探析不同育苗基质对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响.docx

1、探析不同育苗基质对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响探析不同育苗基质对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响摘要:以腐熟中药渣、泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩为原料，按照不同比例复配成4种育苗基质，选取南京市蔬菜所的通用型育苗基质作为对照，研究不同配比的育苗基质对黄瓜苗期生长的影响。结果表明：基质B培育的黄瓜在株高、茎粗、根长、根表面积以及壮苗指数上均显著优于其他配比的育苗基质，育苗效果显著提高，可推荐作为黄瓜育苗的专用型育苗基质。Abstract: the rotten in the medical, peat, vermiculite and perlite as raw material, according to the diffe

2、rent proportion distribution into 4 kinds of substrate, selection of nanjing vegetables universal seedling substrate as a comparison, the different proportion of substrate effects on cucumber seedling growth. Results show that the matrix B cultivation of cucumber in plant height, stem diameter, root

3、 length, root surface area and strong seedling index were significantly better than other seedling substrate ratio, have significantly improved effect, can be recommended as a special seedling of cucumber seedling substrates.关键词:育苗基质；黄瓜；幼苗；生长；影响Key words: seedling substrate; Cucumber; Seedling; They

4、 grow. impact随着人们对生存环境质量要求的不断提高，对蔬菜水果的供应量和品质要求急速增加。种苗工厂化生产（穴盘育苗）因具有节能、生产效率高、秧苗素质好、缓苗快、成活率高、适于长距离运输等优点而越来越受到重视。With the constant improvement of the people quality requirements of survival environment, the rapid increase of fruits and vegetables supply and quality requirement. Seedlings factory produc

5、tion (hole plate seedling) for energy saving, high production efficiency, the quality is good, quick slow seedlings, the advantages of high survival rate, suitable for long distance transportation and more and more be taken seriously.育苗是蔬菜栽培的重要措施，育苗基质则是穴盘种苗生产的基础物质，而基质良好的理化性状直接影响秧苗的壮弱，从而影响到蔬菜的长势和产量。但

6、是传统的育苗方法，具有土传性病害严重、成活率低、缓苗期长、生长发育慢等缺点1，已无法满足发展日益快速的农业生产。Seedlings is one of the important measures, vegetable cultivation of matrix is the hole plate seedling production base material, the substrate with good physical and chemical properties directly affect the seedlings strong weak, which affects t

7、he growth and output of the vegetables. But traditional seedling raising method, with soil borne disease serious, low survival rate, long slow seedling stage, slow growth of the disadvantage of 1, has been unable to meet the rapid development of agricultural production.自20世纪70年代丹麦和英国先后开发使用岩棉栽培技术以来，用

8、于无土育苗、栽培的各种基质的研究逐步成为一个重要的课题2。基质是无土育苗的重要材料，它可以固定作物根系，提供根系营养，协调水分、养分和氧气供给的作用。早期大规模使用的育苗基质，如泥炭、岩棉等，已逐渐显现出需要后期添加营养液和不可再生等缺点和局限性，这促使无土栽培逐步向环保型、技术型的方向转变3-5。新型有机基质，是指既不使用天然土壤也不使用传统的营养液灌溉植物根系，而是采用农业废弃物等经腐熟发酵、沤制和消毒而成的有机固态基质6。在本试验复配基质的有机原材料中，腐熟药渣由南京市蔬菜花卉科学研究所肥料厂发酵而成。Denmark and the UK has used since the 1970

9、s rock cotton cultivation techniques, various matrix for soilless seedling and cultivation research has become an important topic of 2. Matrix is an important material of soilless seedling raising, it can be fixed crop root, root nutrition, coordination of water and nutrient and oxygen supply. Mass

10、use of early seedling substrates, such as peat, rock wool, etc., has gradually appeared late need to add the nutrient solution and non-renewable and other shortcomings and limitations, which prompted soilless cultivation gradually towards the direction of the environmental protection, technical tran

11、sformation 3-5. New organic substrate, refers to neither use the natural soil or use traditional nutrient solution irrigation, plant roots, but use the rotten fermentation, such as agricultural waste retting and disinfection of organic solid matrix 6. Compound with matrix of organic raw materials in

12、 this test, the rotten liquid composed of nanjing FeiLiaoChang fermented vegetables flowers science institute.基质的研究是基质育苗、栽培的基础和关键7-8，而基质的选择更是无土育苗、栽培成功与否的关键9。但是，目前国内外对育苗基质的研究主要集中在基质原料的研发，而在作物专用型育苗基质筛选方面的研究还不够充分。适宜的作物专用育苗基质的选择，不仅直接影响幼苗的生长速度和质量，而且影响了作物定植后的缓苗时间、产量及产值，更重要的是，筛选育苗基质是工厂化育苗的关键技术之一。因此，应根据基质原料

13、、育苗种类等进行试验，筛选出适合于不同蔬菜品种，且育苗成本低、秧苗质量高的基质。Matrix of research is the basis of the matrix, cultivation of seedling and key 7-8, and the choice of substrate is the key to the success of soilless seedling and cultivation 9. But the current domestic and foreign research on nursery substrates are mainly con

14、centrated in matrix materials research and development, and in special crop seedling substrate screening research is not sufficient enough. Appropriate crops specific substrate selection, speed and quality not only affects the growth of seedlings, and affected the crops after engraftment slow seedli

15、ng time, yield and output value, and, more importantly, screening nursery substrates is one of the key technology of factory seedling. Therefore, we should according to the matrix material, seedling varieties, such as experiment, selected suitable for different vegetable varieties, and seedling subs

16、trate of low cost, high seedling quality.本试验以腐熟中药渣、泥炭、蛭石以及珍珠岩为原料，按照不同比例复配成4种育苗基质，然后对黄瓜进行育苗试验，研究不同配方的育苗基质对黄瓜幼苗生长情况的影响，以期筛选出适合黄瓜育苗的新型专用型育苗基质。Liquid in the experiment with rotten, peat, vermiculite and perlite as raw material, according to the different proportion distribution into 4 kinds of substrate

17、, and then on cucumber seedling test, different formulations of seedling substrate effects on cucumber seedling growth situation, in order to screen is suitable for the new special cucumber seedling nursery substrates.1材料与方法1 materials and methods1.1试验地概况1.1 testbed试验地点设在南京市蔬菜科技园工厂化育苗温室内，位于南京市江宁区横溪镇

18、，北纬31143236，东经1182211914，属亚热带湿润气候，年平均气温15.4 ，年均降水量1 106 mm。Test place is located in the vegetable science and technology park of nanjing factory seedling in greenhouse, in gainesville, town, jiangning area, nanjing north latitude 31 14 32 36, longitude 118 22 119 14, is a subtropical humid climate,

19、annual average temperature 15.4 , annual average rainfall of 106 mm.1.2试验材料1.2 test materials供试育苗基质材料有腐熟中药渣、泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩4种。其中，腐熟中药渣来自南京市蔬菜花卉科学研究所肥料厂，泥炭、蛭石与珍珠岩分别购自辽宁清原满族自治县花肥经销处，南京生熙建材物资有限责任公司和东海县北塔蛭石厂。材料的理化性状见表1。供试作物为黄瓜，品种为津优一号。Selected seedling substrate material with rotten in the medical, peat, verm

20、iculite and perlite 4 kinds. Among them, the liquid from nanjing in the rotten vegetables flowers FeiLiaoChang science institute, peat, vermiculite and perlite were purchased from liaoning flower fertilizer agencies, qingyuan manchu autonomous county of nanjing city building material supplies co., L

21、TD and DongHaiXian north tower vermiculite plant. Material physical and chemical properties shown in table 1. For cucumber, selected crops varieties for tianjin no. 1.1.3试验设计1.3 design of experiment试验设置4个处理，即育苗基质材料分别采用腐熟中药渣、泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩为材料按照处理后不同中药渣粒径和不同原料比例复配成4种育苗基质（A、B、C、D），以南京市蔬菜所通用型育苗基质作为对照（CK）。各育苗

22、基质配方因涉及专利申请，故未写明配比。试验采用美式黑塑50孔穴盘，每穴播1粒，每个处理3个重复。播种结束后置于大棚内，育苗周期为28 d，育苗过程中只补充清水，不补充营养液或任何肥料。Test set four processing, i.e., substrate material to liquid, respectively adopt rotten peat, vermiculite and perlite as material according to the proportion of the liquid in different size and different mate

