高考英语专题 定语从句.docx

1、高考英语专题高考英语专题 定语从句定语从句 3年高考 2 年模拟 1年原创精品系列 专题 10 定语从句【考点定位】2014 考纲解读和近几年考点分布 【考点 pk】名师考点透析 考点 1：关系代词一览表 关系词 先行词 从句 成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom,which 和 that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用 that whom 人 宾语 Mr.Smith i s the person with whom I am wo

2、rking The boy(whom)she loved died in the war.whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.that 人，物 主语 宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star(that)I want to see very much.which 物 主语 宾语 The book(which)I gave you was

3、worth$10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as 人，物 主语 宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as 做宾语一般不省略 关系副词 when 时间 时间 状语 I will never forget the day when we met there.可用 on which where 地点 地点 状语 This is the house where I was

4、born.可用 in which why 原因 原因 状语 I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用 for which 考点 2：that与 which，who，whom 的用法区别 that和 which 的用法区别:在定语从句中，关系代词 which和 that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：(3)当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用 that。如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的

5、书。(4)当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用 that。如：Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。(5)当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用 that。如：This is a book that I have been looking for since last week.这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。(3)先行词为代词 that 或 that所修饰时，只能用 which。如：I dont take that which is too expensi

6、ve.我不要太贵的那一个。who(whom)和 that 的用法区别详解:在定语从句中，关系代词 who(whom)和 that 都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：一、用 who(whom)而不用 that的情形(1)在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用 who(whom)。如：My sister,who is studying abroad,sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。(2)当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能

7、用 who(whom)。如：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students?你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？(3)当先行词为 people 和 those时，只能用 who(whom)。如：Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那儿的人请来这边。(4)当先行词为 one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，只能用 who(whom)。如：Anyone who is against

8、 us is our enemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。(5)先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用 who。如：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days.昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。二、用 that 而不用 who(whom)的情形(1)当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用 that。如：The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong.在为我们队踢足球的最

9、高哪个运动员来自山东。(2)当先行词前面有 only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very形容词修饰时，引导词只能用 that。如：He is the only student that said“no”to the teacher.他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生(3)当主句是以 who 开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用 that。如：Who is woman that you talked with just now?刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁？(4)the same as 与 the same that the same as 所引导定语

10、从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that 表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago.她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含：她偷了我的上衣)She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)考点 3 关系副词引导的定语从句 1、关系副词一览表 关系副词 when 时间 时间 状语 I will never forg

11、et the day when we met there.可用on which where 地点 地点 状语 This is the house where I was born.可用in which why 原因 原因 状语 I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane他发现他陷入了危险的境地，他有可能会失去对飞机的控制。1

12、概述“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which，whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构：(1)介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom 1 went for advice=Mandela was the black lawyer whom 1 went to for advice曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。(2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three

13、of which were English novels=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，of which three were English novels上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中三本是英文小说。He wrote a book，the name of which Ive completely forgotten他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。The old man has two daughtersboth of whom are doctors那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。(3)形容词最高级+介词+关系

14、代词 China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。(4)介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong namefor which mistake I apologized我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用 whose)2关系代词的选择 用于”介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用 whom，指物时只能用which，即介词+which/whom。【三年高考】10、11、12、13高考试题及其解析 2013年高考定语从句 1.Many

15、 countries are now setting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected.（北京）A.when B.which C.whose D.where 答案 D 解析：先行词 the national parks 在定语从句中作定点状语，所以选 D。2.Thepresident of theWorldBanksayshehasapassionfor China,heremembersstarting asearlyashischildhood.（江苏）A.where B.whichC.whatD.when 答案 B

16、 解析：先行词 a passion 在定语从句中作 starting的宾语，所以选 B。3.He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.（江西）A.what B.which C.where D.how 答案 C 解析：先行词 a letter 在定语从句中作状语，所以选 C。4.When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house_ I wouldbe staying.A.what B.when C.where D.which（新课标 II）答案 C 解析：先行词 th

17、e house在定语从句中作地点状语。5.John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of are family members A them B.that C.which D.whom（重庆）答案 D 解析：先行词 40 people 在定语从句中作介词 of的宾语，所以选 D。6.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.（安徽）A.it B.th

18、at C.what D.which 答案 D 解析：先行词空前的整个句子这件事，在定语从句中作主语，所以选 D。7.Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.（湖南）A.whom B.who C.what D.which 答案 B 解析：先行词 those（那些人）在定语从句中作主语，所以选 B.8.There is no simple answer,_ is often the case in science.（山东）A.as B.that C.when D.

