writing英语四级复习资料.docx

1、writing英语四级复习资料大学英语四级作文高分技巧大学四级考试写作的评分依据是：文章切切题，条理清楚，语言准确和字数符合要求。所谓切题就是看你写的作文跑不跑题。所谓条理是每一段的议论的正反清楚，描述的时间正确。语言准确要求作文的语法词汇使用正确，符合英语表达习惯。四级作文的字数要求不少于100字。针对四级考试的作文要求我们提出十二句作文法，这里所说的十二句作文法不仅包括一般英文写作的方法而且包括一套行之有效的写作方法。它的具体内容有以下几点。一 审题我们拿到作文后第一件要做的事就是审题。审题的作用在于使你写作不跑题（如果跑题，条理和语言再好，也得不到及格分，甚至0分。）那末审题要审什么呢？

2、1体裁（议论文，说明文，描述文）审题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。因为什末样的体裁就会用什末样的题材去写。那末体裁包括那些呢？它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的杂合体。例如：Directions: For this part ,your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student .You should write at least 100 words and you should base your

3、composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below :做合格大学生的必要性做合格大学生的必备条件（可以从德智体方面谈）我计划这样做很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。这是片面的，因为，第一段要求写“.必要性”，这说明本段体裁是议论文；第二段要求写“.必备条件”，这说明本段要求写说明文；儿地三段要求写“.这样做”，这说明本段要求写描述文。所以在大多数情形下，四级作文是三种体裁的杂合体。2根据不同体裁确定写作方法我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，我们可以看出四级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体，第二段为说明体，地三段

4、为描述体。而各种文体又不同的写作方式：议论文；要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两方面来论述。例如上面第一段的思路是：做合格大学生，会怎末样（这是从正面论述）；不能做合格的大学生，会怎么样（从反面论述）；所以我们要做合格的大学生（结伦）。说明文：可以从几方面或几条来说明一个问题，就上作文而言，可以从方面（德智体）来说明合格大学生的必要性。描述文：一“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。与上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词，他要与第二段相互应进行描述。二 确定主题句通过审题，我们知道该如何确定正确的写作思路。下边我们就谈如何些。第一部就是要写主题句。主题句是确保不跑题的前提，只有不跑题才有可得及格分。写

5、主题句嘴保险的方法就是把中文提纲的各句译成英语。例如上述三段主题句分别为：It is very necessary to be a good university student . （议论体的主题句）There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student .（说明体的主题句）What I will do in the future is the following .(描述体主题句)如果要求句是英语就可以把它变成主题句，例如这样一篇作文：Good HealthImportance of good he

6、althWays to keep fitMy own practice这样的作文的要求句就可以扩充成主题句。扩充后三段的主题句分别为：It is very important to have good health .（将名词 importance变成形容词important）There are four ways to keep fit for me .（用 there be 句型）My own practices are the following .（采用原词）三 确保文章条理清楚保证不跑提示写作当中第一任务，第二个重要任务就是要做到条理清楚。对于议论文来说，正反面要清楚，对于说明文来说

7、条理要清楚，对于描述文来说，谁干什么要清楚。就拿上例Good health 来说，第一段保持正反面要清楚救应这样写：正面（With good health ,we can.），反面（Without good health ,we can do nothing .We cant do.）为了使文章更具有条理性，我们可以用first(ly) second(ly) third(ly)等副词，他们可以是文章的条例性更加突出。作文是主观题，想得告分就必须引起老师的主意，老师的时间很短（每篇作文只有一两分钟就要阅完），所以我们在列调试最好不用: To be with,. after that ,.And

8、then, . The next , . The following , . As last . 。因为用这样的词语不利于老师看出你作文的条理性。四 保证作文符合字数要求的十二句作文法考生一般都希望作文达到字数而又不至于写得太多，因为写得太多一方面暴露自己语言上的弱点，另一方面又会占用过多的时间。写得太多还易跑题，一个有效的方法就是十二句作文法。我们知道，四级作文都是三段式。我们算一下，如果我们在每一段中写上4-5句，即主题句加两三句扩展句和一个结论句就可以了。这样全篇在12-15句左右，每一句十多个词，就又150个左右字。大家可以试图找一些作文题练一练。专题 看图表作文 15%看图表作文通常

9、给出标题、图表以及段落梗概，有时也可能不给而给出一个篇首句或提供一些关键词或短语。它通常不是要求作者将图表中的数据简单地罗列出来，而是要求作者对图表中的信息进行分析、说明，并在此基础上得出自己的结论或提出自己的看法。看图表作文重点说明事实，不可以进行想像和发挥，它往往要求作者通过图表中数据与数据的比较，阐明某种事实，说明某种道理，反映某种变法。图表大致可以分为表格(table)，标绘图(graph)。其中标绘图又包括线型图(line graph)，柱型图(bar graph)和圆型图(pie graph)3种。图表作文中常见的句型和词汇As can be seen from the table

10、As show in the graph,As is demonstratedAs is revealed in the table.As the survey results showAs indicated by the resultsThis table provides several important points of comparison betweenThe two graphs depict the same thing in According to the figures given in the table,The figures show thatThis char

11、t shows that用于描写图表和数据的常用句型It has increased by 3 times as compared with that of 2009,There is an increase of 20% in total this year, It would be expected to increase 5 times,The total number was lowered by 10%Compared with 2009, it fell from 15%-10%.The number is 5 times as much as that of 2008.Accor