23、rial after processing distribution into 4 kinds of substrate (A, B, C, D), and the vegetables are universal in nanjing city nursery substrates as control (CK). Each seedling substrate formula because of patent application, so it did not specify matching. Test use American black plastic cavity plate,

24、 50 per 1 grain of dibbling, three repeat each processing. Seeding in greenhouses, after the end of cycle is 28 d, seedling, only added in the process of water supplement nutrient solution or no fertilizer.1.4测定项目与方法1.4 project and measuring method1.4.1基质理化性质。基质容重、总孔隙度和持水孔隙度用环刀法测定，通气孔隙度=总孔隙度-持水孔隙度10

25、，大小孔隙比=通气孔隙度持水孔隙；基质pH值和EC值的测定，无CO2水与基质的体积按照21的比例剧烈振荡，静置30 min后浸提液用PHS-2C型实验室pH值计测定pH值，用DDS-11A数显电导率仪测定EC值。1.4.1 the matrix physical and chemical properties. Matrix density, total porosity and water-holding porosity ring knife method is used to test, the aeration porosity = total porosity - 10 water-

26、holding porosity, pore size than = aeration porosity, the pore water; The determination of the pH and EC value matrix, no CO2 water volume according to the proportion of 2:1 with the substrate violent oscillation, let stand for 30 min after leaching solution with PHS - 2 - c type laboratory pH meter

27、 determination of pH value, using DDS EC value - 11 - a digital conductivity meter.1.4.2黄瓜幼苗生长与生理指标。待培养周期结束，测定每盘的出苗率，并且各处理每盘随机抽样3株幼苗，测定株高（以穴盘基质表面到生长点的高度为准）、茎粗（紧靠子叶节下部），下胚轴长（以穴盘基质表面到子叶距离），地上部与地下部鲜生物（版权声明：本文转载自论文网在线()，版权归原作者所有。）量；幼苗根系用根系扫描（根系扫描仪型号为LA1600+Canada；分析软件为Winrhizo 2003b）测定其根长。1.4.2 cucumber

28、 seedling growth and physiological indicators. Waiting for end of the training cycle, determines each dish of emergence rate, and the processing every plate of random sampling 3 seedling, determination of plant height (the hole plate substrate surface to the height of the growing point shall prevail

29、), stem diameter (close to the lower part of cotyledon section), and the hypocotyl length (distance) to hole plate substrate surface to cotyledon, aboveground and underground part fresh biological (net of paper of copyright statement: this article reprinted from online (), all peer originator.) The

30、amount; Seedling root root scan (root scanner models for LA1600 + Canada; analysis software for Winrhizo 2003 b) determination of its root length.1.5数据统计分析1.5 data statistical analysis采用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据分析，Excel进行图形绘制。处理之间的显著差异采用单因素方差分析评价，平均值多重比较采用最小显著极差法（LSD）。For data analysis by SPSS 16.0 software,

31、Excel for graphics rendering. Deal with the significant differences between using single factor variance analysis and evaluation, the average multiple comparison using the method of least significant poor (LSD).2结果与分析2 the results and analysis2.1不同育苗基质配比的理化性质2.1 different seedling matrix formula of

32、the physical and chemical properties2.1.1不同育苗基质的容重和孔隙度。基质是幼苗生长的介质，其物理结构决定了基质水分养分吸附性能和空气的含量，从而影响水分和养分的供应、吸收甚至运输11。容重和孔隙度是衡量基质固、液、气三相比例是否合适的简单指标12。中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所提出，适宜混合基质的标准为容重0.20.8 g/cm3，既能固定根系，又适宜长途运输；孔隙度54%以上，持水量要大于150%13，也就是要求通气孔隙与持水孔隙之比（气水比）在1.0（1.41.5）为宜14-15。从表2可以看出，本试验自行配制的4种育苗基质容重为0.240.26 g/cm3，总孔隙度66.08%77.08%，气水比1.00（3.044.05），均符合优良基质的要求，与CK相比，通气孔隙度大幅度提高，只要2次就能够将基质浇透水，而CK要浇水56次。2.1.1 bulk density and porosity of different substrate. Matrix