英语六级作文范文背诵.docx

1、英语六级作文范文背诵英语范文背诵TypesofSpeechStandardusageincludesthosewordsandexpressionsunderstood,used,andacceptedbyamajorityofthespeakersofalanguageinanysituationregardlessofthelevelofformality.Assuch,thesewordsandexpressionsarewelldefinedandlistedinstandarddictionaries.Colloquialisms,ontheotherhand,arefamiliar

2、wordsandidiomsthatareunderstoodbyalmostallspeakersofalanguageandusedininformalspeechorwriting,butnotconsideredappropriateformoreformalsituations.Almostallidiomaticexpressionsarecolloquiallanguage.Slang,however,referstowordsandexpressionsunderstoodbyalargenumberofspeakersbutnotacceptedasgood,formalus

3、agebythemajority.Colloquialexpressionsandevenslangmaybefoundinstandarddictionariesbutwillbesoidentified.Bothcolloquialusageandslangaremorecommoninspeechthaninwriting.Colloquialspeechoftenpassesintostandardspeech.Someslangalsopassesintostandardspeech,butotherslangexpressionsenjoymomentarypopularityfo

4、llowedbyobscurity.Insomecases,themajorityneveracceptscertainslangphrasesbutneverthelessretainsthemintheircollectivememories.Everygenerationseemstorequireitsownsetofwordstodescribefamiliarobjectsandevents.Ithasbeenpointedoutbyanumberoflinguiststhatthreeculturalconditionsarenecessaryforthecreationofal

5、argebodyofslangexpressions.First,theintroductionandacceptanceofnewobjectsandsituationsinthesociety;second,adiversepopulationwithalargenumberofsubgroups;third,associationamongthesubgroupsandthemajoritypopulation.Finally,itisworthnotingthatthetermsstandard colloquialandslangexistonlyasabstractlabelsfo

6、rscholarswhostudylanguage.Onlyatinynumberofthespeakersofanylanguagewillbeawarethattheyareusingcolloquialorslangexpressions.MostspeakersofEnglishwill,duringappropriatesituations,selectanduseallthreetypesofexpressions.英语范文背诵SuburbanizationIfbysuburbismeantanurbanmarginthatgrowsmorerapidlythanitsalread

7、ydevelopedinterior,theprocessofsuburbanizationbeganduringtheemergenceoftheindustrialcityinthesecondquarterofthenineteenthcentury.Beforethatperiodthecitywasasmallhighlycompactclusterinwhichpeoplemovedaboutonfootandgoodswereconveyedbyhorseandcart.Buttheearlyfactoriesbuiltinthe1840swerelocatedalongwate

8、rwaysandnearrailheadsattheedgesofcities,andhousingwasneededforthethousandsofpeopledrawnby（由拉动）theprospectofemployment.Intime,thefactoriesweresurroundedbyproliferating（增生扩散）milltownsofapartmentsandrowhousesthatabutted(v.邻接，毗邻)theolder,maincities.Asadefenseagainstthisencroachment（侵蚀）andtoenlargetheirt

9、axbases,thecitiesappropriatedtheirindustrialneighbors.In1854,forexample,thecityofPhiladelphiaannexed（并吞，附加）mostofPhiladelphiaCounty.SimilarmunicipalmaneuverstookplaceinChicagoandinNewYork.Indeed,mostgreatcitiesoftheUnitedStatesachievedsuchstatusonlybyincorporatingthecommunitiesalongtheirborders.With

10、theaccelerationofindustrialgrowthcameacuteurbancrowdingandaccompanyingsocialstress-conditionsthatbegantoapproachdisastrousproportionswhen,in1888,thefirstcommerciallysuccessfulelectrictractionlinewasdeveloped.Withinafewyearsthehorse-drawntrolleyswereretiredandelectricstreetcarnetworkscrisscrossedandc

11、onnectedeverymajorurbanarea,fosteringawaveofsuburbanizationthattransformedthecompactindustrialcityintoadispersedmetropolis.Thisfirstphaseofmass-scalesuburbanizationwasreinforcedbythesimultaneousemergenceoftheurbanMiddleClass,whosedesiresforhomeownershipinneighborhoodsfarfromtheaginginnercityweresati

12、sfiedbythedevelopersofsingle-familyhousingtracts.英语范文背诵AmericanRevolutionTheAmericanRevolutionwasnotarevolutioninthesenseofaradicalortoalchange.Itwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework,suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia,whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations.Significantc