12、ding to the survey, 20 are for it, while 30 against it Sample Should high school students study abroad In this global village, more and more Chinese are studying abroad, and the age of overseas students is falling. As to whether high school students should join the trend, people have different views

13、. According to a study in X city, 65%of the people go in for it, while 35% are opposed to it. The proponents believe studying abroad is a good thing, if conditions allowed. First, going abroad offers a foreign language environment. Also students may experience another education system and life style

14、. Moreover, high school students can foster a sense of independence, in order to better prepare for future .However, some people still hold reservation. One of the concerns is the high tuition fee and living costs. Another is that some students may abuse freedom due to lack of discipline. Personally

15、, I am supportive of such a choice for young people like high school students. They can not only learn advanced technologies, but also gain an insight into other cultures. As for the big costs, students may apply for scholarships or do some part-time jobs. What is more, studying abroad and parental

16、supervision are not mutually exclusive. Thanks to modern communication facilities, parents may offer constant encouragement and guidance from a distance.如何写好英语句子的种方法 一、代入法 这是进行英语写作时最常用的方法。同学们在掌握一定的词汇和短语之后，结合一定的语法知识，按照句子的结构特点，直接用英语代人相应的句式即可。如： 他从不承认自己的失败。 He never admits his failure. 那项比赛吸引了大批观众。 The

17、 match attracted a large crowd. 他把蛋糕分成4块。 He divided the cake into four pieces. 二、还原法 即把疑问句、强调句、倒装句等还原成基本结构。这是避免写错句子的一种有效的办法。如： 这是开往格拉斯哥的火车吗? Is this the train for Glasgow? 还原为陈述句：This is the train for Glasgow. 他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。 It was because he loved my money that he married me. 还原为非强调句：Because he l

18、oved my money, he married me. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.还原为正常语序：Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed. 三、分解法 就是把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了，又能减少写错句子的几率。如： 我们要干就要干好。 If we do a thing, we should do it well. 从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人

19、。 There are students here from all over the country. Many of them are from the North. 四、合并法 就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的英语表达能力，同时也最能提高文章的可读性。如： 我们迷路了，这使我们的野营旅行变成了一次冒险。 Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we got lost. 天气转晴了，这是我们没有想到的。 The weather turned out to be very good,

20、 which was more than we could expect. 狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。 Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon their cooperation. 五、删减法 就是在写英语句子时，把相应汉语句子里的某些词、短语或重复的成分删掉或省略。如：这部打字机真是价廉物美。 This typewriter is very cheap and fine indeed. 注：汉语表达中的“价”和“物”在英语中均无需译出。 个子不高不是人生中的严重缺陷。 Not being tal

21、l is not a serious disadvantage in life， 注：汉语说“个子不高”，其实就是“不高”。也就是说，其中的“个子”在英语中无需译出。 六、移位法 由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上存在差异，根据表达的需要，某些成分需要前置或后移。如： 他发现赚点外快很容易。 He found it easy to earn extra money. 注：it在此为形式宾语，真正的宾语是句末的不定式to earn extra money诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。 The man who told me this refused to tell me his name. 注：who

22、 told me this为修饰the man的定语从句，应置于其后。 直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。 It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.注：notuntil为英语中的固定句式，其意为“直到才”。 七、分析法 指根据要表示的汉语意思，通过进行语法分析和句式判断，然后写出准确地道的英语句子。如： 从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.注：分词短语作状语时

23、，其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，由于the matter与sec之间为被动关系，故see要用过去分词seen。 我没有见过他，所以说不出他的模样。 Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like. 注：如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，且与逻辑主语是主动关系，则用现在分词的完成式。 八、意译法 有的同学在写句子时，一遇见生词或不熟悉的表达，就以为是“山穷水尽”了。其实，此时我们可以设法绕开难点，在保持原意的基础上，用不同的表达方式写出来。如：汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。 Tom was upsetting the othe

24、r children, so I showed him the door. 有志者事竟成。 Where there is a will, there is away. 你可以同我们一起去或是呆在家中，悉听尊便。 You can go with us or stay athome, whichever you choose. 当然，同学们在写句子时千万不要拿句子去套方法，也不要拿方法去套句子。处处留心皆学问。只要加强知识的积累，一定还会有更多更好的方法。 三十五个经典句型帮你攻克英语写作一、 the + est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen (kno

25、wn/heard/had/read, etc) the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc)例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。二、Nothing is + er than to + VNothing is + more + 形容词 +

26、 than to + V例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。三、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much.（再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes toomuch. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。四、There is no denying that + S + V .（不可否认的.）例句：There is no denying

27、that the qualities of our living have gonefrom bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.）例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable tous.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。六、There is no doubt that + 句子 （毫无疑问的.）例句：There is no doubt that our educational sy

28、stem leaves somethingto be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。七、An advantage of is that + 句子 （.的优点是.）例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create(produce) any pollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。八、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 （.的原因是.）例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can p

29、rovideus with fresh air.The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply freshair for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此.以致于.）例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V （虽然.）例句：Rich as our countr

30、y is, the qualities of our living are by nomeans satisfactory.by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。十一、The + er + S + V, the + er + S + V The + more + Adj + S + V, the + more + Adj + S + V（愈.愈.）例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。The more books we read, the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。十二、By +Ving, can （借着.，.能够.）例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。十三、 enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （.使.能够.）例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。十四、On no account can we + V （我们绝对不能.） 例