中级口译分类词汇.docx

1、中级口译分类词汇JESS中口/口译补充讲义： 中级口译口试词汇分类整理-1.) 经济类APEC, ASEAN, EU, EC (EEC), G8 EURO, RMB, YEN, POUND, DOLLAR UN, WHO, IMF, PLO, FBI, VOA, CIA , NSA, CCCP, DMZ, PLA, QFII, PBOC,CEPANATO, NASA, UNESCO, OPEC, NAFTA, SAFEassociate company (subsidiary / affiliate) 联营公司 （子公司、附属公司）aggregate demand 总需求aggregate s

2、upply总供给advanced technology 先进技术active balance (passive balance/ unfavorable balance) 顺差 (逆差) acquire 购置、获取，购买，取得所有权acquisition of assets 购置资产absolute advantage 绝对优势 （一国或一国的一部分由于拥有原材料、动力、劳动力等自然资源，因而能较廉价地生产某一产品， 因此拥有胜过其他国家或地区的优势。）authorization bill授权书asset资产Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛bottom line 帐本底线,

3、 底线banking 银行业black market 黑市budget 预算budget deficit预算赤字budget surplus预算盈余bureaucracy 官僚作风, 官僚机构business cycle 商业周期business mechanism 创业机制business prototype商业原型、商业模型brand loyalty对某个牌子的忠诚度business fraud (accounting fraud) 商业欺诈 (做假帐)bull/bear market 牛市/ 熊市cutting edge (have an edge on) 优势 （比有优势）cash b

4、onuses 现金奖励commercial 商业广告commodity商品convertible currency可兑换的货币corporate / entrepreneurial culture 企业文化capital资本, 资金, 资产checks and balances政府机关彼此之间、公司内部各部门的相互制约和平衡civil rights/civil liberties公民权利、自由commerce clause商业条款common law习惯法comparative advantage 相对优势competition竞争confederation联邦contract 合同cost

5、成本dealer/ jobber/ broker 经销商/经纪人depreciation / appreciation 贬值/增值deflation / inflation通货紧缩/ 通货膨胀designer clothing/jeans / sneakers 名牌服装/牛仔裤/运动鞋demand 需求 strong demand需求强劲weak demand需求疲软insufficient demand需求不足effective demand 有效需求demand curve需求曲线democracy民主depression 萧条，经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业d

6、iscount rate 贴现率discount market贴现市场double / triple / quadruple两倍/三倍/四倍（翻两翻）economic growth经济增长economics经济学economical节约的, 经济的efficiency 效率，功效elasticity 弹性、可塑性、灵活度elite 精英entrepreneur, entrepreneurship 企业家，企业equities 英pl. (无固定利息的)股票, 证券electronic dealing 电子交易employment 就业employment rate就业率employment i

7、nsurance (EI, 旧称UI-unemployment insurance) 失业保险interest rate(s)利率infrastructure基础设施inflation通货膨胀fiscal year 财政年度foreign-invested venture 外资企业foreign-capital enterprise外资企业fund / capital / venture capital 资金, 资本/ 风险资金federal reserve system (美国)联邦备银行制度federation 联邦fiscal policy财政政策, 财务方针free trade 自由贸

8、易future market 期货市场go public 上市go under 倒闭gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值hedge (against) 保护或防御手段, 尤指防止经济损失a hedge against inflation. 防止通货膨胀的措施hands-off management 疏松管理high return 高收益，高回报human capital人力资本，技能资本hyperinflation恶性通货膨胀investment fever 投资热investment po

9、licy投资政策investment destination投资地点infrastructure基础设施immediate yield直接回报ideology意识形态incentive 动力interest group 利益集团(指因共同利益而结合在一起的一批人)joint venture 合资企业labor 劳动力law of demand 需求定律law of supply供给定律legitimacy合理性、合法性limited liability corporation 有限公司listed companies 上市公司liquidity 变现能力market intelligence

10、市场情报、市场调查market share市场占有率market economy 市场经济managerial expertise管理知识mass production批量生产mechanism 机制merger合并monopoly垄断macroeconomics宏观经济学merit 价值microeconomics微观经济学monetary policy 货币政策mortgage 按揭make ends meet 收支平衡national debt 国债oligarchy寡头政治, 寡头政治的执政团opportunity cost 机会成本optimize (maximize / minim

11、ize) 优化 / 最大化/ 最小化paragon 模范patent 专利political economy 政治经济pork-barrel legislation猪肉桶立法， 又称“分肥立法、分肥拨款pork-barrel appropriations”指立法机关为讨好选民而促使政府向议员所属地方选区拨发的经费。private enterprise 私营企业productivity 生产力product 产品produce 农产品promotion 促销price 价格place 地点4 P = product, price, place and promotionprofit 利润prof

12、itable 有利可图的propaganda （贬义）宣传protectionism （贸易）保护主义performance 业绩public sector 公共部门private sector 私营部门potential market 潜在市场plunge / dip / down （价格）猛跌/ 小跌/ 下跌recession 衰退，不景气referendum 公投rent 租金resources 资源savings 储蓄scarcity 缺乏separation of powers 权利分离subsidy 津贴supply 供给supply side economics 供方经济学sta

13、rt / build from scratch 从零开始soar / surge / climb （价格）上涨strategic planning 战略部署, 战略计划stock / bond / securities 股票/ 债券/ 证券stock option (share option) 股票期权stock index 股指streamline 精减sales volume 销售额strong （dollar /currency / yen / RMB ） （货币）坚挺tariff 关税tax税taxation税收tax relief 税收减除tax holiday 免税期tax pol