13、hangeswereushered(引导，展示)in,buttheywerenotbreathtaking(惊人的，惊险的).Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutright(直率的，彻底的)revolution.Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying,marryingandplaying.Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting,andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiessc

14、arcelyknewthatawarwason.AmericasWarofIndependenceheralded(预报，宣布)thebirthofthreemodernnations.OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinflux(注入，流入)ofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalists(忠诚的人，反对独立的人)whofledtherefromtheUnitedStates.AnotherwasAustralia,whichbecameapenal(刑事的)colonynowthat

15、Americawasnolongeravailableforprisonersanddebtors.Thethirdnewcomer-theUnitedStates-baseditselfsquarelyonrepublicanprinciples.Yeteventhepoliticaloverturnwasnotsorevolutionaryasonemightsuppose.Insomestates,notablyConnecticutandRhodeIsland,thewarlargelyratifiedacolonialself-rulealreadyexisting.Britisho

16、fficials,everywhereousted,werereplacedbyahome-growngoverningclass,whichpromptlysoughtalocalsubstituteforkingandParliament.(现在就算是政治革命也不如以前想像的那样具有革命性。在一些州，特别明显的像康涅狄格和瑞候德岛，战争在很大程度上批准一些殖民居住地自治的做法已经存在。英国政府到处掠夺，它被本国的政治阶层所取代，而这个政治阶层很快地在当地为国王和国会找到本国的替代品)英语范文背诵AndrewCarnegieAndrewCarnegie,knownastheKingofSte

17、el,builtthesteelindustryintheUnitedStates,and,intheprocess,becameoneofthewealthiestmeninAmerica.Hissuccessresultedinpartfromhisabilitytoselltheproductandinpartfromhispolicyofexpandingduringperiodsofeconomicdecline,whenmostofhiscompetitorswerereducingtheirinvestments.Carnegiebelievedthatindividualssh

18、ouldprogressthroughhardwork,buthealsofeltstronglythatthewealthy(有钱人，富人)shouldusetheirfortunesforthebenefitofsociety.Heopposedcharity(施舍),preferringinsteadtoprovideeducationalopportunitiesthatwouldallowotherstohelpthemselves. Hewhodiesrich,diesdisgraced,heoftensaid.Amonghismorenoteworthycontributions

19、tosocietyarethosethatbearhisname,includingtheCarnegieInstituteofPittsburgh,whichhasalibrary,amuseumoffinearts,andamuseumofnationalhistory.HealsofoundedaschooloftechnologythatisnowpartofCarnegie-MellonUniversity.OtherphilanthrophicgiftsaretheCarnegieEndowmentforInternationalPeacetopromoteunderstandin

20、gbetweennations,theCarnegieInstituteofWashingtontofundscientificresearch,andCarnegieHalltoprovideacenterforthearts.FewAmericanshavebeenleftuntouchedbyAndrewCarnegiesgenerosity(慷慨，大方).Hiscontributionsofmorethanfivemilliondollarsestablished2,500librariesinsmallcommunitiesthroughoutthecountryandformedt

21、henucleusofthepubliclibrarysystemthatweallenjoytoday.英语范文背诵TelevisionTelevision-themostpervasive（弥漫性的，渗透性的）andpersuasive(有说服力的，使人信服的)ofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth-ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinary（非凡的）sophisticationandversatility(多功能性),whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourw

22、orld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts(各种各样的),madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.Thewordtelevision,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(visio:sight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectroni

23、cs,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicimpulses(刺激，推动力),whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.Televisionismorethanjustan

24、electronicsystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachesthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwav

25、etransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnonbroadcasttelevision,whichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforaboutthirty-se

26、venyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyors(承办商)ofnews,information,andentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactuallyshapednotonlytelevisionbutourperception(感觉)ofitaswell.Wehavecome

27、tolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.(我们作为被动的观众把我们的角色溶入这种动态的媒体，我们已经开始把显像管看做一种娱乐的资源。)英语范文背诵TheBeginningofDramaTherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolved

28、fromritual（典礼，宗教仪式）.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld-eventheseasonalchanges-asunpredictable,andtheysoughtthroughvariousmeanstocontroltheseunknownandfearedpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiled(以面纱遮盖，隐避)themysteriesoftherites(