1、1114初中英语动词分类大全初中英语动词分类大全(附练习)一、什么是动词动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如:The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为He is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态 二、动词的分类动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。(一)行为动词行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如:I live in Beijing with my mother.
2、(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有(二)连系动词连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如:We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。连系动词可具体分为三类:1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要特别予以注意。例如:He is a teacher.(
3、他是个教师。)He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。)We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。)2、表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等,例如:She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。)I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。)Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。)The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)The
4、 mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”,例如:She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。)He feels sick. His face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。)The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.(春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些了。)He grew old.(他老了。)难
5、点解释注意区别以下一些动词的用法,它们既可以作为行为动词,又可以作为连系动词。1、look看;看起来He is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词It looks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词2、fell摸;感觉1)I felt someone touch my arm.(我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词Are you felling better today than before?(你今天比以前感到好些了吗?)连系动词3、smell嗅;闻起来My little brother likes to smell the apple be
6、fore he eats it.(我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。)行为动词Great! The flowers smell nice.(这些花闻起来多香啊!)连系动词4、sound弄响,发音;听起来The letter “h” in hour is not sounded.(在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。)行为动词The gun sounded much closer.(枪声听起来更近了。)连系动词5、taste辨味;尝起来Please taste the soup.(请尝一口汤。)行为动词The soup tastes terrible.(这汤尝起来味道太差了。)连系动词6、get得
7、到,获得;变There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.(桌上有些香蕉,你们每个人可以拿一个。)行为动词7、grow生长,种植;变Do you grow rice in your country?(你们的国家种水稻吗?)行为动词Its too late. Its growing dark.(太迟了,天渐渐变暗了。)连系动词8、turn转动,翻动,使变得;变The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)行为动词When spring comes, the trees turn gre
8、en and the flowers come out.(春天来了,树叶变经绿了,花儿开了。)连系动词上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等,既可以作连系动词,又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢?有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系动词;反之,不能替换的,就是行为动词。例如:The trees turn/are green when spring comes.(春天来临,树叶变绿。)The earth rurns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)这第二句句子中的turn是行为动词,意为“转动”。无法以is替换。(三)助动词这类
9、词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问,例如:He does not speak English well.(他英语讲得不好。)句中的does是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与not一起构成否定形式。A dog is running after a cat.(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。)句中的is 是助动词,和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?)句中的did是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词have一起构成疑问
10、。(四)情态动词这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思,例如:I can dance.(我会跳舞。)can, 能, 会He cant walk because he is a baby.(因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)cant, 不必May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)may, 可以第二节及物动词与不及物动词行为动词(即实义动词)按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及
11、物动词。一、及物动词后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,例如:Give me some ink, please.(请给我一些墨水。)If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.(如果你们有问题,你们可以举手,。)二、不及物动词后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。例如:He works hard.(他工作努力。)Jack jruns faster than Mike.(杰克跑步比迈克要快些。)Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.
12、(请看黑板,听我说。)He got and “A” this time because he went over his lessons carefully.(这次他得了个“A”,因为他仔细地复习了功课。)难点解释1、许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别,例如:Who is going to speak at the meeting?(谁打算在会上发言?)speak, 不及物动词Few people outside China speak Chinese.(在中国外很少人讲汉语。)speak,及物动词2、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物
13、的,而在汉语中却是及物的。有时则相反。例如:He is waiting for you.(他在等你。)英语wait为不及物动词,汉语“等”为及物动词。Serve the people.(为人民服务。)英语serve为及物动词,汉语“服务”为不及物动词。 Exercise 1指出下列各句中划线部分是什么动词,并说明词义,例如:All of us study hard.(vi. 学习)1、He began to work at seven this morning.( )2、I have left the key at home.( )3、We must take the old woman to
14、 the hospital at once.( )4、Billy felt very sad when he heard the bad news.( )5、Think it over, and you will have a good idea.( )6、Dont think of yourself;think of others.( )7、We are college students now, but we were at the factory two years ago.( )8、Mr. Black got angry when he saw Jenny come to school
15、 late again.( )9、Please wash your hands before each meal.( )10、Li Ming often works for the wall-newspaper after school.( ) Exercise 2区别下列多组句子中的动作,指出下列划线动词是连系动词还是行为动词,并写出词义:1、Shelookswell.( ) She tried tolookat the blackboard but waw nothing.( )2、The studentsfeltunhappy.( ) Ifeltsomeone touch my back
16、.( )3、It was snowing hard when hegotto the city.( ) Its too late. Itsgettingdarker and darker.( )4、The teacher asked the student toturnit over.( ) The leaves of the treesturngreen when sping comes.( )5、The young treesgrowfast.( ) It began togrowdark.( )6、The bellsoundedat 12 oclock for lunch.( ) The
17、 musicsoundsnice.( )第三节 持续动词与瞬间动词英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。二、瞬间性动词表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, f
18、ind, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。三、用法1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束,例如:He has studied English for three years.(他学英语已有3年了。)He has joi
19、ned the Party.(他已入党了。)Mum isnt at home. She has gone to the library.(妈妈不在家,她去图书馆了。)2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。例如:His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。)My mother has lain in bde for 3 days.(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。)My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.(我父母亲从1950
20、年起就住在上海了。)3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法: (1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换,例如:He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.(他参军已有3年了。)不能用has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。)不能用has got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time?(你哥哥离家已有好久了吗?)不能用has left常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:1
21、、gobe away 2、comebe here3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away(be not here)5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on9、finishbe over 10、openbe open11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/be seated17、joinbe in()或be amember18、becomebe (2)用it issi
22、nce结构来替换瞬间动词,例如:电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法)The film has been on for five minutes.Its five minutes since the film began.他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法)He has been away from Shanghai for three days.It is three days since he left Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)Its two weeks since I returned the book to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了?
