语法专题六 动词的时态 6.docx

1、语法专题六 动词的时态 6专题六时态和语态时态 英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种：时态构成 用法一般现在时主语动词(单数第三人称 s或es)表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等现在进行时主语 am (is，are)现在分词 表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作现在将来时 (1)主语will(shall)动词原形(2)主语 am (is, are) going

2、 to 动词原形表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在完成时 主语have (has)过去分词(1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。(2)动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。时态 构成 用法一般过去时 主语动词的过去式 表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)或存在的状态过去进行时 主语 was (were)现在分词 表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作过去将来时 主语 would 动词原形 表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态过去完成时 主语 had 过去分词 既可以表示在过去某一个时

3、间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。现在完成进行时主语have (has) been 现在分词 现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。语态 语态是表示主语和动词之间语法关系及语义关系的动词形式，有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。 英语中的语态和时态是不可分割的，每种时态都有其相应的语态形式 语态构成例句一般现在时的被动语态主语am(is, are)过去分词The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol

4、of courage and power.现在进行时的被动语态主语am(is, are)being过去分词My car is being repaired at present.现在将来时的被动语态主语 will(shall) be 过去分词/主语 am(is, are) going to be过去分词The new bridge will be completed at the end of the year.现在完成时的被动语态主语 have(has) been 过去分词I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a si

5、mple trick.一般过去时的被动语态主语 was (were)过去分词Marie Curie took little notice of the honors that were given to her in her later years.过去进行时的被动语态主语 was (were) being 过去分词I had the distinct impression that I was being followed.过去将来时的被动语态主语would be过去分词The workers scented changes that would be made in the company

6、.过去完成时的被动语态主语 had been 过去分词The new suspension bridge had been designed by the end of last month.一、时态 动词的时态是英语语法的重中之重，因为它们与句子结构、句子表达、语言逻辑紧密相连，无论是单选、完形、阅读还是书面表达都离不开时态。高考试题中常对以下几种情况进行考查。1.一般现在时与现在进行时的用法比较一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等；而现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。His daughter is always shy in public an

7、d she never dares to make a speech to the public.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss. 注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接用将来时态。If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.2一般将来时和过去将来时一般将来时主要用于表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态

8、；过去将来时主要用于表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Will those teaching the children from abroad come to the headmasters office?He told me if I didnt follow his advice, something bad would happen.注意：“will (shall) do”和“be going to do” 都可表示意图。如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果是说话时临时决定的，则用will。I am going to spend my holiday

9、 on Hainan Island this winter.I am sorry. I forgot to post the letter for you.Thats all right. I will post it myself.3一般过去时和现在完成时的用法比较一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)或存在的状态，和现在没有任何关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用；而现在完成时有两种用法：(1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。(2)动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。We volu

10、nteered to collect money to help the victims of the earthquake.He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.4一般过去时和过去进行时的用法比较一般过去时表示动作已经完成或在某一时间段内发生了某事；而过去进行时则表示动作的持续性，侧重动作持续的长度。For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm climate. I

11、hear he was writing a book last year, but I dont know whether he has finished it.5一般过去时和过去完成时的用法比较过去完成时既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。它和过去时的区别主要在于时间的参照点上。He began to learn English when he was fifteen.The little girl cried her heart out because she had lost her toy bear.6现在

12、完成时和过去完成时的用法区别现在完成时和过去完成时都可和表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在；而过去完成时表示的是延续到过去某个时间。He had learned more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.Many people have suffered much from the endless increasing price.7现在完成进行时现在完成进行时虽然不属于我们中学课本中常见的八种时态，但是在近几年的高考试题中频频出现，应该引起我们的注意。现在完成

13、进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.二、语态在高考试题中，被动语态是重要考点之一。复习时，除了注意考查各种时态的被动语态外，还要注意以下几种情况：1短语动词的被动语态使用短语动词的被动语态时，切记不要漏掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。Children in New China are taken good care of.The sick boy is being operated on now.2“get 过去分词”形式

