1、自然拼读法自然拼读法(又叫做Phonics)能使学生在轻松愉快的氛围中,了解和学习英语字母组合的奥妙,掌握英语拼读规律。学生一旦掌握了这种方法,教师在课堂上出示的绝大多数单词,他们不借助音标,都能够读出来,在听写单词时,按照拼读规律能够写出该单词。最终达到见到生词就会读,会读的生词就会写,会写的生词就会说的学习目的。一旦掌握了这种方法,在英语学习方面将会达到事半功倍的效果,在今后的学习中将终身受益。 1. 自然拼读法的第一步是掌握二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音, 其中一个音是其字母本身的读音. 另外, y有时会被作为
2、元音处理 ( 如: one syllable, y at the end (as “i”): my, why, fly, sky; two syllables, y at the end (as “e”); daddy, mommy, baby). 2. 第二步是进行单元音字母的拼读练习 (One Vowel Word, Short Vowel), 如: Sam, cat, mat, 等等 3. 第三步, 是固定读音的单词 (Sight Word): the, a, is, to, have 等. 4. 第四步, 是一个单词里有两个元音时, 前边一个元音发字母音, 后边一个元音不发音 (Two
3、 Vowel Words) 如: make, made, see, sea, five, nine, road, toe等等 5. 第五步, 是双/三辅音在一起时怎么联读 (Consonant Blends), 如: bl(ack), str(eet)等 有一些辅音不发音 如: ghost, comb, lamb等 要掌握一下和h联在一起的发音: ch, sh, th, wh 6. 第六步, 是特殊读法 单音节词, 以元音结尾, 这个元音发字母音 如: me, hi, go 等等 Irregular Vowels: ar (car), ay (hay, may, say), igh (high
4、, night, might), ew (new), er (sister, brother), ur (burn, hurt), ir (girl, fir, firm), or (horn), eigh (eight), oi (oil, boil), oy (boy), ow (读音一: cow, now, how, bow; 读音二: bow, snow), ou (could), old (old, cold), ough (cough, through, ought, slough) 等有其特别的发音 = c 和 k 在一起时, 发一个音(Copy cat): quick, bla
5、ck等. q 总是和u在一起:quite, quick, quit, quilt等 P和 h在一起, 发f的音: phone, photo. 什么是自然拼读法 (重新整理过, 更完善)美国小孩都学自然拼读法, 中国也在往那个方向走。了解了自然拼读法的发音规则后, 看到一个新单词就能对它的读音猜个八九不离十, 而且有利于记住拼写.自然拼读法基本规则:1.二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每个发两种音:长音(其字母音)和短音 y不在单词开头时,一般被看做元音 2.单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant
6、Combinations)如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音, 且元音不在末尾,这个元音一般发短音.如:Sam, cat, mat, 等等 Beginning Consonants Ending Consonants One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):一个单词或音节里有两个元音时,一般来说,前边一个元音发长音(其字母音),后边一个元音不发音如:make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat
7、, toe, cute等等4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends) Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str) Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st) Words ending in ll, ss, ff Consonant digraphs (ch, t
8、h, sh, wh) 5. 特殊读法(1) 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels) igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。Examples: ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk
9、)al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play) ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight), ed: says /ed/:patted, landed, liftedsays /t/: walked, hopped, stoppedsays /d/: cried, played, chewed er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt) ie (field), ing(k
10、ing, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), ire oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt, oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn), ow (读音一:cow, now, how, bow;读音二:bow, low, blow, snow), ou (shout, out, loud) o
11、uld (could, would), ough (五种不同的读音:cough, through, ought, slough, plough), ought, , ous (famous, nervous), ue (cruel), ui (fluid) tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression), ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le6. 特殊读法(2) 如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾,这个元音一般发长音(其字母音) (Vowel at the end)如:me, h
12、i, go, baby, table, humor,hibernate 等等。 Y在末尾 (作为元音处理)(y at the end): 单音节词, 没有其他元音,y发”I”(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as “I”): my, why, fly, sky 多音节词, y发”E” 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”): daddy, mommy, baby,honey, crazy7. 特殊读法(3) - 固定读音的单词 (Sight Word): is,
13、 are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field 等.它们不遵守前边的发音规则,需要死记硬背。8. 特殊读法(4) 辅音的特殊读法 有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants) Silent b: comb, lamb Silent h: ghost Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know Silent w: write, wrist, wreck c 和 k 在一起时,发一个音: quick, black等. q 总是和u在一起:quite, quick, quit, qu
14、ilt等. 之所以指出这一点, 是在这里u不能再被认为是元音, 而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合.于是, 在quite这个单词里只有两个元音, 是双元音单词, 第一个元音i发字母音, 第二个元音e不发音. p和 h在一起, 发/f/的音: phone, photo. 复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s) c和g 的两种读音: 如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发/s/, g发/j/的音: center, cigar, nice, mice, gem, giant, gym, page. 其他情况下, c发/k/, g发/g/:
15、 can, clap, cup, great, glad, got, goat, log. 特殊情况: get, give9. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words) 多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable, compound 复合词: homework, highway, sidewalk, inside, outside 自然拼读法从简到难的学习顺序为:1. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音, 其中一个音
16、是其字母本身的读音. y有时会被作为元音处理 单音节词, y在末尾, y发”I”的音(one syllable, y at the end (pronounced as“i”): my, why, fly, sky 多音节词, y在末尾, y发”E” 的音(two syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”): daddy, mommy, baby 2. 单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)如:Sam, cat, mat, 等等 Beginning Consonants Ending Cons
17、onants One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):一个单词里有两个元音时,前边一个元音发字母音,后边一个元音不发音如:make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, five, tie, road, toe, cute等等4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends) Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, s
18、t, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str) Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st) Words ending in ll, ss, ff Consonant digraphs (ch, tch, sh, th, wh, shr, squ, thr) 5. 特殊读法(1) - 固定读音的单词(Sight Word): the, a, is, to, have, are, hey, love 等.6. 特殊读法(2) 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels) 一个音
19、节如只有一个元音, 且以此元音结尾,这个元音发字母音 (vowel at the end)如:baby, me, hi, go, humor 等等 air (hair), al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ar (car, far), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk) ew (new), eigh (eight, weight), ed (stopped, added) er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir,
20、firm), ur (burn, hurt), or(horn), ie (field), ing, ind (behind), ild (mild, wild), igh (high, night, might), ire oi (oil, boil), old (old, cold), olt, oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, horn), ost (most, host), ou (could), ough (cough, through, ought, slough, plough), ould (would, could), oy (boy
21、), ought, , ous (famous), ow (读音一:cow, now, how, bow;读音二:bow, snow), ue (cruel), ui (fluid) tion (attention), sion (expression), ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le7. 特殊读法(3) 辅音的特殊读法 有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants) 如:ghost, comb, lamb, write 等 c 和 k 在一起时,发一个音: quick, black等. q 总是和u在一起:quite, quick,
22、 quit, quilt等. p和 h在一起, 发f的音: phone, photo. 复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s) c和g 的两种读音: 如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发”s”的音, g发”j”的音: center, cigar, gem, giant, gym 其他情况下, c, g 发其字母音: can, clap, cup, great, glad.8. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words) 多音节单词: believe
23、, multiple, syllable, compound 复合词: homework, highway英语单词发音规则 一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a 在开音节中 ei name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 i: he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 e bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 ai bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim
24、 o 在开音节中 ou those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 C clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 ju: student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音,例如:June blue ruler super 二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a在w音后面 C want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 : after p
25、lant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 ai find child light high o在-st -ld前 ou most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 come monkey love mother 三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a EE China another woman breakfast orange comrade village cabbage e E hundred student open weekend chicken pocket begin
26、 children i E/ holiday beautiful family animal ai exercise satellite o E second tonight somebody welcome Eu also zero photo u E autumn difficult ju: popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读ei音,例如:operate u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读u(:)音,例如:July influence February issue 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e
27、i 即可以读作E音,也可以读作音。 四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 arar在w音后面 : car farm dark sharpener C: warm quarter towards oror在w音后面 C: forty morning short E: word worker worse er ir ur E: certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读E音,例如:dollar teacher
28、 martyr forget Saturday 五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 are E care dare hare ere iE here mere ire aiE fire hire wire ore C: more score before ure juE pure cure are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读E音,例如:picture pleasure 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读r音。例如:parent zero story during i
29、nspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph 六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ai/ay ei afraid rain wait day play air E air hair chair pair repair alal在f m前 C small ball talk wall all C:l always also salt almost : half calm au/aw C: autumn daughter draw ea i: teach easy cheap please e heavy bread sweater weather ei break great ear iE hear dear near clear year E bear pear wear swear E: earth learn early ee i: jeep week green three eer iE pioneer deer beer ei/ey ei eight neighbour they i: either key eu/ew在j l r s后 ju: new few newspaper u: f
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