小学英语语法大全完美版含练习.docx

1、小学英语语法大全完美版含练习概述 .1第一讲 句子 . 2第二讲 名词 . 4 第三讲 冠词 . 7第四讲 代词 . 9第五讲 形容词和数词 . 11第六讲 副词 . 14第七讲 介词 . 15第八讲 连词 . 17第九讲 动词 . 18第十讲 语法的基本概念 . 20第十一讲 一般现在时 . 22第十二讲 现在进行时 . 24第十三讲 一般过去时 . 26第十四讲 一般将来时 . 28第十五讲 句法 . 30第十六讲 话题 . 32概述英语语法是什么：英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。英语语法是分类的，分为词法和句

2、法。小学英语语法和初高中相比较，只是在语法数量和难易程度上有差别。英语有些方面是有一些规律可循的，但是英语还有它另外一个显著的特点，那就是知识点的零碎、分散。万丈高楼从地起，想要学好英语，那就需要注重英语基础。基础打牢才会越学越轻松。对于小学语法的讲解，将会从词法、句法、时态三个方面展开：【词法】八大词法：名词 形容词 副词 代词 动词 数词 介词 冠词【句法】七种句型：诉句、疑问句（一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句）祈使句 、被动句、There be句型 、 if条件句、感叹句【时态】四种时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时第一讲：句子第二讲：名词名词的定义：名词是指表示人

3、和事物名称的词，可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。一：名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词1、专有名词：特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。e.g. Jim Green， New York， Bank of China，Peking University星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。e.g. Monday，May，Christmas，Spring Festival，Maths，China Daily2、普通名词：表示一类人或物或抽象概念的名称。普通名词又可以分为四类:个体名词 表示某类人或东西

4、中的个体，如：student , desk集体名词 表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class , family 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如：water , rice , sand，hair抽象名词 表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love ，carelessness个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。注 意：1集体名词被看作一个整体时，表达单数概念。e.g. His family was well known in the town. 他家在镇里是名门望族。2集体名词被看

5、作若干个体的集合时，表达复数概念。e.g. His family are waiting for him. 她的家人正在等他。3集体名词表达多个集体时，也有复数形式。e.g. Our village is made up of 300 families. 我们村有300户人家。二： 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-b

6、oxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days

7、, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-tr

8、uths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, 4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体

9、）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portugue

10、se, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants三、名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者

11、多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes

12、 and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示时间todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然现象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the countrys plan, the worlds populatio

13、n, Chinas industry4表示工作群体the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及价值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

14、用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 练习：bus- lunch- car- man-toy- family- potato- life-child- Chinese- fox- baby-1. There some wine in the bottle. A. is B. are C. be D. being2. Mice afraid of cats. A. is B. are C. was D. be3. Mathematics m

15、y favourite subject. A. is B. are C. be D. were4. My father has almost . A. two hundred sheep B. two hundred sheeps C. two hundreds sheep D. two hundreds sheeps5. There are in the park. A. six child B. six childs C. six children D. six childrens第三讲：冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法：不定冠词a，an

16、用在单数可数名词前面，泛指一类人或物中的任何一个。1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather

17、a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II. 定冠词的用法：定冠词the用在单数或复数可数名词前，也可用在不可数名词前。1表示某一类人或物The horse is

18、 a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two chil

19、dren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠词的用法：零冠词：名词前不用冠词的情况。1专有名词，物质名词，

20、抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. /Whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing footbal

21、l/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.练习：1. There is _notebook on my desk. I use _ notebook to keep a diary.2. There is _bottle on the table. _ water in it is sweet.3. Wangs mother is _En

22、glish teacher. She teaches in _ primary school.4. China is _ ancient country with _ long history.5. China has _ population of 12 hundred million. _ Chinese people are _ great people.6. Her mother is _ university teacher. She is _ honest woman.7. None of _books should be taken out of _ room without _

23、 permission of _ librarian.8. _Party always teaches us to work for _ people heart and soul.9. She studies at _No. 3 Middle School. She goes to _ school by _ bus every day.10. My elder sister is _student of _ English. She studies at _ college.11. _ Monday before _ Spring Festival was very cold.12. Ha

24、ve you had _dinner? 13. He lives in _ Shanghai.14. She is wearing _ sunglasses.15. Are you _ busy?16. I have _ money.17. Does Lisa want to be _ actress?18. Ori is _ best student in our class.19. Are those your _ shoes?20. My sister is playing _ piano. 第四讲：代词1、人称代词：表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词。我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheri