：curiosity根据提示词前面的介词with可知，后面使用名词形式。curious的名词形式为curiosity。Part .单句改错12018河南开封模拟It is certain a sign that the reserves conservation is better now than before._答案：certaincertainly此处为副词修饰系动词。22018山东潍坊模拟With a strong a