14、“get 过去分词”也可表示被动语态，该结构较口语化。He got hurt when he fell off the bike last week.How do you get paid, by the day or by the hour?3主动形式表示被动意义一些表示开始、结束的动词(start, begin, close, end等)和表示主语某种属性特征的动词(read, write, sell, wear等)常用主动形式表示被动含义。The shop closes at 6 pm every day.This kind of apple tastes good and sells

15、well.4非谓语动词的被动语态The building to be built is a new cinema.The car being repaired is mine. 2013年高考英语试题-动词的时态和语态【2013北京】23. Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been made B. was madeC. has been made D. would be made【2013北京】25. - Do you think Mom and Dad

16、 late?- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.A. were B. will be C. would be D. have been【2013北京】28. Hurry up! Mark and Carl us.A. expect B. are expecting C. have expected D. will expect【2013北京】32. - So what is the procedure?- All the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interv

17、iew B. are interviewingC. are interviewed D. are being interviewed【2013福建】23. The famous musician, as well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited【2013福建】26. The girl has a great inte

18、rest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking 【2013湖南】22. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _ president,” said the boy, with a smile.A. have been B. am C. was D. will be【2013湖南】24. Around two oclock e

19、very night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us. A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered【2013湖南】26. If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done【2013湖南】27. Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ th

20、e only thing on the news for the last three days. A. would be B. is C. has been D. will be【2013湖南】34. I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im so sorry. But I _ my homework. A. had done B. was doing C. would do D. am doing【2013江苏】21. Generally, students inner motivati

21、on with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.A. is B. are C. was D. were【2013江苏】25. Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure. I a report at home.A. will be writing B. will have written C. have written D. have been writing【2013江苏】34. What about your self-drive trip yesterd

22、ay?Tiring! The road is being widened, and we a rough ride.A. had B. have C. would have D. have had【2013江西】35. I _ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. A. come B. came C. am coming D. was coming【2013辽宁】22. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _ it for a very lo

23、ng time.A. has had B. had had C. has D. had【2013辽宁】30. We are confident that the environment _ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.A. had been improved B. will be improved C. is improved D. was improved【2013山东】24. I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. A. has been B.

24、was C. had been D. would be 【2013山东】27. Oh no! Were too late. The train _. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train to London. A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. has been leaving 【2013陕西】11. On Monday mornings it usually me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. A

25、. takes B. is taking C. took D. will take【2013陕西】17. Jim a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. A. watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would be watching【2013四川】3.Hurry up, kids! The school bus _ for us!A. waits B. was waiting C. wai

26、ted D. is waiting【2013天津】13. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers one of the main pipes.A. had repaired B. have repaired C. repaired D. are repairing【2013新课标II卷】7. We very early so we packed the night before.A. leave B. had left C. were leaving D.have left【2013新课标I卷】24.

27、If we now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.A. hadnt acted B. havent acted C. dont act D. wont act【2013新课标I卷】27.When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I my mind. A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change【2013浙江】10. During the last three decades, the number of pe

28、ople participating in physical fitness programs _ sharply.A. was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing 【2013重庆】21. I felt very tired when I got home, and I straight to bed.A. go B. went C. had gone D. have gone【2013重庆】33. A Midsummer Nights Dream at the Theatre Royal on

29、19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.A. opens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened【2013安徽】24. Im calling about the apartment you the other day. Could you tell me more about it?A. advertised B. had advertisedC. are advertising D. will advertise2012年高考英语试题语法-动词的时态和语态【2012全国卷II】 Did you

30、 ask Sophia for help? I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own. A. wouldnt B. dont C. didnt D. wont【2012全国卷II】 The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told【2012安徽】26. In order to find the missing child , villagers all they can over the past five hours.A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing【2012安徽】31. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. having asked D