14、icy 税收政策title 所有权trade deficit (surplus) 贸易逆差 / 顺差trade volume 贸易额regime 政权、机制rally 反弹, 股市价格和成交额在下跌后显著的上升restructure 改组、重组top-down management 自上而下的管理模式trade bloc贸易集团 （如：欧盟）trade balance 贸易平衡trade sanction贸易制裁turnover 销售额Shanghai Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所Shenzhen SE 深圳证券交易所NewYork SE 纽约证券交易所London SE 伦敦

15、证券交易所transaction 交易upstart (new rich) 暴发户unemployment rate 失业率utility 设施veto 否决venture capital 风险资金work force 职工总数、劳动力welfare state 福利国家2) 政治类 “Agriculture, Countryside and Farmer” issues 三农问题bringing in and going out “引进来”和“走出去”政策eight dos and eight donts “八个坚持、八个反对”Four Cardinal Principles 四项基本原则F

16、our modernizations 四个现代化（农、工、国防、科技）one china, one Taiwan “一中一台”“one country, two systems” “一国两制”“south -south cooperation” “南南合作”Taiwan independence “台湾独立”two Chinas “两个中国”“Three Represents” “三个代表”three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade) （两岸）直接三通the eight-point proposal 八项主张the

17、 five principles of peaceful coexistence 和平共处五项原则the fourth plenary session 四中全会the ninth five-year plan (1996-2000) “九五”计划the tenth five-year plan (2001-2005) “十五”计划the third plenary session of the eleventh central committee 十一届三中全会the three major historical tasks 三大历史任务the three Sino-Us joint comm

18、uniqus 中美三个联合公报three favorables 三个有利于16th party congress 十六大23 million Taiwan compatriots 两千三百万台湾同胞a well-off standard 小康水平a well-off society 小康社会advance the development of the western region 推进西部大开发advances with the times 与时代发展同步伐at the proper time and to an appropriate degree 适时适度attempts to split

19、 the country 各种分裂图谋blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit 开拓创新build a well-off society in an all-round way 全面建设小康社会building a moderately prosperous society in all respects 全面建设小康社会build a clean and honest government 廉政建设build a conservation-minded society 建设(资源)节约型社会chinas cross-century developme

20、nt 我国的跨世纪发展chinas international standing 我国的国际地位chinas overall national strength 我国综合国力citizens participation in political affairs 公民政治参与civic duty 公民职责civil rights / civil liberties 公民权利、自由civil servants 公务员creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity 创造力、凝聚力和战斗力cross-straits negotiations 两岸谈判cross-s

21、traits relations 两岸关系crucial historical juncture 重大历史关头democratic decision-making 民主决策democratic elections 民主选举democratic management 民主管理Democratic Progressive Party 民进党democratic supervision 民主监督Deng Xiaoping theory 邓小平理论deputy to the National Peoples Congress 全国人大代表 extensive and profound 博大精深extr

22、avagance and waste 铺张浪费falsification 弄虚作假family planning 计划生育federations of industry 工商联fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics 主观主义和形而上学的桎梏fight against Taiwan Independence 反对“台独”good-neighborly relationship 睦邻友好government functions 政府职能government institutions 政府机构government intervention 政府干预 gover

23、nment organs 政府机构 (have) a good government and a united people 政通人和historic breakthrough 历史性突破hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory 高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜honesty 诚实守信honesty and high efficiency 廉洁高效Hong Kong And Macao special administrative regions 香港、澳门特别行政区ideological and moral education 思想道德建设i

24、ntellectuals 知识分子intensify functions 强化功能international organizations 国际性组织international situation 国际形势iron out differences 化解歧见keep pace with the times 与时俱进kingpin 支撑long-term peace and order 长治久安long-term social stability and solidarity 长期社会安定团结Macao 澳门Mao Zedong thought 毛泽东思想Marxism Leninism 马克思列宁

25、主义mass organizations 人民团体masters of the country 当家作主material and cultural needs of the people 人民的物质文化需要material and spiritual civilization 物质文明和精神文明media and publicity work 宣传舆论工作moral kingpin 精神支撑morality, intelligence, physique and art 德智体美national rejuvenation through science and education 科教兴国na

26、tional reunification 祖国统一national spirit 民族精神negotiations on peaceful reunification 和平统一谈判neighborhood committee 居委会NPC member 人大代表 our compatriots in Taiwan 台湾同胞our compatriots in the Hong Kong SAR 香港特别行政区同胞our compatriots in the Macao SAR 澳门特别行政区同胞patriots from all walks of life 各界爱国人士patriotic de

27、mocratic personages 爱国民主人士patriotic united front 爱国统一战线peace and development 和平与发展peace, justice and progress 和平，正义，进步problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers 农业、农村和农民问题 grain distribution system 粮食流通体制reduce agricultural tax rate 降低农业税税率reform of rural taxes and administrative charges 农

28、村税费改革repeal taxes on special agricultural products 取消农业特产rescind agricultural taxes in five years 五年内取消农业税to alleviate rural poverty through development 农村扶贫开发proceed from our national conditions 从我国国情出发promote all-round social progress 促进社会全面进步realm of ideology 意识形态领域reform and opening-up 改革开放reform, development and stability 改革发展稳定rule (run) the country by law 依法治国rule (run) the country by virtue 以德治国running the party, state and