19、where 答案 A 解析：as 在句子中指代前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，而 that 不能引导非限定性定语从句。所以选 A。9.Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.(山东)A.when B.where C.which D.whom 答案 C 解析：先行词 a lonely island 在定语从句中作主语，所以选 C。10.We have launched another man-made satellite,is announced in todays ne

20、wspaper.（天津）A.that B.which C.who D.what 答案 B 解析：先行词为空前面句子，且在定语从句中作主语，that 不能引导非限定性定语从句，所以选 B。11Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.A.what B.which C.when D.where(四川)答案 D 解析：先行词 the environment 在定语从句中作地点状语，所以选 D。12.The air quality in the city,_is shown in the report,ha

21、s improved over the past two months.（2013 福建）A.that B.it C.as D.what 答案 C 解析：as 指代先行词 the air quality in the city在定语从句中作主语，而 that不能引导非限定性定语从句，所以选 C。(1-5:DBCCD 6-10:DBACB 11-12：DC)2012高考英语试题 1.(2012大纲卷)8.That evening,_ I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.A.that B.which C.wha

22、t D.when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚，我以后会告诉你更多相关的情况。which I will tell you more about later 是非限制性定语从句，which 在从句中作 about 的宾语，代指that evening。【易错点拨】本题容易误选 D项，错误原因是认为 evening表示时间，应该用关系副词 when来引导定语从句，而没有仔细分析定语从句缺失的成分。2.(2012北京卷)26.When deeply absorbed in work,_ he often was,he would forget all about eat

23、ing or sleeping.A.that B.which C.where D.when 3.(2012天津卷)7.I wish to thank Professor Smit h,without _help I would never have got th is far.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。without whose help=and without his help。whose引导的是非限制性定语从句，在句中作“help”的定语，其先行词为“Prof essor Smith”。句意：我真得感谢史密斯教授。如果没有他的帮

24、助，我就永 远不会（在学术上）走得这么远的。4.(2012重庆卷)29.Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just a s important as sales A.which B.that C.when D.where 5.(2012安徽卷)29.lot of language learning,has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during

25、 that period.A.as B.it C.which D.this【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在出生后的第一年发生的。所以父母应当在那一时期多和孩子说话。分析句子结构可知，“has been discovered为非限制性定语从句，又因空处指代”A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life整个句子。故用 as。【易错点拨】本题易错选 C。which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整个句子时只能放在主句后面，而 as 引导的非限制性定语句的位置相对灵活，可在前，可在

26、中，也可在后。6.(2012福建卷)23.The air quality in the city,_ is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.A.t hat B.it C.as D.what 7.(2012湖南卷)34.Care of the soul is a gradual process _even the small details of life should be considered.A.what B.in what C.which D.in which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：心灵的护

27、理是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中，甚至生活中那些微小的细节都应该加以考虑。in which引导非限制性定语从句，which代前面的 process。8.(2012江苏卷)22.After the flooding,people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.which B.who C.where D.what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。指人的先行词 people 在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关 系代词 who引导。故选 B项。句意

28、：洪水过后，那个地区的人们忍受着巨大的痛苦，人们迫切需要清洁的水，药品栖身的临时住所。9.(2012江西卷)28By 16:30,was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.Awhich Bwhen Cwhat Dthat 10.(2012山东卷)23.Maria has written two novels,both of _ have been made into television seri es.A.them B.that C.which D.what【答案】C【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制

29、性定语从句。句中的先行词是 two novels，而且后面是一个非限制性定语从句，因此用 both of which引导。That 不能引导非限制性定语从句，也不能跟在介词后面；如果选 them，则后面需要有并列连词 and或者是独立主格结构，即 both of them made into.。11.(2012陕西卷)14.It is the third time that she has won the race,_ has surprised us all.A.that B.where C.which D.what 13.(2012浙江卷)9.We live in an age _ mor

30、e information is available with great ease than ever before.A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。when引导定语从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）。此处的 when=at which。句意：我们生活在这样的一个时代，在这个时代我们比以前更容易得到更多的信息。14.(2012浙江卷)17.Ellen was a painter of birds and nature,_,for s ome reason,had withdrawn from all hu

31、man society.A.which B.who C.where D.whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，定语从句的先行词是 a painter，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词 who。2011高考英语试题 1.（2011安徽卷）Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.A when B which C where D while 2.（2011四川卷）The school shop,customer

32、s are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.Awhich Bwhose Cwhen Dwhere【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。此处 whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 shop，在定语从句中作 customers 的定语。句意为“这个学校商店，其主顾大多是学生，因为放假就关门了。”3.（2011浙江卷）A bank is the place _they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.A when B

33、that C where D there 【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是 the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词 where。4.（2011浙江卷）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of_ uses it somewhat differently.A which B what C them D those 6.（2011天津卷）The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A when B that C where D which【答案】A【解析】考察定语从句。句意为：when引导定语从句修饰 The day。are gone为插入语。句意为：全部靠体