23、(一种方法)How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如:I havent seen you for a long time.(好久没见到你了。)补充说明1、本书基本上已把初中课本中的持续动词与瞬间性动词罗列出来,可供教师参考使用。2、关于持续性动词与瞬间性动词的用法,可以结合现在完成时的教学一起进行。 Exercise 3一、选择正确的答案:1、Alice has (come, been) back for a week.2、His grandmother has (been dead, died)
24、 for ten years.3、When we got to the cinema, the film had (begun, been on) for a few minutes.4、The lights have (turned on, been on) for over half a day.5、Have you (bought, had) the book on grammar for a week? Yes, since last Sunday.二、用since和for翻译下列句子:1、这本书我已借了两周了。2、她离开这儿有5分钟了吗?3、我弟弟入团已有半年多了。4、Joan来到我
25、校已有两个月了。5、他们相识有很长一段时间了。第四节 情态动词在本章第(一)节里我们已学过的动词分为行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。这一节要着重学习情态动词的特点及其用法。初中阶段要学习和掌握的情态动词主要有can/could, may/might, must这几个最为常用的词,当然还需要了解学习need, dare等情态动词。一、情态动词的主要特征试比较下列几组句子,看情态动词的特点:1、He borrows some books from the library.(他常从图书馆借些书。) He can borrow some books from the library.(他可以
26、从图书馆借到一些书。)can, 可以2、I run fast.(我跑得快。) I cant run fast(我跑得不快。)cant, 不会,不能3、Must he go now?(他必须现在走吗?)must, 必须 Did he go last night?(他昨晚去了吗?)4、They may be there.(他们可能在那儿。)may, 可能 They werent there.(他们不在那儿。)从上述四组句子中,可以看出以下几个特点:1、can、may、must都有各自的词义,表示能力、可能、允诺、愿意、请求等情态,因词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。2、情态动
27、词没有人称和数的变化。构成疑问句时,通常放在主语前面(见例3);构成否定句时,not放在这些情态动词之后(见例2)。可用它们的缩写形式(cant, cannot, mustnt等)。二、主要用法下面四幅图简单地说明了can, may及must的用法。前两幅中的两列火车说明了can和may这两个情态动词的用法。后两幅分别说明must在不同的场合中的不同词义,分别可以表示“必须”(must do)、“一定”和“准是”(must be)的意思。补充说明1、用have to表示客观上的需要,意为“不得不”、“只是”;must则表示主观上的必须和说话人的意志,在间接引语中过去时也常用must。2、有些时
28、态用must无法表示,可用have to代替,如will have to(表示将来),had to(表示过去)。3、can只有现在时和过去时,其他时态要用be able to。三、具体用法 (一)can, could和be able to1、表示能力,例如:I can speak a little Japanese.(我会说一点儿日语。)She couldnt speak Chinese when she came to our school last month.(上月她来我校时还不会说中文。)Be able to代替can, 也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could)
29、, 而be able to则有更多的时态形式,例如:You will be able to talk with the foreign teacher in English next week.(下星期你将能与外国老师用英语交谈了。)My little brother has been able to write.(我的小弟弟已会写字了。)2、表示允许,准许,这时can与may可以互换,例如:Can/May I brother your bike tomorrow?Yes, of course. You can/may use my bike tomorrow.(明天我可以借你的自行车吗?当然
30、可以。明天你可以用我的自行车。)You cant smoke here.(你不可以在这儿抽烟。)3、表示客观可能性,用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人的怀疑、猜测或不肯定。例如:He cannot/cant be there.(他不可能在那儿。)Can this news be true?(这消息可能直实吗?)4、could除表示can的过去式外,在口语中还常代替can,表示非常委婉的请求。这时could和can没有时间上的差别。例如:Could/Can you tell me if he will go tomorrow?(你能告诉我他明天是否去吗?)Could/Can I ask you something if you are not busy?(如果您不太忙,我能否问您一些事情?)Could/Can you show me the way to the nearest hospital?(您能给我指一下去最近的医院的路吗?) (二)may和might1、表示“准许”和“许可”,这时可与can替换。例如:May (can) I use your dictionary for a moment?(我可以借你的字典用一下吗?)May I take t
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