初中英语语法知识精讲精1介词.docx

1、初中英语语法知识精讲精1介词初中英语语法知识精讲精练：介词 (一) 知识概要 介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规.(一) 知识概要 介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考，千万不要作为定律去背诵，照搬。 介词 表示时间 表示地点方位 表示原因方式 其 他about 大约在时间 about five oclock 在周围，大

2、约多远 about five kilometres 关于、涉及 talk about youabove 高出某一平面 above sea levelacross 横过 walk across the street对面 across the streetafter 在之后 after supper跟后面 one after another追赶run after youagainst 背靠逆风 against the wall, against the wind反对 be against youamong 三者以上的中间 among the treesat 在某时刻 at ten在小地点 at t

3、he school gate表示速度 at high speed向着，对着 at mebefore 在之前 before lunch位于之前 sit before mebehind 位于之后 behind the treebelow 低于水平 below zero不合格 below the standardby 到时刻，在时刻之前by five oclock紧挨着 site by site乘坐交通工具 by air, by bick 被由 was made by usduring 在期间during the holidaysfor 延续多长时间 for five years向去 leave f

4、or Shanghai 为了，对于be good for youfrom 从某时到某时 from morning till night 来自何方from New York由某原料制成be made from来自何处where are you fromin 在年、月、周较长时间内 in a week 在里面in the room用某种语言 in English 穿着in red, into进入里面,walk into除分divide into,变动 turn into water ,near 接近某时 near five years 在附近 near the parkof 用某种原料制成 be

5、made of属于性质 a map of U. S .Aon 某日、某日的上下午on Sunday afternoon 在上面on the desk 靠吃为生live on rice 关于 a book on Physicsover 渡过一整段时间 work over night 在上方over the desk超过， 高于 over five pairspast 超过某一时刻 ten past five经过某地 walk past the parksince 从某时以来 since 1980原因 Since you were illthrough 经过某一时期 through his lif

6、e 通过、穿过某地 through the foresttill until 直到某时为止 till five oclockto 差多少时间 five to ten问，到，去往 to Shanghai面对面 face to face给予give a book to meunder 在下面 under the desk少于 under ten在管制之 下 under the rulewith 用某种工具 with a pen 带着，具有with mewithout 没有 without air(二) 例题解析 1 - Thank you the beautiful flowers! - Not

7、at all. A in B on C at D for 答案 D. 析 由于某事向某人道谢应用for。 2 Can you answer this question English?A by B in C with D from答案 B. 析 in 表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.3 Look the map China the wall, please. A after, of, in B at, of, inC after, in, on D at, of, on 答案 D. 析 look at 为看，而on

8、the wall为在墙表面挂着，而in the wall 则是在墙内，如：There is hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。 4 - When did Mr Green arrive in London? - He arrived there the evening of December 6th.A at B in C on D to答案 C. 析 in the evening / afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如：on a cold morning, on a spring morning等。 5 We won the rela

9、y race. And there was a big smile our teachers face. A off B near C on D between答案 C. 6 The twins got on well their classmates.A to B in C with D about答案 C. 析 get on well with与人相处很好。 7 - Please remember to come to my birthday party. - I see. Ill come Saturday evening. A in B at C on D for答案 C. 8 Let

10、s hurry， or well be late schoolA to B at C with D for答案 D. 析 be late for， 而 come late to， 如： Dont come late to school 9 They will have a maths test two daysA for B at C in D after答案 C. 析 三天之内应用in，而不要受中文影响用after， after three days 是个不定的时间范围，即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是after three days。 10 My brother joined

11、the army A 1989， March B in March， 1989C March， 1989 D 1989， in March 答案 B. 析 在月份、年、前用介词in，而日子前用on。 11 He couldnt work out the maths problem your help A without B under C for D with答案 A. 析 在某人帮助下应用with， 如：With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily 而要是没有你的帮助则用 without your help 12 Granny t

12、ook one look at us her glassesA by B through C on D in答案 B. 析 through 为穿过。 13 We had our breakfast a quarter seven A /， to B in， to C at， to D on， to答案 C. 析 具体时间点前用at，而差几分几点用to，这里应译为：我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。14 I learn French the radio every dayA on B in C from D at答案 A. 析 从收音机中听到某事应用词组 on the radio。15 Its good

13、manners to wait line A in B on C at D with答案 A. 析 in line 为排队。 16 How many English words had you learnt last term? A by the end of B at the end ofC to the end of D till the end of 答案 A. 析 by the end of 为动作的截止时间，与完成时态相配合 17 The manager was very satisfied his workA in B on C about D with答案 D. 析 be sat

14、isfied with 为固定搭配。 18 John hit Jack face A on the B in the C on his D in his答案 B. 析 英文中的某些动词其后要接人，然后加介词the身体部位，如：He caught the boy by the arm。 19 I was born the night September 15， 1978 Ain， on B at， on C at， in D on， of 答案 D. 析 在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。20 Its a bad manner to laugh people when they are t

15、rouble A over， in B at， in C in， at D at， for答案 B. 析 laugh at 嘲笑某人， laugh over 笑着谈论某人或某事， in trouble 陷入困境。21 I cant do this work well Toms helpA under B for C without D from答案 C. 22 Dont shout the old woman。 You should be more polite her A to， at B at， to C in， for D from， for答案 B. 析 shout at 为冲某人喊叫

16、，而 be polite to somebody 为对某人和气。 23 We must be strict our selves everything A with， in B in， with C with， to Dto， of答案 A. 析 be strict with 对某人严格要求。 24 He went to the football match lunch last Sunday A to B without C behind D between答案 B. 析 without lunch 未吃午饭。 25 The peoples Republic of China was fou

17、nded 1949 A with B on C since D in答案 D. 析 在年代前用in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时，所以不能用since。 26 Mr Black got to Hangzhou a few daysA in B after C on D at答案 B. 析 这句话应译为：几天之后 Mr Black 到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事，所以选B。 27 - Has the teacher given you any advice your English study? - Yes， he has A from B with C on D in答案 C. 析

18、给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on。 28 You may depend him He is honest man A on， a B in， an C on， an D at， the答案 C. 析 depend on 为依靠某人或某事，而 honest 的首字母 h 不发音。 29 my joy， I can answer this question A With B To C By D For答案 B. 析 To ones joy 意为使我高兴的是。 30 The teacher asked the students to look the word in the dictionary

19、A for B at C up D after答案 C. 析 look for 寻找， look at 看， look after 照顾， look up 查字典。 31 A little monkey is playing a tree and there are a lot of bananas itA on， on B in， on C on， in D in， in答案 B. 析 树上长出的果实为 on the tree 而其他外来之物要用 in the tree， 表达在树上。 32 I go to school bus every morning.A. in B. by C. on

20、 D. at答案 B.析 by后直接加交通工具，表示乘某种交通工具去某地。33 No one likes a person bad manners.A. without B. on C. out of D. with答案 D.析 with bad manners 有不良习惯的人。34 The policeman was surprised the news.A. into B. for C. at D. out of答案 C.析 be surprised at 对某事吃惊。35 He had to sell newspapers seven.A. at an age of B. at the

21、ages of C. at the age of D. at age of答案 C.析 at the age of 在几岁时。36 The little girl couldnt help when she saw a large dog.A. cried B. to cry C. crying D. cries答案 C.析 couldnt help动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事，或禁不住做某事。37 Jack was born March 1st, 1978.A. on B. in C. at D. of答案 A.析 日期，时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。38 Edison was v

22、ery interested science when he was a boy.A. to B. on C. in D. about答案 C.析 be interested in something 对某事感兴趣。39 The teacher was very satisfied her answer.A. in B. on C. for D. with答案 D.40 The story happened Beijing. A. in B. with C. for D. on答案 A.(三) 正误辨析 误 We got to the top of the mountain in daybre

23、ak.正 We got to the top of the mountain at day break.析 at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night。误 Dont sleep at daytime 正 Dont sleep in daytime. 析 in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。 误 We visited the o

24、ld man in Sunday afternoon.正 We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.析 in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on, 如：on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th 误 He became a writter at his twenties 正 He became a writter in his twenties 析 这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词

25、in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。 误 He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old. 正 He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.析 在具体年岁前用at, 如：at the age of 12， at your age， 等等。 误 We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.正 We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.析 具体某一天要用介词on, 又如：on New Y

26、ears Day误 Im looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.正 Im looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.析 在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间 误 I havent see you during the summer holidays.正 I havent seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays. 析 during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：

27、I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：I havent see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为整整，全部的时间。如：It rained through the night. 而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。 误 At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.正 On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.析 On 加动

28、名词表示一就。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：on hearing 一听见， on arrival 一到达就(on表示动作的名词) 误 In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories. 正 At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories. 析 at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the endat last是指最终，终于之意。 误 Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work. 正 By the end of next week. I will have finished this work. 析 by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为不迟于某一时刻将工作做完，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：Ill be there by five oclock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续