高考英语易错语法点30题专题07 非谓语动词解析版.docx

1、高考英语易错语法点30题专题07 非谓语动词解析版高考语法复习 7 非谓语动词【走进高考】1.【2018北京】_ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled【答案】B【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“_ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。2.【2018北京】During the Mid-Autumn Festival

2、, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，_ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故选B。3.【2018北京】Ordinary soa

3、p, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. used B. to use C. using D. use【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。4.【2018天津】I didnt mean _anything but the ice cr

4、eam looked so good that I couldnt help_ it.A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying【答案】D【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldnt help doing忍不住做。故选D。5.【2018天津】I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. taking B. t

5、aken C. being taken D. take【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。6.【2018江苏】Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod, _ theexpectednumber of 12,000 heldby marketanalysts.A. havingexceeded B. toexceed C. exceeded D. exceeding【

6、答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。7.【2017天津】The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated. A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病

7、人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示被动且完成，故选B。8.【2017天津】I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _.A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语。句意：在整个会议期间我一直在

8、看钟表，因为我要去赶火车。根据上下文判断出as引导原因状语从句，根据have在本句中，词义为 “有”，根据固定结构sb. have sth. to do某人有某事要做（在本句中to do由主语完成），根据句意判断出本句符合结构。故选C。9.【2017江苏】Many Chinese brands, _ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing【

9、答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。10.【2017北京】Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多航空公司现

10、在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。【语法精讲】考点一非谓语动词的形式及意义非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生不定式进行式to be doing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having donehaving been done其表示的动作先

11、于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成(2017江苏卷)Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。(北京卷)There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moo

12、n.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。对点演练单句语法填空1(2019河北衡水中学一模)Having practiced(practice) singing since five, I have spent much time improving my voice.2a.Linda is thought to be working(work) in Africa, but I really dont know what country shes working in.bLinda is said to have studied(study) abroad, but I am

13、not sure which country it was.3Henry cant attend the party being held at Toms house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party to be held at Maries house tomorrow.(hold)考点二非谓语动词作状语一、不定式作状语1作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。(2018北京卷)During the MidAutumn Festiv

14、al, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。2作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：only to do(表示意想不到的结果)；enough to do(足够做)；too.to do.(太而不能)；so/such.as to.(如此以至于)等。(四川卷)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆

15、乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。3作原因状语，常用在“主语系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。(辽宁卷)This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minu

16、tes.这台机器很容易操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。二、分词作状语分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连用。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。(2018江苏卷)Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, exceeding the expected

17、number of 12，000 held by market analysts.在这期间，大约创造13 500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12 000的预期数量。(2018北京卷)Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.如果正确使用的话，普通肥皂可以有效地消灭细菌。(天津卷)Absorbed in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 三、独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受

18、上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有：独立成分意义generally speaking(to be general)一般来说honestly/roughly/strictly speaking老实说/大体说/严格说frankly speaking/to be frank坦白说judging from/by根据来判断taking.into consideration/account考虑到considering/seeing/given.考虑到to tell the truth/to be honest说实话compared with/by与相比to make things worse更糟糕的是(

19、浙江卷)To be honest, the pay isnt attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.说实话，尽管这份工作本身很有趣，但这个报酬不是很吸引人。四、独立主格结构作状语独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立主格，用于修饰整个句子。该结构位置相当灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子主体分开，在句中通常作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的等，还可以作定语。其构成形式主要有：1名词/代词形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式

20、(主动表被动) Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。2with/without名词/代词宾语补足语(现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语)With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newlyelected p

21、resident is having a hard time. 有许多的难题要解决，这位新选的总统正度过一段艰难的日子。(安徽卷)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.约翰收到了一张宴会的请柬，由于工作做完了，他很乐意地接受了。(北京卷)I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going on.在这么多噪音的环境下，我没法做作业。对点演练单句语法填空1(四川卷)Offered(offer) an impor

22、tant role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.2(2017北京卷)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save(save) their valuable time.考点三非谓语动词作定语一、不定式作定语1不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。(安徽卷)The play to be produced next month aims mainly to reflect the local

23、culture.下个月将上演的这部戏剧主要目的是反映当地文化。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldnt find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。2.序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to

24、leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。3被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。(辽宁卷)And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时

25、，不定式使用被动式。Have you got anything to buy?你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者)I want to go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought?我想去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者) 二、分词作定语1作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。(福建卷)Tsing

26、hua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。(北京卷)Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。2作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。falling leaves正在落下的叶子(表正在进

27、行)fallen leaves落叶(表完成)非谓语动词作定语的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较：Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.The bridge built in 2017 was designed by a local company.The bridge being built no

28、w was designed by a local company.The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company. 对点演练单句语法填空1(2017天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch(catch)2(2017北京卷)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend) with his students.3(

29、江西卷)On receiving a phone call from his wife saying(say) she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.考点四非谓语动词作宾语1只接不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish；refuse, manage， care, pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮offer, promise, choose, plan；agree, ask/beg, h

30、elp(江苏卷)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and comprehensive review of the case.警官们决定对这起案件进行一次周密而全面的审查。动词learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out等常接“疑问词动词不定式”作宾语。 2只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon；admit, delay/put off, fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice；deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免forbid/avoid, imagine, risk；cant help(禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escapeThe